Opposition to Federalists among Democratic-Republicans reached new heights at this time since the Democratic-Republicans had supported France.

While the Whigs were still part of the Opposition under the minority government of the Earl of Derby, John Russell had said, in January 1852, that he intended to introduce a new Reform bill into the House of Commons which would equalize the populations of the districts from which members of Parliament were elected.

Opposition parties were legalized and a new constitution approved in 1991 which put an end to formal military rule.

Many members of the Workers ' Opposition and the Decists ( both later banned ) and two new underground Left Communist groups, Gavril Myasnikov's Workers ' Group and the Workers ' Truth group, developed the idea that Russia was becoming a state capitalist society governed by a new bureaucratic class.

Opposition parties are now legally allowed to form following the adoption of the new Constitution.

Although the new party was dominated by former Nationalists, Lyons was chosen as the new party's leader, and thus became Leader of the Opposition.

The new Republican Party was not fully formed, and significant numbers of politicians, mostly former Whigs, ran for office under the Opposition label.

During a new period of intra-Party fighting between the July 1926 meeting of the Central Committee and the XVth Party Conference in October 1926, the Opposition was defeated and Kamenev lost his Politburo seat at the Conference.

Deborah Grey, the deputy leader of Reform, was chosen as the new party's interim leader, becoming the first female Leader of the Opposition in Canadian history.

He was unlucky to come up against a new and formidable Labor Opposition Leader in Gough Whitlam.

When Whitlam won the election, McMahon resigned the Liberal leadership and was replaced by Snedden, who became the new Opposition Leader.

Joseph LyonsAlthough the new party was basically the Nationalist Party under a new name, Lyons was chosen as leader of the party ( and thus became Leader of the Opposition ) rather than the old Nationalist leader John Latham, as it was recognised that ( as an affable family man with the common touch ) he was a far more electorally appealing figure than the aloof Latham, and his Labor background and his Catholicism would allow him to win traditional Labor support groups ( working-class voters and Irish Catholics ) over to the new party.

Lang replied that he would not resign, and Game dismissed his government and commissioned the Leader of the Opposition, Bertram Stevens, to form a caretaker government pending new elections, in which Labor was defeated.

Despite this exclusion, members of the commons must still express their loyalty to the monarch and defer to her authority, as the Oath of Allegiance must be recited by all new parliamentarians before they may take their seat, and the official opposition is traditionally dubbed as Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition.

The Socialist Workers ' Party of Germany, a left split from the Social Democratic Party of Germany founded in 1931, co-operated with the International Left Opposition briefly in 1933 but soon abandoned the call for a new International.

Stalin now moved against Bukharin by appropriating Trotsky's criticisms of his right wing policies and he promoted a new general line favouring collectivization of the peasantry and rapid industrialization of industry forcing Bukharin and his supporters into a Right Opposition.

Following a Cabinet split on 25 May 1915, caused by the Shell Crisis ( or sometimes dubbed ' The Great Shell Shortage ') and the failed offensive at the 1915 Battle of Gallipoli, Asquith became head of a new coalition government, bringing senior figures from the Opposition into the Cabinet.

As the Opposition was unable to come up with the numbers to form the new government, Lok Sabha, the lower house of India's Parliament was again dissolved and fresh elections were held.

Opposition to the Act inspired both political and constitutional forms of literature throughout the colonies, strengthened the colonial political perception and involvement, and created new forms of organized resistance.

In his new role as Leader of the Opposition and party leader he set about modernising and revitalising Fine Gael.

The legislative elections on August 28, 1910 had elected 14 new representatives ( resulting in an assembly that was divided: 9 % Republican, 58 % Government and 33 % Opposition ) which helped the revolutionary cause, but which made little importance since the Setubal Congress ( on 24 – 25 April 1909 ) had determined that the Republicans would take power by force.

In the session of the Hungarian Parliament of 5 November 1878 the Opposition proposed that the Foreign Minister should be impeached for violating the constitution by his policy during the Near East Crisis and by the occupation of Bosnia-Herzegovina.

In both cases, the Left Opposition denounced the regressive nature of the policy towards the kulak social class of wealthy peasants, and the brutality of forced industrialisation.

In December 2011, Fraser was highly critical of the Australian government's decision ( also supported by the Liberal Party Opposition ) to permit the export of uranium to India, relaxing the Fraser government's policy of banning sales of uranium to countries that are not signatories of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

Opposition to his policy of National Reconciliation was met party-wide, but especially from Karmalists.

Added to this was the fact that Menzies had not served in that war, and that as Attorney-General and Deputy Prime Minister, Menzies had made an official visit to Germany in 1938, and like his Opposition at the time, supported Neville Chamberlain's policy of Appeasement.

After his loss, King stayed on as Opposition Leader, where it was his policy to refrain from offering advice or alternative policies.

Jim Duffy ( born 12 April 1966 ) is an Irish historian, political commentator, and served as a policy advisor to then Irish leader of the Opposition, Fine Gael leader Enda Kenny prior to the 2011 general election.

In spite of Lenin's opinion that the NEP should last several decades at least, until universal literacy was accomplished, in 1928, after only nine years of NEP, Lenin's successor, Stalin, eventually introduced full central planning ( although a variant of public planning had been the idea of the Left Opposition, which Stalin purged from the Party ), re-nationalized much of the economy, and from the late 1920s onwards introduced a policy of rapid industrialization.

The lessons to be learnt from Russell's foreign policy, Salisbury believed, were that he should not listen to the Opposition or the press otherwise " we are to be governed … by a set of weathercocks, delicately poised, warranted to indicate with unnerving accuracy every variation in public feeling ".

Opposition politicians observed that the new government still had a " Closing the Gaps " policy objective, but no longer referred to the policy by that name.

When Bill English took over National, it was thought that he might lead the Opposition away from its prior hardline New Right economic and social policies, but his indecisiveness and lack of firm policy direction led to ACT New Zealand gaining the New Right middle-class voting basis in 2002.

He was promoted to the Opposition front bench two years later, and rose rapidly to become head of policy co-ordination during the 2005 general election campaign.

He was appointed as the Opposition frontbench local government spokesman in 2004, before being promoted into the shadow cabinet that June as head of policy co-ordination.

During his tenure he led for the Opposition on the National Lottery Act 2006 and promoted the policy of safeguarding lottery funds for the four original causes of the arts, heritage, charities and sport.

After learning of his son's success, Ramsay MacDonald corrected a correspondent who had referred to " Labour's defeat " by asserting that " Labour was victorious, and a queer mixture which had neither principle nor political policy, now known as Opposition Labour, was defeated ".

In the session of the Hungarian Parliament of 5 November 1878 the Opposition proposed that the Foreign Minister should be impeached for violating the constitution by his policy during the Near East Crisis and by the occupation of Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Whilst agreeing that the government could not make policy in response to the blockades, William Hague, Leader of the Opposition criticised the government for having increased taxes, whilst the Liberal Democrats argued that the government should have responded to the protest much earlier.

Simon then freelanced on speechwriting, policy and advice, clients included Tony Blair's Office in Opposition, Microsoft UK, the International Duty Free Confederation and various other charities and communication companies.

During this period in Opposition, Abbott wrote Battlelines-a biography and reflection on his thoughts on the Howard Government, and a discussion of potential future policy directions for the Liberal Party.

His supporters remained in exile, but their resolve began to waver in 1929 as Stalin turned against Bukharin and Rykov and adopted the policy of collectivization, which appeared to be close to the policies that the Left Opposition advocated earlier.

The Opposition stance is that such a policy is against the existing Children Act.

The Left Opposition had opposed the continued marketization of agriculture through the NEP policy, and, since 1924, had repeatedly called for investment in industry, some collectivization in agriculture and democratisation of the Party.

In October, during his policy speech for the 1969 federal elections, Opposition leader Gough Whitlam declared that, if elected, the ALP would make sure that all Australian troops in Vietnam would be home ' by Christmas '.