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Nineveh — where Jonah preached — was the capital of the ancient Assyrian empire, which fell to the Medes in 612 BC.
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Nineveh and —
* 612 BC — An alliance of Medes, Scythians, Neo-Babylonians and Susianians besiege and conquer Nineveh at the Battle of Nineveh.
* 612 BC — Estimation: Babylon, capital of Babylonia becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Nineveh, capital of Assyria.
* 625 BC — Medes and Babylonians assert their independence from Assyria and attack Nineveh ( approximate date ).
* c. 647 BC — Assurbanipal and his Queen in the garden, from the palace at Nineveh ( modern Kuyunjik, Iraq ) is made.
* 704 BC — Sennacherib moves the capital of Assyria to Nineveh.
Under the second Assyrian empire, when Nineveh had become a great centre of trade, Aramaic — the language of commerce and diplomacy — was added to the number of subjects that the educated class was required to learn.
It has generally been assumed by some scholars that Amenhotep requested and received from his father-in-law Tushratta of Mitanni, a statue of Ishtar of Nineveh -- a healing goddess — in order to cure him of his various ailments which included painful abscesses in his teeth.
However, the question of whether Miaphysitism — the actual christology of the Oriental Orthodox Churches ( including the Coptic Orthodox Church )— was a heresy is a question which remains to this day, and other Oriental saints such as Isaac of Nineveh continue to be venerated by the Chalcedonian churches.
Nineveh and where
" The prophet Jonah shows us where God shows concern for the people of Nineveh, while Nahum ’ s writing testifies to his belief in the righteousness / justice of God and how God dealt with those Assyrians in punishment according to " their cruelty " ( Nahum 3: 19 ).
Muhammad asked Addas where he was from and the servant replied Nineveh.
According to scripture, Nineveh was also the place where Sennacherib died at the hands of his two sons, who then fled to the land of ` rrt Urartu.
According to Philostratus ' Life, en route to the Far East, Apollonius reached Hierapolis Bambyce ( Manbij ) in Syria ( not Nineveh, as some scholars believed ), where he met Damis, a native of that city who became his lifelong companion.
In its prime Harran was a major Assyrian city which controlled the point where the road from Damascus joins the highway between Nineveh and Carchemish.
He was sent by the British Museum to Assyria, where he conducted important investigations, especially at Nineveh.
In 609 BC, Nabopolassar took the Assyrian city of Harran, where Assyrian forces had retreated after the fall of Nineveh.
According to a later Aramaic tale on Papyrus 63, Shamash-shum-ukin formally declared war on Ashurbanipal in a letter where he claims that his brother is only the governor of Nineveh and his subject.
Perhaps it was in response to Greek writers mythologising her to the point where she was described as the founder of Babylon, daughter of the Syrian goddess Derketo, and married to Ninus ( the legendary founder of Nineveh, in Greek eyes ).
11 From that land Asshur went forth, where he built Nineveh, Rehoboth-Ir, Calah 12 and Resen, which is between Nineveh and Calah ; that is the great city.
When still quite young, he and his brother entered a monastery, where he gained considerable renown as a teacher and came to the attention of the Catholicos George, who ordained him Bishop of Nineveh far to the north.
In October of the same year he transferred to Nineveh, and also worked at Nimrud, where in February 1855 he found the so-called " Burnt Palace " of the Assyrian king Assurnasirpal II and a hoard of exquisite ivories.
Nineveh and Jonah
It tells the story of a Hebrew prophet named Jonah ben Amittai who is sent by God to prophesy the destruction of Nineveh but tries to escape the divine mission.
While Jonah passively finds himself forced to act under the Divine Will, the people of Nineveh actively petition God to change His mind.
God calls Jonah to proclaim judgment to Nineveh, but Jonah resists and attempts to flee.
After his rescue, Jonah obeys the call to prophesy against Nineveh, and they repent and God forgives them.
In a parallel turnabout, Jonah becomes one of the most effective of all prophets, turning the entire population of Nineveh ( about 120, 000 people ) to God.
Jesus fulfills his role as a type of Jonah, however his generation fails to fulfill its role as a type of Nineveh.
Nineveh repented, but Jesus ' generation, which has seen and heard one even greater than Jonah, fails to repent.
Jonah had already uttered his message of warning, and Nahum was followed by Zephaniah, who also predicted ( Zephaniah 2: 4-15 ) the destruction of the city, predictions which were remarkably fulfilled ( 625 BC ) when Nineveh was destroyed apparently by fire, and the Assyrian empire came to an end, an event which changed the face of Asia.
Ordered by God to go to the city of Nineveh to prophesy against it " for their great wickedness is come up before me ," Jonah seeks instead to flee from " the presence of the Lord " by going to Jaffa and sailing to Tarshish, which, geographically, is in the opposite direction.
God again orders Jonah to visit Nineveh and to prophesy to its inhabitants.
" After Jonah walked for a day across Nineveh, the people of Nineveh began to believe his word and proclaimed a fast.
This concept is developed in the book of Jonah: Jonah, the son of truth, ( The name of his father " Amitai " in Hebrew means truth ,) refuses to ask the people of Nineveh to repent.
Though the Books of Kings and Books of Chronicles talk a great deal about the Assyrian empire, Nineveh itself is not again noticed till the days of Jonah, when it is described ( ff ; ) as an " exceedingly great city of three days journey in breadth ".
The book of Jonah depicts Nineveh as a wicked city worthy of destruction.
To this day, oriental churches of the Middle East commemorate the three days Jonah spent inside the fish during the Fast of Nineveh.
Drawing from his knowledge of the Torah, Fromm pointed to the story of Jonah, who did not wish to save the residents of Nineveh from the consequences of their sin, as demonstrative of his belief that the qualities of care and responsibility are generally absent from most human relationships.
The anger of Jonah ( Yunus ) is also mentioned in the Quran, which led to his departure from the people of Nineveh and his eventual realization of his error and his repentance.
However, Jonah returned to disobedience when he hoped for the destruction of the city of Nineveh.
When the people of Nineveh ( Jonah 3: 5-10 ) heard the preaching of the word of God by Jonah they believed the message and turned unto God.
Nineveh and was
And still others support the idea that the " book of vision " was written shortly before the fall of Nineveh at the hands of the Medes and Babylonians ( 612 BCE ).
Nineveh was a city of vast extent, and was then the center of the civilization and commerce of the world, a " bloody city all full of lies and robbery " ( Nahum 3: 1 ), for it had robbed and plundered all the neighboring nations.
" This is very symbolic showing that Nineveh was known for being a city full of prostitutes.
The collection was dramatically enlarged by the excavations of A. H. Layard at the Assyrian sites of Nimrud and Nineveh between 1845 and 1851.
Layard's work was continued by his assistant, Hormuzd Rassam and in 1852 – 1854 he went on to discover the North Palace of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh with many magnificent reliefs, including the famous Royal Lion Hunt scenes.
However, yet another massive rebellion broke out in the capital Nineveh, and the king was forced to turn back in order to quell the revolt.
The earliest known key-based lock was built during the Assyrian Empire in Khorsabad near Nineveh about 704 BC.
Nineveh (; Akkadian: Ninwe ; ; Nīnewē ; Nineuē ; ; Naynuwa ; Nainavā ) was an ancient Assyrian city on the eastern bank of the Tigris River, and capital of the Neo-Assyrian Empire.
Nineveh was an important junction for commercial routes crossing the Tigris.
Nineveh was one of the oldest and greatest cities in antiquity.
The historic Nineveh is mentioned about 1800 BC as a centre of worship of Ishtar, whose cult was responsible for the city's early importance.
It was Sennacherib who made Nineveh a truly magnificent city ( c. 700 BC ).
From about 616 BC, in a coalition with the Scythians and Cimmerians, they besieged Nineveh, sacking the town in 612 BC, after which it was razed to the ground.
The city is mentioned again in the Battle of Nineveh in 627 AD, which was fought between the Eastern Roman Empire and the Sassanian Empire of Persia near the ancient city.
Nineveh was the flourishing capital of the Assyrian empire (); and ostensibly was the home of King Sennacherib, King of Assyria, during the Biblical reign of King Hezekiah and the prophetic career of Isaiah.
Some works were carried out outside Kouyunjik, for instance on the mound of Nebi Yunus, which was the ancient arsenal of Nineveh, or along the outside walls.
A large battle was fought against the Babylonian rebels at Nippur, their king was captured and in turn taken to Nineveh.
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