Similarly, universal suffrage was supervised and controlled by means of official candidature, by forbidding free speech and action in electoral matters to the Opposition, and by a gerrymandering in such a way as to overwhelm the Liberal vote in the mass of the rural population.

* Leon Trotsky ( Lev Davidovich Bronstein ) ( 1879 – 1940 ), People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs, founder and commander of the Red Army and People's Commissar of War during the Russian Civil War, and de-facto leader of the Left Opposition.

He was alert to any threat of socialism, whether from the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, Opposition Liberals, or the Red Tories in his own party.

The problems connected with the building up of the Red Army held a special place in the deliberations of the congress, where the so called ' Military Opposition ' appeared in the field.

Lenin and Stalin condemned the ' Military Opposition ', because it defended the survival of the guerrilla mode of operations and resisted the creation of a regular Red Army, the utilization of the military experts of the old army and the establishment of strict military discipline.

In November 1927, the United Opposition held a demonstration in Red Square, Moscow, along with Lenin's widow Krupskaya.

Opposition appeared to be centered on the city of Szeged and around Rear Admiral Miklós Horthy, who formed a National Army to fight the Soviet Republic.

Opposition to Washington's command in Pennsylvania was anchored by Thomas Mifflin, a former Congressional delegate, and also the former quartermaster of the Continental Army who had previously worked closely with Washington.

Opposition amongst the youth and students to compulsory military service in the US Army ( in which Puerto Ricans had to serve since 1917 ); to the presence of the ROTC at the University of Puerto Rico ; to US aggressive military policies in the Caribbean, Latin America, Southeast Asia and elsewhere ; an to American military installations on the island fueled the activity of the MPI and this in its turn created a perspective of a possible decolonization.

In Harry Turtledove's alternate history novel American Empire: The Victorious Opposition, Chapman is a member of the Freedom Party ( an analogue of the Nazi Party ) as a Chief Assault Band Leader ( a captain in Army ranking ).

The discontent with Trotsky's policies of strict discipline, conscription and reliance on carefully supervised non-Communist military experts eventually led to the Military Opposition ( Russian: Военная оппозиция

At all times, Cavendish was careful to consult with his prime minister and the leaders of His Majesty's Loyal Opposition in Canada on matters related to conscription and the war effort.

* Opposition based upon the compulsion and authoritarian nature of conscription and its conflict with democratic processes and ideals.

It became clear that support for a bill to introduce compulsory overseas conscription would be pass in the House, with the Opposition making up the deficit from Labor defectors, but not in the Senate.

In September though, Opposition and Commonwealth Liberal Party leader Joseph Cook addressed parliament in support of conscription: " There are some that do not believe in the compulsion of men, who say that Australia has done enough … I hope there are few men in the parliament who believe that … We are proud of what the Empire has done, and our contribution must be adequate, and in every way worthy of that effort.

For tho'all nations count universally by tens ( originally occasioned by the number of digits on both hands ) yet 8 is a far more complete and commodious number ; since it is divisible into halves, quarters, and half quarters ( or units ) without a fraction, of which subdivision ten is uncapable ...." In a later treatise on Octave computation ( 1753 ) Jones concluded: " Arithmetic by Octaves seems most agreeable to the Nature of Things, and therefore may be called Natural Arithmetic in Opposition to that now in Use, by Decades ; which may be esteemed Artificial Arithmetic.

Opposition rose and without any important ally among the Portuguese aristocracy other than Afonso, Count of Barcelos, the illegitimate half brother of King Edward and count of Barcelos, the queen's position was untenable.

Harold Wilson, then the Leader of the Opposition in the Commons, reiterated his belief that a united Ireland was the only possible solution to Northern Ireland's Troubles.

During this period, financial problems again almost forced Attlee to quit politics, as his wife was ill and there was then no separate salary for the Leader of the Opposition.

At the 15th Party Congress ( 2 – 19 December 1927 ) the Left Opposition was crushed ; none of its members were elected to the Central Committee.

This decision was criticised by the Opposition, which had initiated the review when in power, and the review process was questioned by a leading academic.

Opposition to the absolute monarchy was immediately expressed in the streets of Paris as suppressed deputies, gagged journalists, students from the University and many working men of Paris poured into the streets and erected barricades during the " three glorious days " ( French Les Trois Glorieuses ) of 26 – 29 July 1830.

The notes Erwin made for his planned meeting with Holt ( which he evidently provided to Reid ) indicate that he and others were worried that Holt was too susceptible to traps set for him by the ALP over issues like the VIP jets scandal, and that he had repeatedly let himself become the target of Opposition " harassment " instead of letting his ministers take the heat on controversial issues.

Opposition to Zogu was formidable.

Opposition from senior Iraqi officials, together with the poor security situation, meant that Bremer's privatization plan was not implemented during his tenure, though his orders remain in place.

Following his resignation as Prime Minister, Major briefly became Leader of the Opposition, and Shadow Foreign Secretary ( as Sir Malcolm Rifkind, who was Foreign Secretary prior to the election, had lost his seat ), and remained in this post until the election of William Hague as leader of the Conservative Party in June 1997.

Radek was part of the Left Opposition from 1923, writing his famed article ' Leon Trotsky: Organizer of Victory ' shortly after Lenin's stroke in January of that year.

After leading a failed struggle of the Left Opposition against the policies and rise of Joseph Stalin in the 1920s and the increasing role of bureaucracy in the Soviet Union, Trotsky was successively removed from power ( 1927 ), expelled from the Communist Party, and finally deported from the Soviet Union ( 1929 ).

After a short period as Leader of the Opposition and now more than 75 years old, St-Laurent's motivation to be involved in politics was gone.

Opposition to the use of violence has not prohibited anarcho-pacifists from accepting the principle of resistance or even revolutionary action ( see: non-violent revolution ) provided it does not result in violence ; it was in fact their approval of such forms of opposition to power that lead many anarcho-pacifists to endorse the anarcho-syndicalist concept of the general strike as the great revolutionary weapon.

Opposition leader and then-mayor of Antananarivo, Andry Rajoelina, led a movement in early 2009 in which Ravalomanana was pushed from power in an unconstitutional process widely condemned as a coup d ' état.

In December 2011, Fraser was highly critical of the Australian government's decision ( also supported by the Liberal Party Opposition ) to permit the export of uranium to India, relaxing the Fraser government's policy of banning sales of uranium to countries that are not signatories of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

He was deputy leader of the Labour Party from 1976 to 1980, and later became the Leader of the Opposition from 1980 to 1983.

Opposition to his policy of National Reconciliation was met party-wide, but especially from Karmalists.

He was replying to queries from Opposition Leader Lim Kit Siang on the next course of action to be taken by Malaysia and Asean with the Burmese military junta.

Opposition to Stalin by Trotsky led to a dissident Bolshevik ideology called Trotskyism that was repressed under Stalin's rule.

He led the Official Opposition until 1993 and was spokesman on Foreign Affairs and Trade until 1999.

He was the Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition from 1983 until 1992, making him the longest-serving Leader of the Opposition in British political history to date, and the longest never to have become Prime Minister.

Opposition was at length overcome, or nearly so.

Highfield suburb was considered a security risk by the Rhodesian colonial government such that it was surrounded by a security fence, ( A fact quoted by Robert Mugabe during his speech in March 2007 to warn and remind the Opposition MDC party, that he was a hardened man and no push over because of imprisonment and how he had endured and overcome Restriction within a fence " like a goat.

Opposition to them resulted in the highly controversial Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, authored by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson.

Opposition to the claim led to a war and personal union of Croatia and Hungary in 1102, ruled by Coloman.

Opposition parties continued to complain about electoral manipulation by the government, and many Egyptians felt their votes were monitored by poll workers, and could face retribution.

Noli and other Western-oriented leaders formed the Opposition Party of Democrats, which attracted all of Zogu's many personal enemies, ideological opponents, and people left unrewarded by his political machine.

In the session of the Hungarian Parliament of 5 November 1878 the Opposition proposed that the Foreign Minister should be impeached for violating the constitution by his policy during the Near East Crisis and by the occupation of Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Most of the work is executed by the Executive Branch which consists of the Cabinet of Ministers, Leader of the Opposition and also other members of the parliament.

In a stunning landslide defeat, where ABC news had been predicting a 16 point Sandinista victory, the FSLN lost to the National Opposition Union by 14 points in elections on February 25, 1990.

Trotsky, the prime force behind the Left Opposition, was defeated by a triumvirate formed by Stalin, Zinoviev and Kamenev, with the support of Bukharin.

Having helped Stalin achieve unchecked power against the Left Opposition, Bukharin found himself easily outmaneuvered by Stalin.

They formed an international alliance to promote their views, calling it the International Communist Opposition, though it became better known as the Right Opposition, after a term used by the Trotskyist Left Opposition in the Soviet Union to refer to Bukharin and his supporters there.