Non-Muslim Christians and Jews were also put into Semu, and Semu was still second class, lower than the Mongols themselves, therefore Muslims were still considered slaves to the Mongols.

Non-Muslim monotheists living in these countries, including Jews, were known as dhimmis.

Non-Muslim People of the Book living in an Islamic nation under Sharia law were given a number of rights, such as the right to freely practice their faith in private and to receive state protection.

Non-Muslim girls tend to wear the pinafore.

But among young Muslims with high education, and especially among young Muslim women with high education, the Muslim / Non-Muslim gap over emancipative values closes.

Non-Muslim resident expatriates and a few non-Muslim citizens practice their religion openly with certain limitation on proselytization and transmission of religious materials.

Non-Muslim owners of grocery shops are required to indicate their religious affiliation on the fronts of their shops.

Non-Muslim natives were excused from military service and from payment of the religiously mandated tax system levied upon Muslims called Zakat, the tax system levied upon them instead was the jizya-a progressive tax, being heavier on the upper classes and light for the poor.

Non-Muslim religious practices endure today to some degree as folk customs.

Non-Muslim women living in Saudi Arabia often wear the abayah to avoid being sexually harassed or arrested by the Saudi religious police.

Until his conversion to Islam in 2005, Yousuf was the fourth Christian ( and fifth Non-Muslim overall ) to play for the Pakistan cricket team, following in the footsteps of Wallis Mathias, Antao D ' Souza and the Anglo-Pakistani Duncan Sharpe.

He also has the distinction of being the first and so far only Non-Muslim to captain the country, leading the team in the 2004 – 05 tour of Australia where he scored a century in the Boxing Day Test at the Melbourne Cricket Ground.

# Non-Muslim members have equal political and cultural rights as Muslims.

Nor is there difference between a Muslim and a Non-Muslim citizen in respect of civil or criminal law.

Non-Muslim women were raped, their children taken from them ; paper bags filled with chili powder were placed over men's heads, and some were tied to anthills ; testicles were crushed and burned by cigarettes and electrical current, according to a 1994 report by Human Rights Watch / Africa.

Non-Muslim populations of Saudi Arabia are dominantly found in populations of foreign workers.

Non-Muslim circumcised men were found to have a higher risk profile than uncircumcised men.

( Article 128 ) Non-Muslim and Muslim alike are subject to punishment ( Article 130 ) The rules for the quashing of sentences, or for pardoning, are the same as for the lesser male homosexual offences ( Articles 132 and 133 ) Women who " stand naked under one cover without necessity " and are not relatives may receive a punishment of 50 lashes.

Non-Muslim groups include the Chamba and Fali.

They argued that Islam, as represented by contemporary, Non-Muslim sources, was in essence a tribal rebellion against the Byzantine and Persian empires with deep roots in Judaism, and that Arabs and Jews were allies in these conquering communities.

The Congress may be viewed as the most secular party with a national agenda ; however, it also practices votebank politics to gain the support of minorities, especially Muslims, through appeasement and pseudo-secularist strategies.

In the early 1970s Radio Kabul began to broadcast in other languages besides Pashtun which helped to unify those minorities that often felt marginalized, however this was put to a stop with Daoud's revolution in 1973.

This took time, however ; even today, there are Finnish and Sami minorities living in the area, who have maintained their own culture and customs.

Frankfurter, however, insisted that the passage was necessary since he claimed he was “ literally flooded with letters ” following the Court ’ s decision in Gobitis that said he should be more sensitive to the protection of minorities due to his Jewish heritage.

Although some multiculturalists admit that assimilation may result in a relatively homogeneous society, with a strong sense of nationalism, they warn however, that where minorities are strongly urged to assimilate, there may arise groups which fiercely oppose integration.

The political process is energetically and openly participated in by the people of Greece, while public demonstrations are a continual feature of Athenian life ; however, there have been criticisms of a governmental failure to sufficiently involve minorities in political debate and hence a sidelining of their opinions.

Some, however, have considered the implementation of this law unrealistic and concerns have been made that it will drive people away from Abkhazia and hurt the independent press due to a significant share of non-Abkhaz speakers among ethnic minorities as well as Abkhaz themselves, and a shortage of teachers of Abkhaz.

The continuous presence of the country's pre-Islamic, non-Muslim communities, such as Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians, had accustomed the population to the participation of non-Muslims in society ; however, government actions continue to create a threatening atmosphere for some religious minorities.

Adherents of recognized religious minorities are not required to register individually with the Government ; however, their community, religious, and cultural events and organizations, including schools, are monitored closely.

The constitution states that the country's army must be Islamic and must recruit individuals who are committed to the objectives of the Islamic revolution ; however, in practice no religious minorities were exempt from military service.

During the build-up to the Russian revolution, however, Lenin and the Bolsheviks found it expedient to promise independence to the various indigenous non-Russian national minorities, notably the Ukrainians and the Poles, in return for their support against the Czarist empire.

In practice, however, Anarchism is based on small-scale systems of self-determination, local self-governance, and mutual aid that fulfill the desire of national minorities for self-determination on a defacto basis ; and has thus been historically compatible with anti-state forms of nationalism.

With the introduction of this new Bill, however, the rights of provincial linguistic minorities were strengthened.

The autonomous political organisations of the region were also suppressed by Tito ( along with others such as the Croatian Spring ); however, the Yugoslav constitutions of 1965 and 1974 did give substantial rights to national minorities including the Serbs in SR Croatia.

The democratic vote, by however strong a majority, would have no legal effect on its own and could not push aside the principles of federalism and the rule of law, the rights of individuals and minorities, or the operation of democracy in the other provinces or in Canada as a whole.

Islamic scripture such as the Qurʼan, however, contains many names of Hebrew origin ( often via Aramaic ), and there were Jewish and Christian minorities living under Arab Islamic rule.

Since the 1990s, the term is, however, increasingly being used to refer to sexual minorities in Greater China, including lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people.

The Banu Sulaym mainly settled and Arabized Libya, however, Berber minorities still live in Libya.

Internal restrictions, however, cannot be justified from a liberal perspective, insofar as they restrict a person's autonomy, though they may be granted in certain cases to national minorities.

During the early post-colonial era in Africa, the cases of Rhodesia and South Africa were clear cases of rule by dominant minorities ; the dominant minority phenomenon in Africa was not limited to Whites, however.

Non-Polish ethnic minorities, primarily the Ukrainians and the Belarusians, were not represented in the Underground State ; however the Jews were.

Many residents, however, feel the news coverage of these events has been overblown because of fears of ethnic minorities.

The populace is primarily Han Chinese, however minorities such as the Muslim Hui, Dai from the nearby Red River valley, and Hani from the surrounding mountains ( see Yuanyang ) are also present.

There are, however, notable minorities of Karen and Rakhine.