Non-visual symptoms such as tinnitus, depersonalization-derealization, fatigue, speech difficulties and cognitive dysfunction ( brain fog ) are frequently encountered.

) Non-visual thinking is a feature of many scientific traditions, but certainly not the only solution: in geometry for example, it is possible not only to visualize as figures the objects studied, but by using ingenious drawings, the process of demonstration itself.

Even though scientific research is not their main goal, many amateur astronomers make a contribution to astronomy by monitoring variable stars, tracking asteroids and discovering transient objects, such as comets.

The typical amateur astronomer is one who does not depend on the field of astronomy as a primary source of income or support, and does not have a professional degree or advanced academic training in the subject.

Amateur astronomy is usually associated with viewing the night sky when most celestial objects and events are visible, but sometimes amateur astronomers also operate during the day for events such as sunspots and solar eclipses.

Amateur astronomers often look at the sky using nothing more than their eyes, but common tools for amateur astronomy include portable telescopes and binoculars.

It is only within about the past century, however, that amateur astronomy has become an activity clearly distinguished from professional astronomy, and other related activities.

One branch of amateur astronomy, amateur astrophotography, involves the taking of photos of the night sky.

An early pioneer of radio astronomy was Grote Reber, an amateur astronomer who constructed the first purpose built radio telescope in the late 1930s to follow up on the discovery of radio wavelength emissions from space by Karl Jansky.

Some amateur astronomers use home-made radio telescopes, while others use radio telescopes that were originally built for astronomy research but have since been made available for use by amateurs.

Some people even focus on amateur telescope making as their primary interest within the hobby of amateur astronomy.

A range of astronomy software is available and used by amateur astronomers, including software that generates maps of the sky, software to assist with astrophotography, observation scheduling software, and software to perform various calculations pertaining to astronomical phenomena.

Much of the social interaction of amateur astronomy occurs on mailing lists or discussion groups.

A great deal of the commerce of amateur astronomy, the buying and selling of equipment, occurs online.

Many methods are used in amateur astronomy, but most are variations of a few specific techniques.

With the development of fast Internet in the last part of the 20th century along with advances in computer controlled telescope mounts and CCD cameras ' Remote Telescope ' astronomy is now a viable means for amateur astronomers not aligned with major telescope facilities to partake in research and deep sky imaging.

Scientific research is most often not the main goal for many amateur astronomers, unlike professional astronomy.

There is a large number of amateur astronomical societies around the world that serve as a meeting point for those interested in amateur astronomy, whether they be people who are actively interested in observing or " armchair astronomers " who may simply be interested in the topic.

* Southern Cross Astronomical Society, an amateur astronomy society in Florida

* Albert Graham Ingalls, former editor and author of an amateur astronomy column

In addition to any direct amateur efforts to put X-ray astronomy payloads into space, there are opportunities that allow student-developed experimental payloads to be put on board commercial sounding rockets as a free-of-charge ride.

There are major limitations to amateurs observing and reporting experiments in X-ray astronomy: the cost of building an amateur rocket or balloon to place a detector high enough and the cost of appropriate parts to build a suitable X-ray detector.

Especially Linux includes all the necessary kernel functions and support utilities for TCP / IP over amateur radio systems.

It includes a volleyball team that play in Pro A, a basketball team, an amateur football team and also a professional rugby team ( season 2008 – 2009 ).

No film version for cinema release has ever been made, however, the 1949 film Train of Events includes a sub-plot featuring an amateur dramatics society performing the last scenes of Richard II.

The committee consists of Hockey Hall of Fame members, hockey personnel and media personalities associated with the game ; the membership is representative of " areas throughout the world where hockey is popular ", and includes at least one member who is knowledgeable about international hockey and one member who is knowledgeable about amateur hockey.

González decorated amateur career includes wins over 2004 Olympic Gold Medalist and current WBA World Super Middleweight Champion Andre Ward ( 24-0, 13KO ); WBO Light Middleweight Champion Alfredo Angulo ( 19-1, 16KO ); IBA Intercontinental Light Middleweight champion Sechew Powell ( 26-2, 15KO ); and an astonishing four wins over former WBC Welterweight Champion Andre Berto ( 27-1, 21KO ).

Montgomery's baseball tradition includes the amateur baseball team, known as the Mallards, the former high school Montgomery-Lonsdale Redbirds and now the Tri-City United Titans.

The weekly schedule includes an amateur hour, and prime-time shows for all ages.

The most extensive array of information services in a community network includes news from professional and amateur reporters, news and information from businesses and organizations ; community events listings ; weather forecasts ; listings of governmental offices, businesses and organizations ; and galleries of images of the place.

Such equipment includes illegal linear amplifiers for CB radio, antenna or circuit modifications on walkie-talkies, the use of " export " radios for free banding, or the use of amateur radios on unlicensed bands that amateur gear is not certified for.

The Chequer Mead Community Arts Centre includes a modern 349-seat purpose-built theatre, which stages professional and amateur plays and music ( local rock groups to chamber music orchestras ), opera, ballet, folk music, tribute bands, and talks.

What is usually called a repeater in amateur radio is called a broadcast translator ( different channel ) or booster ( same channel ) in American broadcasting, or the much broader category or rebroadcasters in Canadian broadcasting ( which includes more than just the low-power broadcasting used in the U. S .) Boosters are used only within the broadcast range of the parent station, and serve the same function locally as regional and national single-frequency networks do in Europe.

MUF also varies widely, but most commonly falls in the 27 – 110 MHz range, which includes the FM broadcast band ( 87. 5 – 108 MHz ), Band I VHF television ( American channels 2-6, Russian channels 1-3, and European channels 2-4, the latter no longer widely used in Western Europe ), CB radio ( 27 MHz ) and the amateur radio 10-and 6-meter bands.

The Walloon cultural movement includes the Union Culturelle Wallonne, an organization of over 200 amateur theatre circles, writers ' groups, and school councils.

It is held each year on the 4th or 5th Saturday in August ( always 9 days before Labor Day ) and includes professional as well as amateur riders.

The DVD includes a documentary on the amateur and professional career of Verne Gagne, the rise and fall of the AWA over its 30 year history, and numerous interviews and features with Gagne, Hulk Hogan, Jim Brunzell, Michael Hayes, Baron Von Raschke, Greg Gagne, Eric Bischoff, Bobby Heenan, Gene Okerlund and Nick Bockwinkel.

Rob hosts and participates in an annual event held at his home reef called the Rob Machado Surf Classic and Beach Fair, which is an amateur competition for the locals of all ages, and it includes demo sessions with Rob and other pros, as well as a lunchtime break when he talks with kids and gives them pointers.

This includes junior football, country football, amateur football and specific programs rolled out across schools, indigenous communities ( including the APY Lands in the state's north ) and newly-arrived migrant communities.

It includes men's and women's leagues, both professional and amateur.

Members of the organization also have access to a special Members Only section of the ARRL web site that includes technical documents, expanded product reviews of amateur radio equipment, expanded contesting information, and a searchable database of all league publications.

Field Day is an annual event organized by the ARRL that includes both a competitive element as well as an emphasis on emergency communications readiness and the promotion of amateur radio.

A week long festival which includes various activities ranging from cultural to sports, trade fairs, amateur singing contest, parades, historical exhibits, social & religious gatherings, tribal dance & sports exhibitions.

IARU Region 1 includes the member societies representing amateur radio operators in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and northern Asia.

Today the most prominent English football clubs that are not professional are semi-professional ( paying part-time players more than the old maximum for top professionals ; this includes all the major existing women's clubs, in which full professionalism has not taken root yet ) and the most prominent true amateur men's club is probably Queens Park F. C., the oldest football club in Scotland, founded in 1867 and with a home ground ( Hampden Park ) which is one of UEFA's five-star stadia.