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Nikephoros was the author of an extant treatise on military tactics, most famously the Praecepta Militaria which contains valuable information concerning the art of war in his time, and the less-known On Skirmishing ( Περί Παραδρομής in the original Greek ), which concerned guerilla-like tactics for defence against a superior enemy invasion force — though it is likely that this latter work, at least, was not composed by the Emperor but rather for him: translator and editor George T. Denis suggests that it was perhaps written by his brother Leo Phokas, then Domestic of the West.
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Nikephoros and was
Under Michael VII Doukas Parapinakes ( 1071 – 1078 ) and Nikephoros III Botaneiates ( 1078 – 1081 ), he was also employed, along with his elder brother Isaac, against rebels in Asia Minor, Thrace, and in Epirus.
In 1078, he was appointed commander of the field army in the West by Nikephoros III.
Alexios was ordered to march against his brother-in-law Nikephoros Melissenos in Asia Minor but refused to fight his kinsman.
While the Byzantine troops were assembling for the expedition, Alexios was approached by the Doukas faction at court, who convinced him to join a conspiracy against Nikephoros III.
First married to Michael VII Doukas and secondly to Nikephoros III Botaneiates, she was preoccupied with the future of her son by Michael VII, Constantine Doukas.
Nikephoros III Botaneiates was forced into a public vow that he would grant protection to the family.
During this time, Alexios was rumored to be the lover of Empress Maria of Alania, the daughter of King Bagrat IV of Georgia, who had been successively married to Michael VII Doukas and his successor Nikephoros III Botaneiates, renowned for her beauty.
This measure, which was intended to diminish opposition, was paralleled by the introduction of new courtly dignities, like that of panhypersebastos given to Nikephoros Bryennios, or that of sebastokrator given to the emperor's brother Isaac Komnenos.
By the time of the Byzantine Iconoclasm several centuries later, Eusebius had unfairly gained the reputation of having been an Arian, and was roundly condemned as such by Patriarch Nikephoros I of Constantinople.
Although both Leo VI and Nikephoros Phokas claim that the substance used in the cheirosiphōnes was the same as in the static devices used on ships, they were manifestly different from their larger cousins.
An unwise reference by the pope to Nikephoros II Phokas, the ruler in Constantinople, as " Greek " in a letter while Otto's ambassador, Liudprand of Cremona, was in the Byzantine court, had destroyed the first round of negotiations.
Theophanu was nevertheless of distinguished noble heritage: recent research has established her as the daughter of Sophia Phokaina, Tzimiskes ' cousin and niece of Nikephoros II, and of Tzimiskes ' brother-in-law ( from his first marriage ) Constantine Skleros.
After his retirement in 1779, he was replaced by another Greek theologian, Nikephoros Theotokis.
It appears likely that Platon at this time put forth Theodore's name, but Nikephoros, a layman who held the rank asekretis in the imperial bureaucracy, was chosen instead.
In 806, the Patriarch Nikephoros convened a synod to address the case, at which Theodore was present.
The priest Joseph was once more defrocked, and Theodore was, at least superficially, reconciled with the Patriarch Nikephoros.
Leo held fast by his plan to revive iconoclasm, and in March 815 the Patrarch Nikephoros was stripped of his office and exiled to Bithynia.
St. Nikephoros I or Nicephorus I ( Greek: Νικηφόρος Α ΄, Nikēphoros I ), ( c. 758 – April 5, 828 ) was a Christian Byzantine writer and Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from April 12, 806, to March 13, 815.
Nikephoros at first replied to his removal from his office by excommunication, but was at last obliged to yield to force, and was taken to one of the cloisters he had founded, Tou Agathou, and later to that called Tou Hagiou Theodorou.
Nikephoros was murdered in 969 by his nephew John I Tzimisces, who then became emperor and reigned for seven years.
The chief motive of these men, both of whom were experienced generals, was that they wished to assume the Imperial position that Nikephoros II and John I had held, and thus return Basil to the role of impotent cypher.
On 29 July 1014, Basil II and his general Nikephoros Xiphias outmanoeuvred the Bulgarian army, which was defending one of the fortified passes, in the Battle of Kleidion.
Nikephoros and author
* Nikephoros I of Constantinople, Byzantine writer and patriarch, 758-828, author of the Stichometry and other works
He was the author of a chronicle or historical synopsis of events from the creation of the world to the end of the reign of Nikephoros Botaneiates ( 1081 ), sponsored by Irene Komnene, the emperor's sister-in-law.
Nikephoros and on
In this capacity, Alexios defeated the rebellions of Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder ( whose son or grandson later married Alexios ' daughter Anna ) and Nikephoros Basilakes, the first at the Battle of Kalavrye and the latter in a surprise night attack on his camp.
* Nikephoros II Phokas is proclaimed emperor by his troops in Caesarea on 2 July.
The selection of Nikephoros gave rise to an immediate protest on the part of the Studites, and in particular Theodore and Platon, who objected to the elevation of a layman to the patriarchal throne.
* Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder, Byzantine general who made an attempt on the throne of Michael VII Doukas in 1077 – 1078
The turning of the tide of the conflict occurred in 996 when the Byzantine general Nikephoros Ouranos inflicted a crushing defeat on a raiding Bulgarian army at a battle on the River Spercheios ( Sperchius ) in Thessaly.
Nikephoros embarked on a general reorganization of the Empire, creating new themes in the Balkans ( where he initiated the re-Hellenization by resettling Greeks from Anatolia ) and strengthening the frontiers.
Unable to counter the Muslim numbers, Nikephoros agreed to make peace on condition of paying 50, 000 nomismata immediately and a yearly tribute of 30, 000 nomismata.
With a succession struggle enveloping the caliphate on the death of Hārūn al-Rashīd in 809, Nikephoros was free to deal with Krum, Khan of Bulgaria, who was harassing his northern frontiers and had just conquered Serdica ( Sofia ).
In 811 Nikephoros invaded Bulgaria, defeated Krum twice, and sacked the Bulgarian capital Pliska ; however, during Nikephoros ' retreat, the Byzantine army was ambushed and destroyed in the mountain passes on July 26 by Krum.
When his father, Bardas was wounded in battle in 953, Nikephoros was promoted to supreme commander on the eastern frontier.
With the help of Theophano and the patriarch, Nikephoros Phokas received supreme command of the eastern forces and, after being proclaimed Emperor by them on 2 July 963, he marched upon the capital, where meanwhile his partisans had overthrown his enemy Bringas.
Thanks to his popularity with the army, Nikephoros II Phokas was crowned emperor by the side of Romanos's young sons on 16 August 963, and in spite of the patriarch's opposition married their mother, the regent Theophano.
Liutprand's description of Nikephoros was clouded by the fact that he was ill-treated while on a diplomatic mission to Constantinople.
Nikephoros was also a very devout man, and helped his friend, the monk Athanasios, found the monastery of Great Lavra on Mount Athos.
Later, when Nikephorus was asleep on the floor before the holy icons, Tzimiskes and the others sneaked into his bed chamber, alarmed at first to find the bed empty ( Nikephoros frequently slept on the floor ).
To solidify his position, on the death of his second wife Nikephoros III sought to marry Eudokia Makrembolitissa, the mother of Michael VII and the widow of Constantine X and Romanos IV.
Consequently, Nikephoros became increasingly dependent on the support of Alexios Komnenos, who successfully defeated the rebellion of Nikephoros Basilakes in the Balkans ( 1079 ) and was charged with containing that of Nikephoros Melissenos in Anatolia ( 1080 ).
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