Its authorship is attributed to Onkelos,, a famous convert to Judaism in Tannaic times ( c. 35 – 120 a. D ).

Onkelos ( Hebrew: אונקלוס ) is the name of a famous convert to Judaism in Tannaic times ( c. 35 – 120 CE ).

Instead, Jews used Hebrew / Aramaic Targum manuscripts later compiled by the Masoretes ; and authoritative Aramaic translations, such as those of Onkelos and Rabbi Yonathan ben Uziel.

Its creation was motivated by the same need to translate the Pentateuch into the Aramaic language spoken by the community which led to the creation of Jewish Targums such as Targum Onkelos.

Affinities that the oldest of these textual traditions share with the Dead Sea Scrolls and Onkelos suggest that the Targum may originate from the same school which finalized the Samaritan Pentateuch itself.

The Targum Onkelos, however, clearly translates this Hebrew kaneh bosem as Aramaic q ' nei busma, which is the same phrase used in the Mishna ( concerning textiles ) to refer to hemp.

According to halakha, a man may even study the Rashi on each Torah verse in fulfillment of the requirement to review the Parsha twice with Targum ( which normally refers to Targum Onkelos ) This practice is called in Hebrew: " Shnayim mikra ve-echad targum ".

In the synagogues of talmudic times, Targum Onkelos was read alternately with the Torah, verse by verse, and Targum Jonathan was read alternately with the selection from Nevi ' im ( i. e. the Haftarah ).

Interlinear text of Hebrew language | Hebrew Book of Numbers | Numbers 6. 3 – 10 with Aramaic language | Aramaic Targum Onkelos from the British Library.

Thus, when the Talmud states that " a person should complete his portions of scripture along with the community, reading the scripture twice and the targum once " ( Berakhot 8a-b ), the passage may be taken to refer to Targum Jonathan ( as well as to Targum Onkelos on the Torah ).

) Onkelos is said to have seen all of them subjected to humiliating punishments for harming Israel.

After his conversion, the Talmud records a story of how the Roman emperor tried to have Onkelos arrested ( Avodah Zarah 11a ).

* Genesis in Hebrew, Aramaic, Syriac, Greek, Latin, and English – The critical text of the Book of Genesis in Hebrew with ancient versions ( Masoretic, Samaritan Pentateuch, Samaritan Targum, Targum Onkelos, Peshitta, Septuagint, Vetus Latina, Vulgate, Aquila, Symmachus, and Theodotion ) and English translation for each version in parallel.

The Aramaic Targum Onkelos leaves the phrase untranslated and is so quoted in the Talmud ( B.

This too refers to Targum Onkelos on the public Torah reading and to Targum Jonathan on the haftarot from Nevi ' im.

The Talmud ( Megilah 3a ) states  The Targum of the Pentateuch was composed by Onkelos the proselyte under the from the mouths of R. Eleazar and R. Joshua.

Unfortunately, it was then mistitled as a manuscript of Targum Onkelos until 1949, when Alejandro Díez Macho noticed that it differed significantly from Targum Onkelos.

* Aramaic Targums-The Aramaic text of Targum Onkelos and Samaritan Targum with a new English translation for each version and critical apparatus.

A city by this name located in Israel does appear, however, in Targum Onkelos, Targum Yonatan, Mishnah, Babylonian Talmud and several Midrashim.

His main sources were the Babylonian Talmud, the complete Midrash Rabbah, the Midrash Tanhuma, and the two Pesiktot ( Pesikta De-Rav Kahana or Pesikta Rabbati ), the Midrash on Psalms, the Pirkei de-Rabbi Eliezer, and the Targum Onkelos.

Akiva probably also provided for a revised text of the Targums ; certainly, for the essential base of the so-called Targum Onkelos, which in matters of Halakah reflects Akiva's opinions completely ( F. Rosenthal, Bet Talmud, ii.

There is, however, no " official " eastern ( Babylonian ) targum to Ketuvim, equivalent to Targum Onkelos on the Torah and Targum Jonathan on Nevi ' im.

In Gittin 56b, 57a a story is mentioned in which Onkelos summons up the spirit of a Yeshu who sought to harm Israel.

Both Jonathan ben Uzziel and Onkelos translate Aram Naharaim " Aram which is on the Euphrates " as Joshua explicitly stated: ' Long ago your ancestors lived on the other side of the Euphrates.

The author quotes the Mishnah, the two Talmuds, the Tosefta, the Sifra, Targums Onkelos and Jonathan, the Septuagint, the works of Saadia Gaon, the Sifre Refu ' ah, and other anonymous sources.

Gordon thus became what Judaism regards as, and Jews call, a " Ger Tsedek "— a righteous convert.

In the Talmud, " ger " is used in two senses: ger tzedek refers to a " righteous convert ", a proselyte to Judaism, and ger toshav, a non-Jewish inhabitant of the Land of Israel who observes the Seven Laws of Noah and has repudiated all links with idolatry.

According to Kellner ( 1991 ) on Maimonides, a ger toshav ( or Noahide ) could be a transitional stage on the way to becoming a ger tzedek () or " righteous alien ", a convert to Judaism.

An important development in the New Testament is the understanding that the resurrection of the wicked will not be at the same time as that of the righteous.

And to realize that our government was taking over countries in the same way that Russia was, creating satellites, but we call their communism " evil " and our democratic appropriations of foreign governments " righteous.

He insisted that he was not anti-gay, however, saying " I would have had the same problem, felt the same kind of righteous indignation, if somebody had said I was having an affair with some actress I had never met ," and would later portray an openly gay character in In & Out with Kevin Kline.

His successor, in that same year, Pope Benedict XII, declared it ex cathedra doctrine that the righteous do see Heaven immediately upon death.

He ascribed these aspects and characteristics as two principles, the righteous and wrathful God of the Old Testament, who is at the same time identical with the creator of the world, and a second God of the Gospel, quite unknown before Christ, who is only love and mercy.

Justification, in Christian theology, is God's act of removing the guilt and penalty of sin while at the same time declaring a sinner righteous through Christ's atoning sacrifice.

Noah's mission had a double character: he had to warn his people, asking them to call for repentance and, at the same time, he had to preach about God's mercy and forgiveness, promising them the glad tidings God would provide if they led righteous lives.

The same evil genius, whose workings drove provincials of the neighboring States, unwittingly into the paths of a righteous and glorious resistance, presides over our affairs also.

" A related point is raised by C. S. Lewis: " if good is to be defined as what God commands, then the goodness of God Himself is emptied of meaning and the commands of an omnipotent fiend would have the same claim on us as those of the ' righteous Lord.

The eastern Church, believes that hell or eternal damnation and heaven exist and are the same place, which is being with God, and that the very same Divine love ( God's uncreated energies ) which is a source of bliss and consolation for the righteous ( because they love God, His love is Heaven for them ), is also a source of torment ( or a " Lake of Fire ") for sinners ( because they don't love God, they will feel His love this way ).

According to some interpretations, Elisheva was the same as Puah, one of the righteous midwives mentioned in Exodus 1.

However, the book of Job itself contains no indication of this, and to the prophet Ezekiel, Yahweh refers to Job as a righteous man of the same calibre as Noah and Daniel.

However, the NEYM's committee on hymns had approved the continued use of the song despite these concerns, and a response also printed in the same NEYM report noted that while " the holy people " happened to be Jewish in the particular case of Jesus, a " larger and more meaningful interpretation " of the phrase is to identify it with " those who consider themselves the most righteous " at any time and place, and of any ethnicity.

Killing people from the same town gives " negative rep " which has an impact on righteous and kloness weapons.