Optical sound constitutes the recording and reading of amplitude based on the amount of light that is projected through a soundtrack area on a film using an illuminating light or laser and a photocell or photodiode.

Created by Kodak and ORC ( Optical Radiation Corporation ), Cinema Digital Sound was the first attempt to bring multi-channel digital sound to first-run theaters.

* 1953: Todd-AO formed as a joint venture of Mike Todd and the American Optical Company for the purpose of developing and distributing a large film format presentation system incorporating a wide, curved screen with multi-channel sound.

LOMO () or Leningrad Optical Mechanical Amalgamation () is a manufacturer of advanced optical instruments, medical equipment, consumer still and movie cameras, projectors, lenses, film editors, splicers, professional sound recorders for motion-picture production based in St. Petersburg, Russia.

Optical systems can be described with Maxwell's equations, and linear propagating waves such as sound or electron beams have similar wave equations.

This phenomenon, known as gravity darkening or the von Zeipel effect, was confirmed for Altair by measurements made by the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer in 2001, and analyzed by Ohishi et al.

Through most of 1603, Kepler paused his other work to focus on optical theory ; the resulting manuscript, presented to the emperor on January 1, 1604, was published as Astronomiae Pars Optica ( The Optical Part of Astronomy ).

Optical keyboard technology was introduced in 1962 by Harley E. Kelchner for use in a typewriter machine with the purpose of reducing the noise generating by actuating the typewriter keys.

Optical theory progressed in the mid-17th century with treatises written by philosopher René Descartes, which explained a variety of optical phenomena including reflection and refraction by assuming that light was emitted by objects which produced it.

Optical brighteners have replaced bluing which was formerly used to produce the same effect.

Optical audio output was added to the 17-inch version.

1 ), Steve Jolliffe ( wind instruments and vocals on Cyclone and the following tour ; he was also part of a short-lived 1969 line-up ), Ralf Wadephul ( in collaboration with Edgar Froese recorded album Blue Dawn, but it was released only in 2006 ; also credited for one track on Optical Race ( 1988 ) and toured with the band in support of this album ), and Linda Spa ( saxophonist who appeared on numerous albums and concerts between 1990 and 1996, as well as 2005 onwards ).

In collaboration with the American Optical company Todd developed a system which was to be called " Todd-AO ".

In 1809 the mechanical part of the Optical Institute was chiefly under Fraunhofer's direction, and that same year he became one of the members of the firm.

In the early 1990s, a firm that designed and built refracting telescopes was named in his honor, Fraunhofer Systems Company, since the telescopes were based on his design but now the company is part of Burbank Optical Company.

Optical infinity — This was achieved by adjusting the focal distance so that it was above what is sometimes referred to as " optical infinity ", which is generally taken as about 30 ft or nine m. In this context, " Optical Infinity " is the distance at which, for the average adult person, the angle of view of an object at that distance is effectively the same for both the left and right eyes.

This mirror was ground and polished into its parabolic shape at the Optical Fabrication and Engineering Facility of the College of Optical Sciences of the University of Arizona ( in Tucson, Arizona ).

It was detected using the radial velocity method, based upon measurements made between 2003 and 2010 at the Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory in Korea.

At Semetex, the SDDS Chief Architect was Jaye Waas and the Chief Optical Engineer was Mark Waring.

The United Kingdom / Carl Zeiss / Bausch & Lomb Optical Works was established at Mill Hill East in 1912 and demolished in about 1990, to be replaced by a large building owned by the Jehovah Witnesses, to complement their nearby Watchtower House built on the site of the former Bittacy House.

An Optical Fiber link between Farmville, Virginia and Keysville, Virginia was the first on the agenda in efforts by Governor Mark Warner to bring broadband internet access to rural areas of Virginia, funded by the Tobacco Idemnification fund.

He was awarded the Frederic Ives Medal, the highest distinction of the Optical Society of America ( OSA ), in 2000 and became an Honorary OSA Member in 2001.

Optical IX was employed on less expensive cameras and disposable cameras, and employed a light source to expose a small section of the film, outside of the image negative area.

Optical cards were produced by Landis + Gyr and Sodeco from Switzerland and were popular early phonecards in many countries with first optical phonecards successfully introduced in 1977 in Belgium.

Gede Pardianto ( 2009 ) introduced Optical Biometry Based Cataract Grading System ( OBBCGS ) that is helpful in cataract grading due to phacoemulsification planning.

In about 2009, Guan Sheng Optical ( GSO ) corporation, a wholesale optical manufacturer, introduced a line of significantly less expensive Ritchey – Chrétien telescopes.

Optical telescopes on the Earth work at a much lower resolution than the diffraction limit because of the distortion introduced by the passage of light through several kilometres of turbulent atmosphere.

In 1957, the Asahi Optical Company ( later " Pentax ") introduced the Pentax, a 35 mm Single-lens reflex camera ( SLR ) camera which was so well received that it influenced the design of 35 mm SLRs worldwide for years to come.

In 1952 Asahi Optical introduced its first camera, the Asahiflex ( the first Japanese SLR using 35mm film ).

* Optical frequency comb for metrology and timekeeping

* Optical character recognition for printed text:

:; Optical coherence tomography ( OCT ): Testing through the use of optical scattering for coronary artery disease.

Optical technology, such as the telescope, sextant and other devices that use telescopes, allowed for accurate surveying of land and the ability of mapmakers and navigators to find their latitude by measuring angles to the North Star at night or the sun at noon.

In optics, an equivalent device for the diode but with laser light would be the Optical isolator, also known as an Optical Diode, that allows light to only pass in one direction.

The focus is on seven sectors, which stand for sustainable economic growth: Automotive, Energy Solutions, Information and Communications Technology, Life Sciences, Optical Technologies, Creative Industries and Production Engineering.

* Optical switching technology, which is used for switching technology and alignment for data communications

FireWire's high data bandwidth made it not only a suitable transmission medium for MIDI data, but also a replacement for the SCSI and IDE hard drive buses and ADAT Optical Interface audio transmission.

The primary benefit is to eliminate dependence on a particular OSI model data link layer technology, such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode ( ATM ), Frame Relay, Synchronous Optical Networking ( SONET ) or Ethernet, and eliminate the need for multiple layer-2 networks to satisfy different types of traffic.

** Optical solitons, An equilibrium solution for either an optical pulse ( temporal soliton ) or Spatial mode ( spatial soliton ) that does not change during propagation due to a balance between diffraction and the Kerr effect ( e. g. Self-phase modulation for temporal and Self-focusing for spatial solitons ).

* 1888 – Thomas Edison files a patent for the Optical Phonograph ( the first movie ).

* Efficient Placement of Audio Data on Optical Disks for Real Time Applications

* 50th Anniversary Visionary Award, SPIE – International Society for Optical Engineering, 2005

Optical ray tracing describes a method for producing visual images constructed in 3D computer graphics environments, with more photorealism than either ray casting or scanline rendering techniques.

Optical proximity correction is an example of such an advanced mask modification ; it corrects for the wave-like behavior of light when etching the nano scale features of the most modern integrated circuits.

* William Shieh, Ivan Djordjevic, OFDM for Optical Communications, Academic Press, 2009 ISBN 0-12-374879-8.

The latest industry requirements for optical fiber connectors are in Telcordia GR-326, Generic Requirements for Singlemode Optical Connectors and Jumper Assemblies.