Originally appointed by Otto I as Prince of Benevento and Capua in 961, Pandulf waged war against the Byzantines and expanded Ottonian control to include the Duchy of Spoleto in 967.

Originally, the president pro tempore was appointed on an intermittent basis when the vice president was not present to preside over the Senate.

Originally governed by a Board appointed by the original developer, in 1987 residents, led by still resident Mike Howe, won a majority of the five seats on the Board.

Originally the chief-magistrates, the consuls, appointed all new senators.

Originally it was intended that only one pier ( the East Pier ) would be built ( 3, 500 feet long ), and when John Rennie was appointed Directing Engineer for the work, he insisted that a single pier would result in sand drifting behind the pier and that a second West Pier ( 4, 950 feet long.

Originally, the polemarch was a commander of the army, but after 487 / 486 BC, when the Athenian magistrates were appointed by lot, the military duties were handled by the strategoi.

Originally an unnamed, minor character in Collodi's novel, he was transformed in the Disney version into a comical and wise partner who accompanies Pinocchio on his adventures, having been appointed by the Blue Fairy to serve as the official conscience for Pinocchio.

Originally, ministers were politically responsible solely to the King who appointed and dismissed them, although they were legally responsible to the Riksdag and a special court ( Riksrätten ) according to a special statute and to law in general if they committed legal offences ( articles 106 and 101-102 ).

Originally, triumviri were special commissions of three men appointed for specific administrative tasks apart from the regular duties of Roman magistrates.

Originally from 1962 to 1990, a High Commissioner was appointed to oversee the territory who was also Governor of the Falkland Islands.

Originally Councillors were appointed for life, but later their terms were fixed at seven years.

Originally, Canadian John Davy was appointed Chief Executive of Maori Television back in 2002.

Originally ( in 1758 ), the Legislature consisted of the Governor ( later a Lieutenant Governor ), the appointed Council ( upper chamber ) ( which met in the Red Chamber shown on the right and now used for committee meetings and social functions ) and the elected House of Assembly ( lower chamber ).

Originally taken on a researcher, he was with Granada Television from 1967 to 1986 where he was soon appointed joint editor of World in Action with John Birt ; Macdonald had an association with the programme for many years.

Originally appointed to the office by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, Quinn was the last executive of an era of Republican rule over the Hawaiian Islands which began during the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893, and the last Republican to serve as Governor until Linda Lingle in 2002.

Originally a mason, George Dance was appointed Clerk of the City works to the City of London.

Originally an appointed office, it is now an office filled by election through universal suffrage.

Originally, the attorney general was appointed by the legislature.

Originally the people living in the hofje were members of this church, but nowadays only the board of the hofje is appointed by the Lutheran Church.

Originally, these were basilicas under the direction of a permanently appointed presbyter and corresponding to what would now be called parish churches.

Originally, the Executive Council functioned as an advisory group to the Governor, and ministerial functions were performed appointed officials, not politicians.

Originally, the team had appointed Donnelly as ' number one driver ' ( partnering Häkkinen and Bailey ) as Martin was expected to come back racing by April 1991.

Originally only vacant abbeys, or those that were temporarily without an actual superior, were given in commendam, in the latter case only until an actual superior was elected or appointed.

Originally, the assembly was unicameral, but in 1650, the Governor and his appointed council began serving as the upper house of a now bicameral legislature.

Originally, the Church of England was self-contained and relied for its unity and identity on its own history, its traditional legal and episcopal structure and its status as an established church of the state.

Originally designed as a lightweight anchor for seaplanes, this design consists of two plow-like blades mounted to a shank, with a folding stock crossing through the crown of the anchor.

Originally referred to as Baby for several months, she was eventually named Abby May after her mother.

Originally a cupbearer ( Rabshaqe ) to a king of Kish with a Semitic name, Ur-Zababa, Sargon thus became a gardener, responsible for the task of clearing out irrigation canals.

Originally based on the date used to calculate the age of fruit trees for tithing as mandated in Leviticus 19: 23 – 25, the holiday now is most often observed by planting trees, or raising money to plant trees.

Originally released for the IBM 6150 RISC workstation, AIX now supports or has supported a wide variety of hardware platforms, including the IBM RS / 6000 series and later IBM POWER and PowerPC-based systems, IBM System i, System / 370 mainframes, PS / 2 personal computers, and the Apple Network Server.

Originally known as Buckingham House, the building which forms the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1705 on a site which had been in private ownership for at least 150 years.

Originally intended for writing compilers for other languages, BCPL is no longer in common use.

Originally the word " broadband " had a technical meaning, but became a marketing term for any kind of relatively high-speed computer network or Internet access technology.

Originally hired as an easel painter, in 1935 Alston became the first African American supervisor to work for the WPA's Federal Art Project in New York, which would also serve as his first mural work.

Originally the term " Bronze Age " meant that either copper or bronze was being used as the chief hard substance for the manufacture of tools and weapons.

Originally, computer monitors were used for data processing while television receivers were used for entertainment.

Originally, it was a summer program for disadvantaged youth, although it has grown into an AmeriCorps-sponsored non-profit organization with six regional offices that serve Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, and North and South Dakota.

Originally released for PC DOS, the games have later been ported to numerous other platforms.

Originally, these privileges and immunities were granted on a bilateral, ad hoc basis, which led to misunderstandings and conflict, pressure on weaker states, and an inability for other states to judge which party was at fault.

Originally much of the west shore of Upper New York Bay consisted of large tidal flats which hosted vast oyster banks, a major source of food for the Lenape population who lived in the area prior to the arrival of Dutch settlers.

Originally employed by the Mathematisch Centrum in Amsterdam, he held a professorship at the Eindhoven University of Technology, worked as a research fellow for Burroughs Corporation in the early 1980s, and later held the Schlumberger Centennial Chair in Computer Sciences at the University of Texas at Austin, in the United States.

Originally researched by Dr. Jon Parmentola for the U. S. Army, it has grown into a very plausible successor to a standard solid propellant tank gun.

Originally, the event was for amateurs only, however, since the 1984 Summer Olympics professional players have been permitted, albeit with certain restrictions which prevent countries from fielding their strongest sides.

Originally developed on IRIX, Freeciv has been ported to many different operating systems: it is distributed with many Linux distributions, offers installers for Microsoft Windows, and has been known to run on Mac OS X, Solaris, Ultrix, QNX, OS / 2, Cygwin, AmigaOS, RISC OS, Maemo, ZETA, SkyOS and various BSDs.

Originally developed by IBM at their campus in south San Jose, California in the 1950s for scientific and engineering applications, Fortran came to dominate this area of programming early on and has been in continual use for over half a century in computationally intensive areas such as numerical weather prediction, finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics, computational physics and computational chemistry.