Evidence for this is inconclusive – Deci ( 1971 ), and Lepper, Greene and Nisbett ( 1973 ) find support for this argument ; Staw ( 1989 ) suggests other interpretations of the findings.

It has been found that there is a differential attention to social factors between independent peoples and interdependent peoples in both social and nonsocial contexts: Masuda and his colleagues ( 2004 ) in their cartoon figure presentation experiment showed that Japanese's judgments on the target character's facial expression are more influenced by surrounding faces than those of the Americans ; whereas Masuda and Nisbett ( 2001 ) concluded from their underwater scenes animated cartoon experiment that Americans are also more likely than Japanese participants to mark references to focal objects ( i. e. fish ) instead of contexts ( i. e. rocks and plants ).

The devil effect, also known as the reverse halo effect, is when people allow an undesirable trait to influence their evaluation of other traits, such as in Nisbett and Wilson's study on likeable versus unlikeable lecturers.

Lepper is primarily responsible for the elucidation of the overjustification effect, alongside Richard Nisbett.

The King Edward VI Grammar School Corps of Drums is currently led by Drum Major Christopher Nisbett.

Instead, relying on experimental and ethnographic evidence of deeper level mental processes, which are more stable and more reflective of tacit cultural and historical influences, has been what cultural psychology is about ( Kitayama, 2002, Nisbett, 2003 ).

However, proponents of cultural psychology have countered these critics with evidence suggesting that such criticisms are based on an over-emphasis of cross-cultural comparisons of self-reported attitudes and values, which are relatively unstable and ultimately misleading ( Heine, Lehman, Peng, & Greenholtz, 2002 ; Peng, Nisbett, & Wong, 1997 ).

Building on the earlier work of Jones and Nisbett, which suggests people describe the behaviour of others in terms of fixed dispositions while viewing their own behaviour as the dynamic product of complex situational factors, Kammer hypothesized that one's own behaviours are judged to be less consistent ( i. e. not as predictable ) but of higher intensities ( with regard to particular traits ) than the behaviour of others.

He has also collaborated with Richard Nisbett in books on human judgment ( Nisbett & Ross, 1980 ) and the relation between social situations and personality ( i. e. " the person and the situation "; Ross & Nisbett, 1991 ).

Rushton and Jensen have disputed this and argue in a response to Nisbett that a more complete analysis show consistent results for black-white differences on the Flynn effect and g-loadings supporting a genetic role.

She was, moreover passed over for Rosalind in favour of Louisa Cranstoun Nisbett ; this role would later become one of her best-known Shakespearean roles.

In contrast, other researchers such as Richard Nisbett argue that environmental factors can explain all of the average group differences.

* Nisbett, R., and Ross, L. ( 1980 ) Human Inference: Strategies and shortcomings of human judgement.

After over 200 years of adaptations, Shakespeare's original text returned to the stage in 1844 in a Benjamin Webster production, under the direction of J. R. Planché, with Louisa Cranstoun Nisbett as Katherina.

Tullahoma High School Alumni include former NFL QB Steve Matthews, former NFL LB Antonio London, Red Sox draft picks OF Tony Sheffield and 3B Sam Melton, 3rd Overall pick in the 2001 MLB draft Dewon Brazelton, former Giants minor leaguer Gary Phillips, former Mariners minor leaguer Marshall Nisbett, 2006 Dodgers 1st round draft pick Bryan Morris, actress Samantha Burton, star of The Sandlot 2, Don " Fast Hands " Felts, world jacks champion and Lawson Binns Jordan, " The Voice of Tullahoma.

* Nisbett, Richard E., and Dov Cohen.

* Gilovich, T., Keltner, D., & Nisbett, R. E. ( 2006 ).

Nisbett ( 2003 ) suggested that cultural differences in social cognition may stem from the various philosophical traditions of the East ( i. e. Confucianism and Buddhism ) versus the Greek philosophical traditions ( i. e. of Aristotle and Plato ) of the West.

Richard Nisbett of the University of Michigan has described the Hawthorne effect as ' a glorified anecdote ,' saying that ' once you have got the anecdote, you can throw away the data.

# redirect Richard E. Nisbett

" The specific hypothesis of an actor-observer asymmetry in attribution ( explanations of behavior ) was originally proposed by Jones and Nisbett ( 1971 ), when they claimed that " actors tend to attribute the causes of their behavior to stimuli inherent in the situation, while observers tend to attribute behavior to stable dispositions of the actor ” ( p. 93 ).

However, a meta-analysis of all the published tests of the hypothesis between 1971 and 2004 ( Malle, 2006 ) yielded a stunning finding: there was no actor-observer asymmetry of the sort Jones and Nisbett ( 1971 ) had proposed.

The specific hypothesis of an " actor – observer asymmetry " was first proposed by social psychologists Jones and Nisbett in 1971.

Jones and Nisbett hypothesized that these two roles produce asymmetric explanations.

For example, concerning the parameter of per capita income growth, development economist Ha-Joon Chang writes that considering the record of the last two decades the argument for continuing neo-liberal policy prescriptions are " simply untenable.

For example, Hacking writes " And neither the Dutch book argument, nor any other in the personalist arsenal of proofs of the probability axioms, entails the dynamic assumption.

David Cole writes that " the Chinese Room argument has probably been the most widely discussed philosophical argument in cognitive science to appear in the past 25 years ".

*" The first argument ," writes Rachels, " has several variations, each suggesting the same general point:

As anthropologist David Daegling writes, " he skeptics have not felt compelled to offer much of a detailed argument against the film ; the burden of proof, rightly enough, should lie with the advocates.

This position is countered by fellow philosopher Tom Regan, who writes that the same argument could be used to justify having sex with children.

One argument states that Plautus writes with originality and creativity — the other, that Plautus is a copycat of Greek New Comedy and that he makes no original contribution to playwriting.

Ehrman writes that this seems to be based on some notion of free will although this argument is never explicitly mentioned in the Bible.

In regard to fine-tuning, Kenneth Himma writes: " The mere fact that it is enormously improbable that an event occurred ... by itself, gives us no reason to think that it occurred by design … As intuitively tempting as it may be ...” Himma attributes the “ Argument from Suspicious Improbabilities ”, a formalization of “ the fine-tuning intuition ” to George N. Schlesinger: To understand Schlesinger ’ s argument, consider your reaction to two different events.

In The History of Mathematics, Burton writes, " Although Zeno's argument confounded his contemporaries, a satisfactory explanation incorporates a now-familiar idea, the notion of a ' convergent infinite series.

In an article revisiting the argument ten years after it was originally proposed, Schellenberg writes that criticism has mainly centered around the second premise.

In his essay Is Theology Poetry, Lewis himself summarises the argument in a similar fashion when he writes:

* 9th century-Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), an Arab naturalist, writes a treatise on meteorology entitled Risala fi l-Illa al-Failali l-Madd wa l-Fazr ( Treatise on the Efficient Cause of the Flow and Ebb ), in which he presents an argument on tides which " depends on the changes which take place in bodies owing to the rise and fall of temperature.

Giddens writes that the connection between structure and action is a fundamental element of social theory, structure and agency are a duality that cannot be conceived of apart from one another and his main argument is contained in his expression " duality of structure ".

Stephen Jay Gould writes that Eiseley erred in failing to realize that natural selection was a common idea among biologists of the time, as part of the argument for created permanency of species.

Milonni writes: " The basic idea here will be that the Casimir force may be derived from the source fields alone even in completely conventional QED, ..." Milonni provides detailed argument that the measurable physical effects usually attributed to the vacuum electromagnetic field cannot be explained by that field alone, but require in addition a contribution from the self-energy of the electrons, or their radiation reaction.

" " I maintain that my own argument is unanswerable ," he writes.

It is important to stress that he has not suggested that those about whom he writes are anti-Semitic, though that straw-man argument is being invoked by some as a diversionary tactic.

Paleologue goes on to describe Bertillon's argument as " a long tissue of absurdities ", and writes of " his moonstruck eyes, his sepulchral voice, the saturnine magnetism " which made him feel that he was " in the presence of a necromancer ".

During this period, “ whether African American writers acquiesced in or kicked against the label, they knew what was at stake in accepting or contesting their identification as Negro writers .” He writes that “ bsent white suspicion of, or commitment to imposing, black inferiority, African American literature would not have existed as a literature ” Warren bases part of his argument on the distinction between " the mere existence of literary texts " and the formation of texts into a coherent body of literature.

On his website, he writes that " From what I can see, microevolution is a fact " and " there is no argument regarding microevolution.

When that command finishes, tee reads the temporary file, displays the output, and writes it to the file ( s ) given as command-line argument.

However, Behar writes a compelling argument in comparison between her own experiences and that of Esperanza ’ s for feminist anthropologists and women struggling with cultural conflicts everywhere.