Some scholars go as far as to claim that neither insulin resistance, nor obesity are really metabolic disorders per se, but simply adaptive responses to sustained caloric surplus, intended to protect bodily organs from lipotoxicity ( unsafe levels of lipids in the bloodstream and tissues ): " Obesity should therefore not be regarded as a pathology or disease, but rather as the normal, physiologic response to sustained caloric surplus ... As a consequence of the high level of lipid accumulation in insulin target tissues including skeletal muscle and liver, it has been suggested that exclusion of glucose from lipid-laden cells is a compensatory defense against further accumulation of lipogenic substrate.

Another measure of central obesity which has shown superiority to BMI in predicting cardiovascular disease risk is the Index of Central Obesity ( waist-to-height ratio-WHtR ), where a ratio of >= 0. 5 ( i. e. a waist circumference at least half of the individual's height ) is predictive of increased risk.

Index of Central Obesity ( ICO ) is the ratio of waist circumference and height first proposed by a Parikh et al.

* Obesity – the condition of having more weight than is best.

Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and / or increased health problems.

Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive food energy intake, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility, although a few cases are caused primarily by genes, endocrine disorders, medications or psychiatric illness.

Obesity is stigmatized in much of the modern world ( particularly in the Western world ), though it was widely perceived as a symbol of wealth and fertility at other times in history, and still is in some parts of the world.

Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health.

Obesity in children and adolescents is defined not as an absolute number, but in relation to a historical normal group, such that obesity is a BMI greater than the 95th percentile.

Obesity is caused by consuming more calories than are expended, with many attributing excessive weight gain to a combination of overeating of " unhealthy " ( high fat, high sugar, high carbohydrate ) foods and insufficient exercise.

* Obesity: As there is peripheral conversion of androgens to estrogen in these patients, this is the same mechanism as polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS.

Obesity is thought to be the primary cause of type 2 diabetes in people who are genetically predisposed to the disease.

* Obesity: increasing body mass index is associated with more severe GERD .< ref name =" pmid175737910 "> In a large series of 2000 patients with symptomatic reflux disease, it has been shown that 13 % of changes in esophageal acid exposure is attributable to changes in body mass index.

Obesity in orexin knockout mice is a result of inability of brown preadipocytes to differentiate into brown adipose tissue ( BAT ), which in turn reduces BAT thermogenesis.

Obesity in orexin-knockout mice is associated with impaired brown adipose tissue thermogenesis.

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome ( also known as Pickwickian syndrome ) is a condition in which severely overweight people fail to breathe rapidly enough or deeply enough, resulting in low blood oxygen levels and high blood carbon dioxide ( CO < sub > 2 </ sub >) levels.

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome is defined as the combination of obesity ( body mass index above 30 kg / m < sup > 2 </ sup >), hypoxia ( falling oxygen levels in blood ) during sleep, and hypercapnia ( increased blood carbon dioxide levels ) during the day, resulting from hypoventilation ( excessively slow or shallow breathing ).

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome is a form of sleep disordered breathing.

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome is associated with a reduced quality of life, and people with the condition incur increased healthcare costs, largely due to hospital admissions including observation and treatment on intensive care units.

Obesity is preventable and is associated with numerous chronic diseases including cardiovascular conditions, diabetes, stroke, cancers and respiratory diseases.

Obesity is associated with many negative health implications such as higher risks of type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, cancer, and premature death.

* Obesity also increases the risk of CTS: individuals classified as obese ( BMI > 29 ) are 2. 5 times more likely than slender individuals ( BMI < 20 ) to be diagnosed with CTS.

* " De-Marketing Obesity " in the California Management Review, ( with Brian Wansink ), 47: 4 ( Summer 2005 ), 6 – 18.

Obesity does not directly lead to preterm birth ; however, it is associated with diabetes and hypertension which are risk factors by themselves.

As Mars stated fulfillment of their promise, the Duo format was met with criticism by the National Obesity Forum and National Consumer Council.

Disorders referred to as " Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome " or " CCHS " and " Rapid-Onset Obesity, Hypothalamic Dysfunction, Hypoventilation, with Autonomic Dysregulation " or ROHHAD are recognized.

Obesity is a condition in which the natural energy reserve, stored in the fatty tissue of humans and other mammals, is increased to a point where it is associated with certain health conditions or increased mortality.

Professor Carolyn Summerbell is the current Principal of John Snow College and is a Professor of Human Nutrition with research concentrating on Obesity Related Behaviours based at the Wolfson Research Institute close to the college itself.

: 2009-CHEO opens their off-site Centre for Healthy Active Living, with clinics focused on Obesity and Type II Diabetes

Obesity is not always present with OSA ; in fact, a significant number of adults with normal body mass indices ( BMIs ) have decreased muscle tone causing airway collapse and sleep apnea.

Obesity and enlarged tonsils and adenoids, conditions that occur commonly in the western population, are much more likely to be obstructive in a person with these features than without them.

His books include Against the Law ( with Pierre Schlag and Steven D. Smith, 1996 ), a collection of essays regarding legal thought in contemporary America ; Jurismania ( 1998 ), a scathing critique of the American legal system ; and The Diet Myth ( 2005 ) ( previously published as The Obesity Myth in 2004 ), an expose of the hysteria surrounding weight and health in the Western world today.

* Hein, Casey and Small, Doreen 2007 Combating Diabetes, Obesity, Periodontal Disease and Interrelated Inflammatory Conditions with a Syndemic Approach.

** Obesity ( extra weight pushes down on the abdomen increasing the pressure )

Childhood Obesity: Reversing the childhood obesity epidemic by 2015 by improving access to affordable healthy foods and increasing opportunities for physical activity in schools and communities across the United States.

A report released in 2009 by the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale gave Cap ' n Crunch's Crunch Berries the worst nutritional score of any cereal marketed to children and families.

Reverse The Curse has expanded into reversing the curses that afflict the world's children in Education and Obesity.

Compared to all claims on cereal boxes, " This one belongs in the hall of fame ," said Kelly Brownell, director of Yale University's Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity.

Obesity or being overweight in humans and most animals does not depend on body weight, but on the amount of body fat — to be specific, adipose tissue.

Obesity or being overweight in humans and most animals does not depend on body weight but on the amount of body fat — to be specific, adipose tissue.

Obesity, a serious problem in the western world, leads to higher chances of developing heart disease, diabetes, and many other diseases.

Note that your dog's obesity isn't always your fault: Obesity can be a sign of other serious ailments such as Cushing's disease which is characterized by weight gain, appetite increase and lethargy in primarily older dogs.