Northern blotting takes its name from its similarity to the first blotting technique, the Southern blot, named for biologist Edwin Southern.

Northern blotting allows one to observe a particular gene's expression pattern between tissues, organs, developmental stages, environmental stress levels, pathogen infection, and over the course of treatment.

* Northern blotting

The labeled probe is first denatured ( by heating or under alkaline conditions such as exposure to sodium hydroxide ) into single stranded DNA ( ssDNA ) and then hybridized to the target ssDNA ( Southern blotting ) or RNA ( Northern blotting ) immobilized on a membrane or in situ.

Ashburner's career began in the early period of molecular biology prior to the development of most of the recombinant DNA techniques in use today, such as Northern / Southern / Western blotting.

In England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Australia, arraignment is the first of eleven stages in a criminal trial, and involves the clerk of the court reading out the indictment.

A common theme in Anderson's works, and one with obvious origins in the Northern European legends, is that doing the " right " ( wisest ) thing often involves performing actions that, at face value, seem dishonorable, illegal, destructive, or downright evil.

This practice involves the translation of numerous Chinese language terms into English as barbarians or " barbarians ": sometimes of one type or another ; such as, Northern Barbarians or Southern Barbarians, or " Northern Barbarians " or " Southern ' Barbarians '".

The project involves teenagers from both of Northern Ireland's main communities.

Traditional Northern British preparation of a hot toddy involves the mixture of whisky, boiling water or warm milk, and sugar or honey.

The letters geography involves several continents — Northern and South Americas, Western and Eastern Europe, many countries.

In Northern England the game is known by a number of names which vary by area, such as " knock and nash " and " bobby knocking ", and often involves the joint pursuit of " hedge hopping ", whereby the pranksters will jump from garden to garden, knocking on each door in turn before making a get-a-way to avoid being seen.

* The Rydalmere Cricket Club's team, ' The Mighty Wrens ', plays in the Northern Districts Cricket Association ( NDCA competition. The Rydalmere and Dundas United Cricket Clubs are a partnership that involves the Rydalmere Cricket Club being responsible for senior cricket teams and Dundas United Cricket Club responsible for developing and fostering junior cricket in the greater Parramatta area.

Much of his film work ( e. g. The Boxer, Some Mother's Son, and In the Name of the Father ) involves " The Troubles " in Northern Ireland.

While the course usually varies from year to year, it generally involves running through downtown, Northern Kentucky, and eastern suburbs along the Ohio River.

The South's antipathy to Northern civilization includes such charges as poor manners, harsh accents, lack of appreciation of the arts of living like gastronomy and the use of leisure.

In the United Kingdom, dialects, word use and accents vary not only between England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales, but also within them.

The programme also made use of Northern English language and dialect ; affectionate local terms like " eh, chuck?

The most common use in North America and Northern Europe is to mark mountain bike and hiking trails and other cross-country trail blazing, especially in mountain regions at or above the tree line.

Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, the Republic of Ireland, Australia and New Zealand are notable examples of countries within the UK, or with previous links to it, that use non-FPTP electoral systems ( Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales use First Past the Post in United Kingdom general elections, however ).

The Greek government opposes the use of the name without any qualification such as ' Republic of Northern Macedonia ' to the post-1991 constitutional name of its northern neighbour, citing historical and territorial concerns resulting from the ambiguity between the terms Republic of Macedonia, the Greek region of Macedonia and the ancient kingdom of Macedon, which falls within Greek Macedonia.

The Germanic peoples ( also called Teutonic or Gothic in older literature ) are an Indo-European ethno-linguistic group of Northern European origin, identified by their use of the Germanic languages which diversified out of Proto-Germanic during the Pre-Roman Iron Age.

In Northern Ireland the Police Service of Northern Ireland and Queen's University of Belfast use the harp as part of their identity.

Distance and speed limit signs in Northern Ireland use imperial units in common with the rest of the United Kingdom.

The two states also settled the long-running dispute concerning their respective names: Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, with both governments agreeing to use those names.

For elections to the European Parliament, most member states use open lists ; most of the United Kingdom uses closed lists, but Northern Ireland uses the Single transferable vote, as does Ireland.

The IRA's initial strategy was to use force to cause the collapse of the Northern Ireland administration and to inflict enough casualties on the British forces that the British government would be forced by public opinion to withdraw from the region.

* Definite article reduction, use of vowel-less forms of the English definite article in Northern England

Adopted by the city of Milan ( of which he was Archbishop ) at least as early as the Ninth century, its use spread over Northern Italy including Genoa.

Besides kaffir lime leaves, several other tree leaves are use in Thai cuisine such as cha-om, the young feathery leaves of the Acacia pennata tree, used cooked in omelettes, soups and curries and raw in salads of the Northern Thai cuisine.

The United Front ( Northern Alliance ) and SAD and Special Forces combined to overthrow the Taliban with minimal coalition casualties, and without the use of international conventional ground forces.

By 1873, Grant was confronted by a Northern public angry with the economic depression that began in 1873 and tired of continuing to use the army to control politics in the former Confederate states.

Its use was mainly restricted to Northern France, where it was a mode of public transportation until the beginning of the 20th century.

** Arms Crisis in the Republic of Ireland: Charles Haughey and Neil Blaney are dismissed as members of the Irish Government, for accusations of their involvement in a plot to import arms for use by the Provisional IRA in Northern Ireland.

* Horse collar in use in Northern Europe in 8th or 9th century — perhaps introduced from Asia.

: Northern Cyprus, which the U. S. considers part of the Republic of Cyprus, is not given a separate entry because " territorial occupations / annexations not recognized by the United States Government are not shown on U. S. Government maps.

Some linguists classify Northern Khmer as a separate, but closely related language rather than a dialect.

Following years of political and military agitation for ' Home Rule ' for Ireland, the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921 established the Irish Free State ( now the Republic of Ireland ) as a separate state, leaving Northern Ireland as part of the United Kingdom.

The Northern Territory was handed to the federal government in 1911 and became a separate territory.

In some languages they are considered to start or separate the seasons ; in others they are considered to be centre points ( in England, in the Northern Hemisphere, for example, the period around the northern solstice is known as midsummer, and Midsummer's Day is 24 June, about three days after the solstice itself ).

In the aftermath, Turkish Cypriots declared a separate political entity in the form of the Turkish Federative State of Cyprus in 1975 and by 1983 made a unilateral declaration of independence as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which was recognised only by Turkey.

The four Home Nations of the United Kingdom – England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland – also send separate teams.

The separate office of Attorney General for Northern Ireland is due to be re-created alongside the new office of Advocate General for Northern Ireland upon the devolution of policing and justice powers to the Northern Ireland Assembly.

The Habsburg Monarchy entered the war in 1737 on the Russian side to get its share, but was forced to make peace with Ottomans at the separate Treaty of Belgrade, surrendering Northern Serbia, Northern Bosnia and Oltenia, and allowing the Ottomans to resist the Russian push toward Istanbul.

By the Mesozoic, the three " Portuguese plates " were a part of the Northern France Armoric Plate until the Bay of Biscay began to separate.

A proposed development project, the Great Recycling and Northern Development Canal, centres on constructing a large dike to separate southern James Bay from Hudson Bay.

Noted in the report was that as a result of the Stevens 3 inquiries and up to the date of publication there had been 144 arrests with 94 people convicted, along with fifty-seven separate reports submitted to the Northern Ireland Director of Public Prosecutions.

Californios ( dissatisfied with inequitable taxes and land laws ) and pro slavery Southerners in lightly populated, rural Southern California attempted three times in the 1850s to achieve a separate statehood or territorial status separate from Northern California.

Northern Ireland has a separate Commission called the Civil Service Commissioners for Northern Ireland which does the same role.

Commonwealth and off-shore protected areas in the Australian Capital Territory, the Northern Territory, the Christmas Island Territory, the Cocos ( Keeling ) Islands Territory, the Norfolk Island Territory and the Australian Antarctic Territory are managed by Parks Australia, a division of the Department of the Environment and Water Resources, with the exception of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, which is managed by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, a separate body within the department.

The Acts of Union of 1800, which combined Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, contained no equivalent provisions but preserved the principle of separate courts to be held in Ireland, of which the part called Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom.

The Green Party of England and Wales was created in 1990 when the former UK Green Party, which itself had grown out of the 1970s ’ PEOPLE party, devolved into separate parties for Scotland, Northern Ireland, and England and Wales.

A pivotal event in the history of the Naskapis occurred in early 1975, when, after separate visits to Schefferville by Billy Diamond, Grand Chief, Grand Council of the Crees ( of Quebec ) (" GCCQ "), and Charlie Watt, President, Northern Quebec Inuit Association (" NQIA "), the Naskapis decided to become involved in the negotiations leading to the signature of the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement (" JBNQA ").