His game against Alekhine involved a combination some eighteen moves deep: Alekhine vs Yates, King's Indian Defence, Karlsbad 1923 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. g3 Bg7 4. Bg2 0-0 5. Nc3 d6 6. Nf3 Nc6 7. d5 Nb8 8. e4 Nbd7 9. 0-0 a5 10. Be3 Ng4 11. Bd4 Nge5 12. Nxe5 Nxe5 13. c5 dxc5 14. Bxc5 b6 15. Bd4 Ba6 16. Re1 Qd6 17. Bf1 Bxf1 18. Rxf1 c5 19. Bxe5 Qxe5 20. Qb3 Rab8 21. Qb5 f5 22. Rae1 f4 23. Qd7 Rbd8 24. gxf4 Qxf4 25. Qe6 + Kh8 26. f3 Qg5 + 27. Kh1 Rd6 28. Qh3 Be5 29. Re2 Rdf6 30. Nd1 Rf4 31. Ne3 Rh4 32. Qe6 Qh5 33. Ng4 Rxg4 34. fxg4 Rxf1 + 35. Kg2 Qxh2 + 36. Kxf1 Qh1 + 37. Kf2 Bd4 + 38. Kg3 Qg1 + 39. Kh3 Qf1 + 40. Rg2 Qh1 + 41. Kg3 Qe1 + 42. Kh3 g5 43. Rc2 Qf1 + 44. Kh2 Qg1 + 45. Kh3 Qh1 + 46. Kg3 Qd1 47. Rc3 Qg1 + 48. Kh3 Qf1 + 49. Kg3 Bf2 + 50. Kf3 Bg1 + 0 – 1

1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. g3 d5 4. d4 Be7 5. Bg2 O-O 6. O-O dxc4 7. Qc2 a6 8. Qxc4 b5 9. Qc2 Bb7 10. Bg5 Nbd7 11. Nbd2 c5 12. dxc5 Nxc5 13. Bxf6 gxf6 14. Nb3 Rc8 15. Rad1 Qb6 16. Nxc5 Bxc5 17. Qb1 Rfd8 18. Ne1 Rxd1 19. Qxd1 Bxg2 20. Kxg2 Qc6 + 21. Nf3 Bf8 22. Qd2 Qe4 23. Qd3 Qxd3 24. exd3 Rc2 25. Rb1 Bc5 26. d4 Bb6 27. Ne1 Rc4 28. d5 exd5 29. Rd1 d4 30. Kf3 Kf8 31. Ke4 Ke7 32. Kd3 a5 33. Nc2 Kd7 34. Re1 Rc5 35. Re4 Rf5 36. Rf4 Rxf4 37. gxf4 Bc7 38. Nxd4 Bxf4 39. Nxb5 Bxh2 40. a3 Be5 41. b3 h5 42. a4 h4 43. Ke2 h3 44. Kf1 Kc6 45. Na3 Kd5 46. Nc2 Bd6 47. Kg1 Bc5 48. Kh2 Ke4 49. Ne3 Bxe3 50. fxe3 Kxe3 51. b4 axb4 52. a5 b3 53. a6 b2 54. a7 b1 = Q 55. a8 = Q Qc2 + 0-1

Petrosian – Gligorić, Zagreb 1970: 1. c4 g6 2. Nf3 Bg7 3. d4 Nf6 4. Nc3 0-0 5. e4 d6 6. Be2 e5 7. 0-0 Nc6 8. d5 Ne7 9. b4 Nh5 10. Nd2 Nf4 11. a4 f5 12. Bf3 g5 13. exf5 Nxf5 14. g3 Nd4 15. gxf4 Nxf3 + 16. Qxf3 g4 17. Qh1 exf4 18. Bb2 Bf5 19. Rfe1 f3 20. Nde4 Qh4 21. h3 Be5 22. Re3 gxh3 23. Qxf3 Bg4 24. Qh1 h2 + 25. Kg2 Qh5 26. Nd2 Bd4 27. Qe1 Rae8 28. Nce4 Bxb2 29. Rg3 Be5 30. R1a3 Kh8 31. Kh1 Rg8 32. Qf1 Bxg3 33. Rxg3 Rxe4 0 – 1

Balinas, R ELO 2365-Kavalek, L ELO 2555, Manila, Result: 1-0 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 g6 3. g3 Bg7 4. Bg2 0-0 5. Nf3 d5 6. cxd5 Nxd5 7. Qb3 Nb6 8. h4 h6 9. d4 Be6 10. Qc2 Nc6 11. Bf4 Nxd4 12. Nxd4 Qxd4 13. Rd1 Qb4 14. Bd2 c6 15. h5 g5 16. f4 gxf4 17. gxf4 Qc5 18. b4 Qc4 19. f5 Qg4 20. Bh3 Qg3 + 21. Kf1 Nc4 22. Ne4 Ne3 + 23. Bxe3 Qxe3 24. fxe6 fxe6 + 25.

He then won a theme tournament in Vienna with 4. 5 / 6 (+ 4 = 1 − 1 ); the tournament saw all games commence with the moves 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 Ne4, known as the Dory Defence.

: E52-4. e3 0-0 5. Nf3 d5 6. Bd3 b6 ( Classical Fianchetto / Tal Variation )

* C37: 1. e4 e5 2. f4 exf4 3. Nf3 g5 4. Nc3 / 4. Bc4 g4 5. 0-0 ( Muzio Gambit )

14. Qg8 + Kd7 15. Qg7 + Kc6 16. g3 Nf3 + 17. Kd1 Nd4 + 18. Kd2 Nf3 + 19. Kd1 Nd4 + 1 / 2-1 / 2.

After 6. Nf3 Bc5 White has difficulties castling short, because the plan to exchange the dark-squared bishops with Bd3 / Qe2 / Be3 can be met by Bg4 / Nd4 to muddy the waters.

White must develop quietly with moves like Nc3 / Nf3 / e3 / Be2, allowing Black to find active positions for his pieces with 0-0 / Be6 / Qe7 / Rfd8, and preparing several sacrificial ideas on e3 or f2, with excellent attacking possibilities.

There are only few lines with Black omitting ... Nc6 and / or White omitting Nf3.

1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 a6 6. g3 g6 7. Bg2 Bg7 8. O-O O-O 9. h3 Bd7 10. Nde2 Nc6 11. b3 b5 12. Be3 Qc8 13. Kh2 Qc7 14. Nd5 Nxd5 15. exd5 Nd8 16. Bd4 Rc8 17. Bxg7 Kxg7 18. Qd4 + Kg8 19. c3 e5 20. dxe6 fxe6 21. Rad1 Nf7 22. f4 Qc5 23. Qxc5 Rxc5 24. Rd3 Rfc8 25. Rfd1 a5 26. g4 Kf8 27. Re3 Ke7 28. Bd5 Kf6 29. g5 + Ke7 30. c4 Nd8 31. Nd4 bxc4 32. bxc4 Kf7 33. Rde1 exd5 34. Re7 + Kf8 35. Rxd7 Rxc4 36. Ree7 Rxd4 37. Rxh7 Kg8 38. Rhg7 + Kf8 39. Rh7 – http :// www. chessgames. com / perl / chessgame? gid = 1044624

1. e4 c6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 dxe4 4. Nxe4 Nd7 5. Nf3 Ngf6 6. Ng3 e6 7. Bd3 Be7 8. Qe2 O-O 9. Bg5N c5 10. O-O-O Re8 11. Kb1 cxd4 12. Bc4 Qb6 13. Rxd4 Nc5 14. Rhd1 Bd7 15. Ne5 Bc6 16. Bxf6 Bxf6 17. Nh5 Red8 18. Nxf6 + gxf6 19. Nxf7 Kxf7 20. Rd6 Rxd6 21. Rxd6 Re8 22. Qh5 + Kg7 23. Rd4 Rd8 24. Rg4 + Kh8 25. a3 Ne4 26. Bb3 Qc5 27. Qf7 Qf8 28. Qxe6 Nd2 + 29. Ka2 Re8 30. Qf5 Nxb3 31. cxb3 Qe7 32. Qa5 a6 33. g3 Qe5 34. Qd2 Bd5 35. h3 Qe6 36. Qd3 Be4 37. Qc3 Bf5 38. Rf4 Qe5 39. Qf3 Be6 40. Rxf6 1-0 http :// www. chessgames. com / perl / chessgame? gid = 1271089

Black can also play 3 ... d6, when 4. d4 transposes to the Philidor Counter-Attack ( 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 f5 !?

Early critics of the Analyse du jeu des Échecs include those of the Modenese School ( Ercole del Rio, Lolli or Ponziani ), who in contrast to the French, advocated a free piece play, gambit openings and tactical complications ; they also found some of the variations reported in the Analyse to be unsound ( in particular those related with f7 – f5 push in the Philidor Defence 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 f5 ?!).

The point is that if the bishop or pawn takes the queen, the white rook's pin on the black bishop is lifted, allowing 34 ... Bxd2 ; if the rook takes the queen, the white bishop no longer protects f3, so Black can play 34 ... Nf3 + and 35 ... Nxd2.

: It is more common to play 2. Nf3, but Kasparov has deep experience with that line, so White's opening book goes in a different direction.

Instead of 7. Bg5, White can play 7. Nf3 Bb7 8. e3, intending to develop the dark-squared bishop to b2.

Black can play 4 ... c5 5. Nf3 with a position also reached from the Kasparov Variation ( see above ), but 4 ... d5 is possible as well.

After 6. cxd5 Nxg5 7. Nxg5 e6, White has 8. Qd2 exd5 9. Qe3 +, with attacking chances, or the more usual 8. Nf3 exd5 ( though the interpolation 8 ... h6 9. Nf3 exd5 is a significant alternative ), after which play generally proceeds on lines analogous to the Queen's Gambit Declined, Exchange Variation, with a queenside minority attack by White ( b2 – b4 – b5xc6 ), as Black aims for his traditional kingside play with ... f7 – f5 – f4 and, in this case, ... g6 – g5.

An example of a similar smothered mate in master-level play is the game between Edward Lasker ( White ) and Israel Horowitz ( Black ) in New York City, 1946, which went: 1. d4 Nf6 2. Nf3 d5 3. e3 c5 4. c4 cxd4 5. Nxd4 e5 6. Nf3 Nc6 7. Nc3 d4 8. exd4 exd4 9. Nb5 Bb4 + 10. Bd2 0-0 11. Bxb4 Nxb4 12. Nbxd4 Qa5 13. Nd2 Qe5 + 14. Ne2 Nd3 #.

Other options in the KGD are possible, though unusual, such as the sharp countergambit 2 ... Nc6 3. Nf3 f5, advocated by Tony Miles ; 2 ... d6, when after 3. Nf3, best is 3 ... exf4 transposing to the Fischer Defense ( though 2 ... d6 invites White to play 3. d4 instead ); and 2 ... Nf6 3. fxe5 Nxe4 4. Nf3 Ng5!

The Becker Defence ( 3. Nf3 h6 ), has the idea of creating a pawn chain on h6, g5, f4 to defend the f4 pawn while avoiding the Kieseritzky Gambit ; Black will not be forced to play ... g4 when White plays to undermine the chain with h4.

White can play 2. Nf3 without intending to follow up with 3. d4.

Now White can play 4. d4 cxd4 5. Nf3, when Black has a choice between 5 ... e6 and 5 ... Nc6.

* Codes B20 through B29 cover lines after 1. e4 c5 where White does not play 2. Nf3, and lines where White plays 2. Nf3 and Black responds with a move other than 2 ... d6, 2 ... Nc6 or 2 ... e6.

After 3. Nf3, Black usually plays 3 ... b6 ( the Queen's Indian Defence ) or 3 ... d5 ( leading to the Queen's Gambit Declined ), but can instead play 3 ... Bb4 +, the Bogo-Indian, named after Efim Bogoljubov.

If Black does not wish to play the Queen's Indian in response to 3. Nf3, alternatives include: 3 ... d5, transposing to the Queen's Gambit Declined ; 3 ... Bb4 +, the Bogo-Indian Defense ; and 3 ... c5, which typically leads to a Modern Benoni or a Symmetrical English.

Also white can play 2. Nf3.

Then black may play 2 ... e6 for English ( ECO code A13, see 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nf3 e6 ).

His contributions to opening theory extend to reviving the Marshall Attack for Black in the Ruy Lopez ( 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. 0-0 Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 0-0 8. c3 d5 ), developing the Leningrad Variation for White in the Nimzo-Indian Defence ( 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. Bg5 ), the Spassky Variation on the Black side of the Nimzo – Indian, and the Closed Variation of the Sicilian Defence for White ( 1. e4 c5 2. Nc3 ).

Nf3 e6, the white knight and black pawn transfer after moving on board A to their corresponding squares on board B.

: A form of the so-called Russian System ( the usual move order is 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 d5 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Qb3 ), putting pressure on Fischer's central d5 pawn.

This carries the threats 2. Nf3 ( leading to various mates delivered by the d5 rook ) and 2. f3 + ( leading to knight mates on f5 or g2 ).

These restrictions do not carry over from one turn to the next -- so the opening 1. e4 2. e6 f6 3. e5 Nf3 Bc4 is legal ( White's e-pawn may move again because its moves are on different turns ), but the sequence 1. e4 2. e6 f6 3. e5 Ba6 Bxb7 is not ( the bishop has made two moves, but there are many other white pieces which have not moved on that turn ).

If White tries 30. Nd6 with the idea of 31. Qxe5 winning the knight, Black gets decisive pressure on the g-file after 30 ... Nf3 + 31. Kh1 Qg6.

An original system on the Black side of the Closed Ruy Lopez ( 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. 0-0 Be7 6. Re1 b5 7. Bb3 d6 8. c3 0-0 9. h3 Na5 10. Bc2 c5 11. d4 Nd7 ) was introduced by Keres at the 1962 Candidates ' tournament, and it had a run of popularity for several years.

The solution is: 1. Nf3 Nc6 2. Ne5 Nxe5 (= wN ) ( Black knight turns to white knight after capture on e5.

In the Rubinstein, White has often resorted to playing Ne2 rather than Nf3 at some point to be able to recapture on c3 with the knight, thus avoiding the doubled pawns.

Black can choose to recapture on c5 with the bishop ( e. g. 5 ... Bxc5 or 5 ... 0-0 6. a3 Bxc5 ), or with the knight ( after 5 ... Na6 or 5 ... 0-0 6. Nf3 Na6 ).

5 ... Qxd5 is the Romanishin System: the idea is that after 6. Nf3 Qf5 7. Qxf5 exf5, Black strengthens his grip on e4 and makes e6 available for the bishop, which is enough for him to obtain equality.

White sometimes plays 2. Nf3 and 3. c3, which depending on Black's response may rule out certain lines.

The Game of the Century between Donald Byrne and 13-year old Bobby Fischer on October 17, 1956, featured this opening, although arriving in the Grünfeld via a transposition of moves ( using 1. Nf3 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 Bg7 4. d4 0-0 5. Bf4 d5 ).

It was generally thought that an early Nf3 was weak in the Exchange Variation because it allowed Black too much pressure on the centre with ... Bg4.

Joe Gallagher writes that 3. Nf3 Nc6 " has never really caught on, probably because it does nothing to address Black's immediate problems.

6. Nb3 and 6. Nf3 can be well met by 6 ... Bb4, threatening to win White's pawn on e4.

For example, 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 ( or 2. Nf3 ) c5 is a Symmetrical Defense even though Black played ... c5 on move two.

In the following game, using the " hedgehog " formation he in part originated ( characterized by a half-open c-file and pawns on a6, b6, d6, and e6, knights on d7 and f6, bishops on b7 and e7, a rook on c8, and kingside castling ), Andersson inflicts upon Anatoly Karpov the latter's first loss as world champion: Karpov – Andersson, Milan 1975 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 e6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nc6 5. Nb5 d6 6. c4 Nf6 7. N1c3 a6 8. Na3 Be7 9. Be2 0-0 10. 0-0 b6 11. Be3 Bb7 12. Rc1 Re8 13. Qb3 Nd7 14. Rfd1 Rc8 15. Rd2 Qc7 16. Qd1 Qb8 17. f3 Ba8 18. Qf1 Nce5 19. Nab1 Nf6 20. Kh1 h6 21. Rdd1 Bf8 22. Nd2 Rcd8 23. Qf2 Ned7 24. a3 d5 25. cxd5 exd5 26. exd5 Bd6 27. Nf1 Rxe3 ( an exchange sacrifice ) 28. Nxe3 Bxh2 29. Nf1 Bf4 30. Rc2 b5 31. Bd3 Nb6 32. Be4 Nc4 33. a4 Re8 34. axb5 axb5 35. Re2 Be5 36. Qc5 Nd6 37. Na2 Ndxe4 38. fxe4 Bd6 39. Qc2 Re5 40. g3 Qe8 41. Rde1 Bb7 42. Kg1 Nh7 43. Nc1 Ng5 44. Nd2 Bb4 45. Kf2 Bxd2 46. Rxd2 Nxe4 + 47. Rxe4 Rxe4 48. Ne2 Bc8 49. Nc3 Re1 50. Ne2 Ra1 51. Rd4 Qd8 52. Qc6 Bd7 53. Qd6 Qe8 54. Qf4 Qc8 55. b4 Bh3 56. Qe4 Bf5 57. Qe3 Qc2 58. g4 Bd7 59. Qe4 Qb3 60. Qd3 Qb2 61. Qe4 Ra8 62. Qe3 Ra2 63. d6 Ra8 64. Re4 Bc6 65. Qd4 Qb1 66. Re7 Qh1 67. Qf4 Qg2 + 68. Ke1 Ra1 + 69. Kd2 Qd5 + 70. Qd4 Ra2 + 71. Kc3 Qf3 + 72. Re3 Ra3 + 73. Kd2 Ra2 + 74. Ke1 Qh1 + 75. Kf2 Qg2 + 76. Ke1 Qh1 + 77. Kf2 Ra1 78. Rc3 Qg2 + 79. Ke3 Qf3 + 0 – 1