* 1965 – Nostra Aetate, the " Declaration on the Relation of the Church with Non-Christian Religions " of the Second Vatican Council, is promulgated by Pope Paul VI ; it absolves the Jews of responsibility for the death of Jesus, reversing Innocent III's 760 year-old declaration.

This traditional adversarial relationship with Judaism would be reversed in Nostra Aetate issued during the Second Vatican Council.

* Nostra Aetate: Declaration on the Relation of the Catholic Church to Non-Christian Religions

The Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue is the central office of the Catholic Church for the promotion of interreligious dialogue in accordance with the spirit of the Second Vatican Council, in particular the declaration Nostra Aetate.

One of the more controversial documents was Nostra Aetate, which stated that the Jews of the time of Christ, taken indiscriminately, and all Jews today are no more responsible for the death of Christ than Christians.

In the decree Nostra Aetate, Pope Paul VI in Council declared that:

* Nostra Aetate

Nostra Aetate was one of Vatican II's three declarations, the other documents consisting of nine decrees and four constitutions.

It was the shortest of the documents and contained few, if any, references to the debates and the rationale that had gone into its making ; therefore, the changes to be brought about by the declaration on the Church's Relations with non-Christian Religions, Nostra Aetate, carried implications not fully appreciated at the time.

To flesh out these implications and ramifications, the Vatican's Commission on Interrelegious Relations with the Jews issued its Guidelines and Suggestions for Implementing the Conciliar Declaration Nostra Aetate in late 1974.

The above-referenced statements by the Vatican's Commission for Interreligious Relations with the Jews, as well as other developments, including the establishment of more than two dozen centers for Christian-Jewish understanding at Catholic institutions of higher learning in the United States along with the participation by rabbis in seminarian formation training, demonstrate how the church has embraced Nostra Aetate.

The significance of Nostra Aetate as a new starting point in the Church's relations with Judaism, in light of the foregoing, can be appreciated from the vantage point of the passage of forty years.

The U. S. Congress passed a resolution acknowledging Nostra Aetate at forty, and the U. S. Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington D. C. also noted this anniversary.

* Philip A. Cunningham, Nostra Aetate: A Catholic Act of Metanoia

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Most of the Council's documents involve some kind of dialogue: dialogue with other religions ( Nostra Aetate ), dialogue with other Christians ( Unitatis Redintegratio ), dialogue with modern society ( Gaudium et Spes ) and dialogue with political authorities ( Dignitatis Humanae ).

The question of Islam was not on the agenda when Nostra Aetate was first drafted, or even at the opening the Second Vatican Council.

Pope Paul VI chose to follow the path recommended by Maximos IV and he therefore established commissions to introduce what would become paragraphs on the Muslims in two different documents, one of them being Nostra Aetate, paragraph three, the other being Lumen Gentium, paragraph 16.

Terra Nostra () is a Brazilian telenovela, which was produced by and broadcast on Rede Globo in 1999.

:" It is not Cosa Nostra that contacts the politician ; instead a member of the Cosa Nostra says, that president is mine ( è cosa mia ), and if you need a favor, you must go through me.

* Because Arizona is a " neutral " state for the Mafia and with Kingman's proximity to Las Vegas, members and associates of various La Cosa Nostra organizations, including Chicago and New York, have reportedly made Kingman their home over the years, as well as other areas of Mohave County.

This is also a storyline rejected by the Roman Catholic Church at Vatican II in its document Nostra Aetate, and by nearly all mainline Protestant churches in parallel documents.

By this new Apostolic Letter, Pope Benedict XVI is merely extending such permission for wider pastoral application, but remains committed to “ the need to overcome past prejudices, misunderstandings, indifference and the language of contempt and hostility to continue the Jewish-Christian dialogue … to enrich and deepen the bonds of friendship which have developed .” ( Pope Benedict XVI, On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the promulgation of Nostra Aetate, October 27, 2005.

The Sicilian Mafia, or Cosa Nostra is a criminal syndicate that emerged in the mid-nineteenth century in Sicily, Italy.

Among the most famous Mafia pentiti is Tommaso Buscetta, the first important state witness who helped Judge Giovanni Falcone to understand the inner workings of Cosa Nostra and described the Sicilian Mafia Commission or Cupola, the leadership of the Sicilian Mafia.

He is also the person who made Cosa Nostra ( meaning " Our Thing ") a household name.

Its motto is Lana Spes Nostra, Latin for Wool Is Our Hope.

The Company's motto is Spes Nostra Deus, Latin for Our Hope is in God.

The Guild's motto is Per Cælum Via Nostra, Latin for Our Way Is By The Heavens.

Also, Ainge is mentioned in the La Coka Nostra song, " Bang Bang ".

It is also the founding location of the Genovese crime family, one of the Five Families that dominate Italian organized crime in New York City as part of the Mafia ( or Cosa Nostra ).

The Gambino crime family is one of the " Five Families " that dominates organized crime activities in New York City, United States, within the nationwide criminal phenomenon known as the Mafia ( or Cosa Nostra ).

The Mafia ( also known as Cosa Nostra ) is a criminal syndicate that emerged in the mid-nineteenth century in Sicily, Italy.

According to Mafia turncoats ( pentiti ), the real name of the Mafia is " Cosa Nostra " (" Our thing ").

The FBI even added the article La to the term, calling it La Cosa Nostra ( in Italy, the article la is not used when referring to the Sicilian Mafia ).

The genesis of Cosa Nostra is hard to trace because mafiosi are very secretive and do not keep historical records of their own.

Cosa Nostra is not a monolithic organization, but rather a loose association of groups known alternately as " families ", " cosche ", " borgatas " or " clans " ( despite the name, their members are generally not related by blood ).