And a solemn diploma from Christ Church, Canterbury dated 873 is so poorly constructed and written that historian Nicholas Brooks posited a scribe who was either so blind he could not read what he wrote or who knew little or no Latin.

* Santa Claus also known as Saint Nicholas, Father Christmas and simply " Santa ", is a figure with legendary, mythical, historical and folkloric origins who, in many western cultures, is said to bring gifts to the homes of the good children during the late evening and overnight hours of Christmas Eve, December 24.

In 2007, Geoffrey Robertson QC alleged that Phillip's remains are no longer in St Nicholas Church, Bathampton and have been lost: "... Captain Arthur Phillip is not where the ledger stone says he is: it may be that he is buried somewhere outside, it may simply be that he is simply lost.

The title of Nicholas Blake's 1949 detective novel Head of a Traveller is a quotation from Housman's parody Fragment of a Greek Tragedy.

There is a sizeable single storey Masonic Hall in St Nicholas Street, which is home to no less than seven Masonic bodies.

The Christmas ceremony is accompanied by a reading of A Visit From St. Nicholas by Clement Clarke Moore and Yes, Virginia, There is a Santa Claus by Francis Pharcellus Church.

Unlike in many other Christian countries, St. Nicholas does not play a major role in Polish Christmas, but instead, is celebrated on his Saint feast day of December 6.

On the night of Christmas Eve, so important is the appearance of the first star in remembrance of the Star of Bethlehem, that it has been given an affectionate name of " the little star " or Gwiazdka ( the female counterpart of St. Nicholas ).

In 2011, Nicholas V. Cozzi, of the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, concluded that INMT, an enzyme that may be associated with the biosynthesis of DMT and endogenous hallucinogens, is present in the human pineal gland, retinal ganglion neurons, spinal cord, and central nervous tissues.

A bronze statue to mark the centenary of Thomas ' birth, by Welsh sculptor Peter Nicholas, is planned for 2014.

:: Another example of Nomad's power is illustrated by Nicholas Rawlings in his comments for the Computer History Museum about NCSS ( see citation below ).

It is known to exist in northern Saudi Arabia, southern Jordan, northern Iraq ( Kurdistan ), and Nicholas Birch of the The Christian Science Monitor claims there is circumstantial evidence for its existence in Syria, western Iran, and southern Turkey.

A date of c. 1540 is suggested from two portraits: one a miniature painted by Nicholas Hilliard in 1581 when he was allegedly 42, the other painted in 1594 when he was said to be 53.

The Pirate gave full rein to Kelly's athleticism and is probably best remembered for Kelly's work with The Nicholas Brothers – the leading African-American dancers of their day – in a virtuoso dance routine.

Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin ( ) ( – ) was a Russian Orthodox Christian and mystic who is perceived as having influenced the latter days of the Russian Emperor Nicholas II, his wife Alexandra, and their only son, Alexei.

According to Nicholas de Lange, Judaism offers no clear teaching about the destiny which lies in wait for the individual after death and its attitude to life after death has been expressed as follows: " For the future is inscrutable, and the accepted sources of knowledge, whether experience, or reason, or revelation, offer no clear guidance about what is to come.

Historian Nicholas Rogers, exploring the origins of Halloween, notes that while " some folklorists have detected its origins in the Roman feast of Pomona, the goddess of fruits and seeds, or in the festival of the dead called Parentalia, it is more typically linked to the Celtic festival of Samhain, derived from the Old Irish Samuin meaning " summer's end ".

In smaller, more isolated villages, the character has other beastly companions, such as the antlered “ wild man ” figures, and St. Nicholas is nowhere to be seen.

Among them will be Marc Shoettle, Ben Shahn, Nicholas Marsicano, Alfred Van Loen and Milton Avery.

When US troops withdew from Grenada in December 1983 Nicholas Braithwaite of the National Democratic Congress was appointed Prime Minister of an interim administration by the Governor General Sir Paul Scoon until elections could be organised.

Holt's son Nicholas Holt said that after 37 years there were few surviving witnesses and no new evidence would be presented.

In 1831 Nicholas crushed a major uprising in Congress Poland ; it would be followed by another large-scale Polish and Lithuanian revolt in 1863.

According to the what economist Nicholas Barr describes as the " classical definition of income :" the 1938 Haig-Simons definition, " income may be defined as the ... sum of ( 1 ) the market value of rights exercised in consumption and ( 2 ) the change in the value of the store of property rights ..." Since the consumption potential of non-monetary goods, such as leisure, cannot be measured, monetary income may be thought of as a proxy for full income.

" After the paper published an article strongly criticising the monarchy in Russia, the Russian Tsar Nicholas I, an ally of the Prussian monarchy, requested that the Rheinische Zeitung be banned.

Oxford University geographer Nicholas Howarth believes that ' Evans ’ s hypothesis that the palace of Knossos is also the Labyrinth must be treated skeptically.

In the 16th century, Onofrio Panvinio attributed the biographies after Damasus until Pope Nicholas I ( 858 – 867 ) to Anastasius Bibliothecarius ; Anastasius continued to be cited as the author into the 17th century, although this attribution was disputed by the scholarship of Caesar Baronius, Ciampini, Schelstrate and others.

Michael Neill, editor of the Oxford Shakespeare edition, notes that the earliest critical references to Othello's colour, ( Thomas Rymer's 1693 critique of the play, and the 1709 engraving in Nicholas Rowe's edition of Shakespeare ), assume him to be Sub-Saharan, while the earliest known North African interpretation was not until Edmund Kean's production of 1814.

* Sir Nicholas Shackleton ( 1937 – 2006 ), who demonstrated that oscillations in climate over the past few million years could be correlated with variations in the orbital and positional relationship between the Earth and the Sun.

The Man who Counts, Nicholas van Rijn is " The Man " because he is prepared to be tyrannical and callously manipulative so that he and his companions can survive.

Nicholas himself, however, was refused admission to the monastery, being told by the abbot to " wait to go on with his schooling so that he might be considered more suitable " ( Abbey chronicles ).

Stephen IX died at Florence on 29 March 1058 and is considered by the current-day Roman Catholic Church to have been succeeded by Pope Nicholas II, though others consider his successor to be Pope Benedict X, officially regarded as an antipope.

In December, a small group of nobles assassinated Rasputin and in January 1917 the Tsar's uncle, Grand Duke Nicholas, was asked indirectly by Prince Lvov whether he would be prepared to take over the throne from his nephew, Tsar Nicholas II.

Pope Gregory IX considered, but did not put into effect, the idea of extending this missal, as revised by the Franciscans, to the whole Western Church ; and in 1277 Pope Nicholas III ordered it to be accepted in all churches in the city of Rome.

Unready to inherit the throne, Nicholas reputedly said, " I am not ready to be Tsar ...." Though an intelligent and kind-hearted man, lacking any preparation to rule, he continued his father's harsh polices.

" Former American Psychological Association President Dr. Nicholas Cummings was the Keynote Speaker at the 2011 NARTH Conference and said that he had a " high regard " for NARTH and considered it an honor to be invited to speak at NARTH's scientific gathering.

In September 2012, she will be featured in a campaign called " 30 Songs / 30 Days " to support Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide, a multi-platform media project inspired by Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn ’ s book.

Various linguists have seen these North Eurasian languages as part of: < ul >< li > a Ural – Altaic language family ( popular until 1960s )</ li >< li > a Uralic and an Altaic family ( Anna V. Dybo | Dybo, Roy Andrew Miller | Miller, Nicholas Poppe | Poppe )</ li >< li > separate Uralic, Turkic languages | Turkic and Mongolian language | Mongolian families ( Gerard Clauson | Clauson, Gerhard Doerfer | Doerfer, Stefan Georg | Georg )</ li >< li > a Eurasiatic or Nostratic macrofamily ( Joseph Greenberg | Greenberg, Sergei Starostin | Starostin, Allan Bomhard | Bomhard )</ li ></ ul >

Of particular note is the Plaza de San Nicolas ( Plaza of St Nicholas ) from where a stunning view of the Alhambra can be seen.

Wrath of Khan director and writer Nicholas Meyer, who had never seen an episode of Star Trek before he was assigned to direct, focused on the " Hornblower in outer space " atmosphere, unaware it was an influence on the show.

The industrial revolution led to the increasing mechanisation of warfare, as well as rapid advances in the development of firearms ; the increased potential of devastation ( which was seen in the battlefields of World War I ) led to Tsar Nicholas II of Russia calling together the leaders of 26 nations for the First Hague Conference in 1899.

Nicholas was seen in the East as trying to extend his papal power beyond what was the canonical authority asserting a " rulership " over the Church instead of the position of " highest honor among equals " accorded to the pope of Rome by the East.

Boats of the Bristol Ferry Boat Company are moored in the foreground, and the spires of St Nicholas, Bristol | St Nicholas, All Saints ' Church, Bristol | All Saints ' and St Mary le Port Church, Bristol | St Mary le Port churches can be seen in the distance.

He was buried in the church of St Nicholas, where an inscription to his memory is still to be seen.

As the performance was mimed instrumentally using the studio recording ( excluding the lead vocals which Grant Nicholas sang live ), Tidey was seen pretending to play along to bass parts not even recorded by him as well as miming along to Grant Nicholas's voice on the recording when it came to backing vocals, therefore fooling the audience into thinking that was his singing voice.

The cross can now be seen in the nave of St. Nicholas ' Church at High Bradfield.

Fleming later changed the title after being told of a nineteenth-century sailing novel called On Her Majesty's Secret Service, seen by Fleming's friend Nicholas Henderson in Portobello Road Market.

Next to St Nicholas the Półkozic crest is seen which was the arms of the Ligęza Family, the former owners of Chrzanów.

Nicholas is explaining to John that he has seen this disaster because God came to him.

The building itself has seen many changes ; parts of the existing church have survived from medieval times, such as the 15th century tower and some of the nave arcading, and the early 16th century Bishop West Chapel, built by Bishop Nicholas West.

Nicholas de Jongh, drama correspondent of The Guardian, wrote that the play was ‘… degraded into a cheap grotesque pantomime ’, adding that, ‘ the late appearance from the dancing Cloggies underlined the cheapness of the conception .’ This was seen by the lads as a complete vindication of all they had stood for.

In Memory Alone, the third film, found the Stranger and Miss Brown stranded without their mysterious transport ( never seen or referred to as the TARDIS ) in a desolate train station with amnesia, and battling a robot and a mysterious man played by Nicholas Briggs ( who also wrote the film along with others in the Stranger series ).

For the scholars of the King's Hall were what we should call fellows, as may be seen by the appointment to the hall on 3 April 1360 of Nicholas of Drayton, B. C. L., and John Kent, B. A., instead of two scholars who had gone off to the French wars without the warden's leave ( Cal.

At the age of 14, singer and guitarist Grant Nicholas joined a band called ' Sweet Leaf ', named after a Black Sabbath song, who were the first band he had seen play live.

As Russian troops carried out a violent intervention against the rebellion, a deputy in the Sejm lamented that Poland was perishing without having even seen a French courier ; the minister responded to similar accusations at home by stating that France was determined not to raise the anger of Emperor Nicholas.

Nicholas can currently be seen as a recurring detective on the updated Melrose Place trying to uncover who murdered Sydney Andrews.

Several fortresses, remnants of the Renaissance era ( which includes St. Nicholas Fortress ) can be seen surrounding the city.

The appearance of the formal and private rooms of the palace during Nicholas ' reign can be seen in exquisite watercolors by E. Hau, I. Premazzi and I. Volsky from 1840-1860.

Gove is seen as part of an influential set of young up-and-coming Tories, sometimes referred to as the ' Notting Hill Set ', which includes David Cameron, George Osborne, Edward Vaizey, Nicholas Boles and Rachel Whetstone.