Countries where ASL or a derivative of ASL is the national or a widespread language include Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana ( with BSL ), Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, the Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d ' Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Kenya ( minority use ), Liberia, Madagascar ( minority use ), Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Philippines ( L2 use ), Puerto Rico, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Trinidad and Tobago, Togo, and Zimbabwe ( with ZSL ).

Recent linguistic research suggests that all of Africa's major language groupings south of the Sahara Desert ( except Khoisan, which is not considered a valid genetic grouping anyway ), i. e. the Afro-Asiatic, Nilo-Saharan and Niger – Congo phyla, originated in prehistoric times in a narrow band between Lake Chad and the Nile Valley.

Once a huge inland sea ( the Pale-Chadian Sea ) whose only remnant is shallow Lake Chad, this vast depression extends west into Nigeria and Niger.

Links with Niger, north of Lake Chad, are practically nonexistent ; it is easier to reach Niger via Cameroon and Nigeria.

Delimitation of international boundaries in the vicinity of Lake Chad, the lack of which led to border incidents in the past, is complete and awaits ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria ; dispute with Nigeria over land and maritime boundaries around the Bakasi Peninsula and Lake Chad is currently before the ICJ, as is a dispute with Equatorial Guinea over the exclusive maritime economic zone.

He is also accredited to: Libya, Chad, Central Africa Republic, and Niger

* G. c. peralta, commonly known as the West African, Niger or Nigerian giraffe, is endemic to south-western Niger.

Once Niger was neutralised however, Severus turned on his ally in Britannia — though it is likely that Albinus saw he would be the next target and was already preparing for war.

Traditionally, the Yoruba people viewed themselves as the inhabitants of a united empire, in contrast to the situation today, in which " Yoruba " is the cultural-linguistic designation for speakers of a language in the Niger – Congo family.

Native speakers of Hausa, the Hausa people are mostly to be found in Niger and in the north of Nigeria, but the language is used as a trade language across a much larger swathe of West Africa ( Benin, Ghana, Cameroon, Togo, Côte d ' Ivoire etc.

This link between non-tonality and geographic location is not limited to Hausa alone, but is exhibited in other northern dialects of neighbouring languages ; such as the difference within Songhay language ( between the northernmost Koyra Chiini and Koyraboro Senni dialects of Timbuktu and Gao, and the Zarma dialect, spoken from western Niger to northern Ghana ), and within the Soninke language ( between the northernmost dialects of Imraguen and Nemadi spoken in east-central Mauritania, and the southern dialects of Senegal, Mali and the sahel ).

Hausa is also spoken various parts of Cameroon and Chad, which combined the mixed dialects of Northern Nigeria and Niger Republic, French has made a great influence in the way Hausa is spoken by the native Hausa speakers.

By way of comparison, the Niger – Congo family is said to have some 1, 500 languages.

Roger Blench ( 1995 ) suggests Niger – Congo is a subfamily of Nilo-Saharan.

Today the Kadu family is excluded, and the others usually included in Niger – Congo proper.

During this time, flooding of the Niger River is common, creating the Inner Niger Delta.

Mali has no seaports because it is landlocked, but Koulikoro on the Niger River near Bamako, serves as a principal river port.

What is now Mauritania was a dry savanna area during classical antiquity, where independent tribes like the Pharusii and the Perorsi ( and the Nigritae near the Niger river ) did a seminomadic life facing a growing desertification.

The signatory states that have not finished their ratification procedures are: Peru, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil, Senegal, Ivory Coast, Niger, Angola, DR Congo, Madagascar, Pakistan, Holy See, Poland.

This would mean the government of Niger would carry out scheduled parliamentary elections in September, two months early, and a referendum on a new constitution before Presidential elections which can take place no later than December, assuming the 1999 constitution is in effect.

With the Intertropical Convergence Zone ( ITCZ ) swinging northward over West Africa from the Southern Hemisphere in April, heavy showers coming from pre-monsoonal convective clouds mainly in the form of squall lines also known as the north easterlies formed mainly as a result of the interactions of the two dominant airmasses in Nigeria known as the Maritime tropical ( south westerlies ) and the Continental tropical ( north easterlies ), begins in central Nigeria while the Monsoons from the south atlantic ocean arrives in central Nigeria in July bringing with it high humidity, heavy cloud cover and heavy rainfall which can be daily occurrence lasting till September when the monsoons gradually begin retreating southward to the southern part of Nigeria. Rainfall totals in central Nigeria varies from in the lowlands of the river Niger Benue trough to over along the south western escarpment of the Jos Plateau.

Like the Nile, the Niger floods yearly ; this begins in September, peaks in November, and finishes by May.

In September 2009, the Nigerian government commenced a 36 billion naira dredging of the Niger River from Baro to Warri, a move which will see silt removed from several hundred miles.

Critics have also questioned the validity of the war's stated objectives, such as a supposed link between the country's Ba ' athist government and the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States, and its possession of weapons of mass destruction " certified " by the Niger uranium forgeries.

This would mean the government of Niger would carry out scheduled parliamentary elections in September, two months early, and a referendum on a new constitution before presidential elections which can take place no later than December, assuming the 1999 constitution is in effect.

Daouda Malam Wanké ( born 1946 or 1954-died September 15, 2004 ) was a military and political leader in Niger.

Far more officially, Nicolo Pollari, chief of SISMI, brought the Niger yellowcake story directly to the White House, meeting secretly in Washington on September 9, 2002, with then – Deputy National Security Advisor Stephen Hadley.

Specifically, CIA director George Tenet and United States Secretary of State Colin Powell both cited attempts by Hussein to obtain uranium from Niger in their September testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.

Claudius Clavus ( Suartho ) also known as Nicholas Niger, (), ( September 14, 1388 -?

This meant that the original expedition had now accomplished all its main aims: surveying the lands of Northern Nigeria and Niger ( contributing to a clearer Franco-British delimitation of the colonial borders ), uniting with the Foureau-Lamy mission and destroying Rabih's empire, which permitted the institution in September by the French government of the Military territory of Chad.

In the book Hubris: The Inside Story of Spin, Scandal, and the Selling of the Iraq War by Michael Isikoff and David Corn, as Corn observes ( before its release on September 8, 2006 ), they consider the issue of " whether Valerie Wilson had sent her husband to Niger to check out an intelligence report that Iraq had sought uranium there ," presenting " new information undermining the charge that she arranged this trip.

* 8766 Niger, a Main-belt asteroid discovered on September 29, 1973

In a series of articles published between 1949 and 1954, he argued that Westermann's ' West Sudanic ' and Bantu formed a single genetic family, which he named Niger – Congo ; that Bantu constituted a subgroup of the Benue – Congo branch ; that Adamawa – Eastern, previously not considered to be related, was another member of this family ; and that Fula belonged to the West Atlantic languages.

By 1950, Rouch had made the first films set in Niger with au pays des mages noirs ( 1947 ), l ' initiation à la danse des possédés ( 1948 ) and Les magiciens de Wanzarbé ( 1949 ), all of which documented the spirit possession rituals of the Songhai, Zarma, and Sorko peoples living along the Niger river.

Joseph Charles Wilson IV ( born November 6, 1949 ) is a former United States diplomat best known for his 2002 trip to Niger to investigate allegations that Saddam Hussein was attempting to purchase yellowcake uranium ; his New York Times op-ed piece, " What I Didn't Find in Africa "; and the subsequent " outing " of his wife Valerie Plame as a CIA agent.

The Convention which created the Agency for Cultural and Technical Co-operation ( Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique ) was signed on March 20, 1970 by the representatives of the 21 states and governments under the influence of African Heads of State, Léopold Sédar Senghor of Senegal, Habib Bourguiba of Tunisia, Hamani Diori of Niger and Prince Norodom Sihanouk.

( These enzyme preparations appear on today's feed tags as fermentation extracts of Bacillus subtilis, Apergillus orzae, Niger, and Flavus.

* Easternmost point – unnamed location on the border with Niger, Est Region

The Songhai people are descended from fishermen on the Middle Niger River.

The Igbo lived east of the delta ( but with the Anioma on the west of the Niger River ).

Six other Libyans were put on trial in absentia for the 1989 bombing of UTA Flight 772 over Chad and Niger.

Mali borders Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and Côte d ' Ivoire on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west.

Mali consists of eight regions and its borders on the north reach deep into the middle of the Sahara, while the country's southern part, where the majority of inhabitants live, features the Niger and Sénégal rivers.

The Mali Empire later formed on the upper Niger River, and reached the height of power in the 14th century.

A pirogue carrying two passengers on the river Niger at Gao in Mali

The Kankou Moussa river ferry on the Niger river at Korioume, 2008

They live as far upriver on the Niger River as Gao, Mali.

In the extreme south there is a tropical climate on the edges of the Niger River Basin.

" His spokesman then outlined a plan in which a referendum could be held in mid 2009, not to amend the 1999 constitution, but to scrap it and begin work on a constitution of the Sixth Republic of Niger, which would contain no term limits for the President, and create a fully Presidential republic.

According to the 1999 Constitution of Niger, the President may call a referendum on any matter ( except for a revision of those elements of the Constitution outlined in Article 136 — including the presidential term limits ).

The Impact of Cell Phones on Grain Markets in Niger.

Horsecarts are a common sight on Niger's roads, like these near Diffa in far southeastern Niger.

Vehicles in Niger are subject to the " Laws of the Road " (" Code de la route ") for which the government began a continuing reform in 2004-2006 and is based substantially on French models.