# REDIRECT Nicolaus Copernicus

In physical cosmology, the Copernican principle, named after Nicolaus Copernicus, states that the Earth is not in a central, specially favored position.

* 1473 – Nicolaus Copernicus, mathematician and astronomer ( d. 1543 )

* 1543: Nicolaus Copernicus.

In 1543, astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus from Toruń ( Thorn ) published his work De revolutionibus orbium coelestium and became the first person to formulate a comprehensive heliocentric cosmology that displaced the Earth from the center of the universe.

File: Nikolaus Kopernikus. jpg | Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473 – 1543 )

Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus remembered for his development of the heliocentricism | heliocentric model of the Solar System

A great breakthrough in astronomy was made by Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473 – 1543 ), who proposed in 1543 the heliocentric model of the solar system.

Galileo, however, felt that the descriptive content of the technical disciplines warranted philosophical interest, particularly because mathematical analysis of astronomical observations — notably the radical analysis offered by astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus concerning the relative motions of the Sun, Earth, Moon, and planets — indicated that philosophers ' statements about the nature of the universe could be shown to be in error.

Kepler's laws and his analysis of the observations on which they were based, the assertion that the Earth orbited the Sun, proof that the planets ' speeds varied, and use of elliptical orbits rather than circular orbits with epicycles — challenged the long-accepted geocentric models of Aristotle and Ptolemy, and generally supported the heliocentric theory of Nicolaus Copernicus ( although Kepler's ellipses likewise did away with Copernicus's circular orbits and epicycles ).

Nicolaus Copernicus and Karol Wojtyła ( Pope John Paul II ) graduated from it.

# REDIRECT Nicolaus Copernicus

File: Nikolaus Kopernikus. jpg | Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473-1543 ): published De revolutionibus orbium coelestium ( On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres ) in 1543-often considered the starting point of modern astronomy-in which he argued that the Earth and the other planets revolved around the Sun ( heliocentrism )

In the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus advanced the ideas of heliocentrism, recognizing the Sun as the centre of the Solar System.

The concept emerged from the numerous great thinkers of that era who excelled in multiple fields of the arts and science, including Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Galileo Galilei, Nicolaus Copernicus, and Francis Bacon.

Later Nicolaus Copernicus would refer to this book as an influence on his own work.

Many of these early polymaths were also religious priests and theologians: for example, Alhazen and al-Biruni were mutakallimiin ; the physician Avicenna was a hafiz ; the physician Ibn al-Nafis was a hafiz, muhaddith and ulema ; the botanist Otto Brunfels was a theologian and historian of Protestantism ; the astronomer and physician Nicolaus Copernicus was a priest.

Despite some challenges to religious views, however, many notable figures of the scientific revolution — including Nicolaus Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, Francis Bacon, René Descartes, Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz — remained devout in their faith.

Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473 – 1543 ), Kepler ( 1571 – 1630 ), Newton ( 1642 – 1727 ) and Galileo Galilei ( 1564 – 1642 ) all traced different ancient and medieval ancestries for the heliocentric system.

The geocentric model was nearly universally accepted until 1543 when Nicolaus Copernicus published his book entitled De revolutionibus orbium coelestium and was widely accepted into the next century.

* Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473 – 1543 ) published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres in 1543, which advanced the heliocentric theory of cosmology.

The medieval old town of Toruń is the birthplace of the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus.

In September 2004, Bydgoszcz Medical School joined Toruń's Nicolaus Copernicus University as its Collegium Medicum.

The founding of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in 1945 was significant.

Nicolaus Rohlfs was an 18th century German mathematics teacher ( arithmeticus ) in Buxtehude and Hamburg who wrote astronomical calendars, a book about gardening, and other treatises that were continued by Matthias Rohlfs.

Nicholas of Lyra () ( c. 1270 – October 1349 ), or Nicolaus Lyranus, a Franciscan teacher, was among the most influential practitioners of Biblical exegesis in the Middle Ages.

Muhlenberg was born in 1711 at Einbeck, to Nicolaus Melchior Mühlenberg and Anna Maria Kleinschmid in the German state of Hanover.

Poland ; Nicolaus Copernicus, Maria Skłodowska-Curie, Ignacy Łukasiewicz, Rudolf Weigl.

Eleonora Maria Jauch's ( 1732 – 1797 ) father-in-law was the dean of Bardowick Kaspar Nicolaus Overbeck, in whose foster-parental home August Hermann Francke 1687 had been guest when he experienced his so-called " Lüneburg conversion " ( Lüneburger Bekehrung ), making him one of the earliest leaders of Pietism.

Eleonora Maria Jauch ( 1732 – 1797 ), daughter of The Very Reverend and vice-dean of the cathedral of Bardowick Johann Christian Jauch ( 1702 – 1788 ), married Georg Christian Overbeck ( 1713 – 1786 ), lawyer at Lübeck and son of the dean Caspar Nicolaus Overbeck.

da: Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted

da: Nicolaus Steno

da: Nicolaus Bruhns

da: Nicolaus Nissen

da: Nicolaus Mercator

da: Nicolaus af Autrecourt

Nicholas of Kues ( 1401 – August 11, 1464 ), also referred to as Nicolaus Cusanus and Nicholas of Cusa, was a cardinal of the Catholic Church from Germany ( Holy Roman Empire ), a philosopher, theologian, jurist, mathematician, and an astronomer.

The first two comprise entirely his Syntagma philosophicum ; the third contains his critical writings on Epicurus, Aristotle, Descartes, Robert Fludd and Herbert of Cherbury, with some occasional pieces on certain problems of physics ; the fourth, his Institutio astronomica, and his Commentarii de rebus celestibus ; the fifth, his commentary on the tenth book of Diogenes Laërtius, the biographies of Epicurus, Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, Tycho Brahe, Nicolaus Copernicus, Georg von Peuerbach, and Regiomontanus, with some tracts on the value of ancient money, on the Roman calendar, and on the theory of music, with an appended large and prolix piece entitled Notitia ecclesiae Diniensis ; the sixth volume contains his correspondence.

However, the law had been stated forty years earlier by Nicolaus Copernicus.

One such came from Nicolaus of Damascus, the court historian for Herod, who wrote that Herod ’ s ancestors were among the historical elite in Jerusalem who had been taken by King Nebuchadnezzar into Babylonian captivity in the sixth century BCE.

Probably the best-known action was the removal of a German-language plaque that had been attached by the Germans to the Nicolaus Copernicus Monument in Warsaw, claiming the astronomer for the German nation.

He wrote a Life of Augustus ( Bios Kaisaros ), which seems to have been completed after the death of the emperor in AD 14, when Nicolaus was 78.

Hypotheses have been put forward in the literature ( for example H. Musielak ) linking the identity of Mikołaj with any person in the sources with that name ( e. g. „ Nicolaus clavicembalista dominae reginae Poloniae ” from 1422, „ Nicolaus Geraldi de Radom ”, who studied in Kraków, where he gained his Master ’ s degree, and in the years 1389 – 91 was named in the Vatican acts as a spiritual person born in Radom and linked with the Kraków diocese, a few Mikołajs from Radom studying in the Kraków Academy in the years 1420, 1426 and others, a few signed in manuscripts from the second half of the XIV century and the second half of the XV century from the Jagiellonian Library and the psaltery of the Wawel Cathedral in 1460 ) but have not been confirmed to date.