Medieval designs include a large number of catapults such as the Mangonel, Onager, the ballista, the traction trebuchet ( first designed in China in the 3rd century BC and was brought over to Europe in the 4th century AD ), and the counterweight trebuchet ( first described by Mardi bin Ali al-Tarsusi in the 12th century, though of unknown origin ).

The word ' Onager ' is derived from the Greek word ' onagros ' for wild ass, referring to the “ kicking motion and force ” that were recreated in the Mangonel's design.

Sketch of an Onager, from Antique technology by Diels.

Sketch of an Onager, from Antique technology by Diels

* Onager ( siege weapon ) ( Pahlavi koshkanjir or mangenik derived from Greek mēkhanikos )

After folio 21 verso two leaves are missing which should have contained Ox ( Bos ), Camel ( Camelus ), Dromedary ( Dromedarius ), Ass ( Asinus ), Onager ( Onager ) and part of Horse ( Equus ).

During these battles the Song navy employed swift paddle wheel driven naval vessels armed with trebuchet catapults aboard the decks that launched gunpowder bombs.

From the southern slope, Persian archers and catapults launched their projectiles.

Most larger warships of that era carried floatplanes-typically four for each battleship, and one to two for each cruiser-to be launched by catapults ; their main task was to spot targets over the horizon for the big guns.

In the desperate battle that followed, Björn lost 40 ships, largely to Greek fire launched from Saracen catapults.

In place of a traditional chain lift, the launched coaster initiates a ride with high amounts of acceleration via one or series of Linear Induction Motors ( LIM ), Linear Synchronous Motors ( LSM ), catapults, or other mechanisms employing hydraulic or pneumatic power.

Battering rams and siege hooks could also be used to force through gates or walls, while catapults, ballistae, trebuchets, mangonels, and onagers could be used to launch projectiles in order to break down a city's fortifications and kill its defenders.

Because of the size of the tower it would often be the first target of large stone catapults but it had its own projectiles with which to retaliate.

They produced about 300 swords, 500 spears, 140 shields and 1, 000 projectiles for catapults daily.

An Athenian inventory from 330 – 329 BC includes catapults bolts with heads and flights.

The transition to the torsion catapults, which are not considered crossbows and came to dominate Greek and Roman artillery design is first evident in inventories of the Athenian arsenal from between 338 and 326 BC.

An extant inscription from the Athenian arsenal, dated between 338 and 326 BC, lists a number of stored catapults with shooting bolts of varying size and springs of sinews.

Special variants called aircraft catapults are used to launch planes from land bases and sea carriers when the takeoff runway is too short for a powered takeoff or simply impractical to extend.

Siege towers also became more elaborate during the medieval period ; at the Siege of Kenilworth Castle in 1266, for example, 200 archers and 11 catapults operated from a single tower.

Before that there had not been any large Frankish catapult in Cathay China, but Talib, a catapult-maker from this land, had gone to Baalbek and Damascus, and his sons Abubakr, Ibrahim, and Muhammad, and his employees made seven large catapults and set out to conquer the city Fu or Hsiang-yang fu = modern Xiangfan.

He received both, and thereupon bombarded the Holy City using catapults from the mountain of Abu Qubays.

In the Château des Baux demonstrations of huge catapults ( the biggest Trebuchet in Europe, a Couillard also called biffa and a Bricole ) are given every day from April to September.

Other tactics included firing severed human heads from catapults into enemy lines and over city walls to frighten enemy soldiers and citizens and spread diseases in the close confines of a besieged city.

The Bakufu's charge against the 47 Ronin after the incident explicitly mentions the use of projectile weapons, which could mean anything from arrows and catapults to firearms.

The city was assaulted by catapults from Banu Daws, but it repelled the attacks.

Bug takes Elmo's blanket from Huxley and turns against him as Elmo catapults a basket over his shoulders.

Siege weapons such as catapults are produced at Siege Factories, they are available starting from the Bronze Age until the Dark Ages and are later substituted by the trebuchet in the Middle Ages throughout the Renaissance, finally being replaced by cannons in the Imperial Age.

At the borders of Sindh he was joined by an advance guard and six thousand camel riders and later reinforcements from the governor of Makran transferred directly to Debal by sea along with five catapults (" manjaniks ").

* Autumn 1930 – The Royal Air Force rededicates No. 443 Flight of the Fleet Air Arm as the first British catapult flight of aircraft assigned to operate from battleship and cruiser catapults.

* April 3 – The Royal Air Force reinstates the squadron of nine to 12 planes as the basic organizational unit for its aircraft assigned to Royal Navy aircraft carriers, retaining the six-plane flight as the basic organizational unit only for aircraft assigned to operate from battleship and cruiser catapults.

This army was supported with troops from the Forest Cantons, Lucerne, Zurich, Neuchatel and Savoy and were armed with catapults and primitive guns.

; Screaming Skull Catapult ( Rare Unit ): These magical constructs are huge catapults made from bones and crewed by skeletons.

Some carriers were completed before and during World War II with catapults on the hangar deck that fired athwartships, but they were unpopular because of their short run, low clearance of the hangar decks, inability to add the ship's forward speed to the aircraft's airspeed for takeoff, and lower clearance from the water ( conditions which afforded pilots far less margin for error in the first moments of flight ).

During World War II a number of ships were fitted with rocket-driven catapults, first the Fighter catapult ships of the Royal Navy, then armed merchantmen known as CAM ships from " catapult armed merchantmen.

Unmanned target aircraft were towed by planes from RAF Weston Zoyland and later were fired from catapults over the sea.

However, after a tough talk from Peppermint Patty, a great showing in the pole vault and first-place finishes in the discus and javelin throw catapults him into first place.

Primitive catapults were essentially “ the product of relatively straightforward attempts to increase the range and penetrating power of missiles by strengthening the bow which propelled them ”.

The later entry is particularly noteworthy as it constitutes the first clear evidence for the switch to torsion catapults which are more powerful than the flexible crossbows and came to dominate Greek and Roman artillery design thereafter.

King Matthias favoured ancient artillery ( catapults ) as opposed to cannons, which were the favourite of his father, Johannes Hunyadi, former Regent of Hungary.

He builds a strong flotilla of ships equipped with catapults and a wooden bridge across the river, which allows him to establish a foothold on the Parthian shore.

( 7 ) Together with a painting of the capture of Syracuse, catapults, ballistae and all the other engines of war were carried along, as well as the ornaments of a peace of long duration and of royal opulence, ( 8 ) plate of skilfully wrought silver and bronze, other household furniture, precious garments and many renowned statues by which Syracuse had been distinguished among the foremost cities of Greece.

Egino raised taxes and sought to limit the citizens ' freedom, after which the Freiburgers used catapults to destroy the count's castle atop Schloßberg, a hill that overlooks the city center.

The harbour was overseen by a stone tower mounted with catapults, built on an arch spanning over the harbour entrance which could be closed by an iron gate.

The natives used catapults, hoisting " a large sphere on a pole ; it was dark blue in color " and about the size of a sheep's belly, which flew over the heads of the men and made an ugly din.

The ancient Greek Helepolis, a massive siege tower which mounted catapults, could also be considered a weapons platform.

The increased number of oarsmen also required a broader hull, which on the one hand reduced the ships ' speed, but offered several advantages: larger vessels could be strengthened to better withstand ramming, while the wider hull increased their carrying capacity, allowing more marines and eventually catapults, to be carried along.

The station, which designs and builds aircraft carrier catapults and arresting gear, was slated to remain open when the Pentagon released its base closing recommendations in May 2005, though it was to lose 186 jobs.

Her attempts to make Mildred like her only result in Mildred getting into trouble, for example, turning her cat into a monkey and enchanting a vaulting pole which catapults Mildred into the air and into Miss Hardbroom's study.

Some more important uses of the chronograph include the Langley Chronograph, which is used by the US Navy to record, calculate, and analyze data given off by aero plane launching catapults.

First, many games have units which out-range defensive buildings ( catapults, artillery, etc.

Qal ' at ar-Rum, which was the seat of the Patriarch of Armenia, was besieged by more than 30 catapults and was captured after 30 days by Khalil, who renamed it Qal ' at al-Muslimin ( Castle of the Muslims ).

As Henry the Red's troops arrive to assist in the battle against the undead and break their ranks, Ash coincidentally cuts off his alter ego's right hand and catapults him into the sky on a lit sack of gunpowder, which explodes and destroys Bad Ash.

The Workshop allows siege engines — rams which destroy walls and catapults which destroy buildings — to be manufactured.