Originally titled Chant de guerre pour l ' Armée du Rhin (" War Song for the Army of the Rhine "), the song was written and composed by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle in 1792.

Originally, the deck had to be composed by combining two poker, piquet or euchre decks and removing unneeded cards ( a piquet deck does not have the 2-6, making it easier to modify, and a euchre deck is exactly half a pinochle deck ), but with the game's popularity in the United States in the early 1900s, a single boxed deck with the necessary cards was marketed, and these specialized pinochle decks are now widely available in similar styles to common 52-card counterparts.

Originally, the Supreme Court held that the Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial indicated a right to “ a trial by jury as understood and applied at common law, and includes all the essential elements as they were recognized in this country and England when the Constitution was adopted .” Therefore, it was held that juries had to be composed of twelve persons and that verdicts had to be unanimous, as was customary in England.

Originally founded by Kool Keith, the group is composed of Ced Gee, TR Love, and Moe Love.

Originally a Brythonic settlement called * Durou ̯ ernon ( composed of the ancient British roots * duro-" stronghold ", * u ̯ erno-" alder tree "), it was renamed Durovernum Cantiacorum by the Roman conquerors in the 1st century AD.

Originally a set of pieces composed and published for the Güntherschule ( students ranging from 12 to 22 ), this title was also used for his books based on radio broadcasts in Bavaria in 1949.

Originally all broadcasting was composed of analog signals using analog transmission techniques and more recently broadcasters have switched to digital signals using digital transmission.

Originally heavily forested, these hills consisted of piles and ridges of natural gravel and sand, remnants of the terminal moraines placed by the southern reach of glaciers during the last great Ice Age ; “... they are composed of a mass of sand and gravel, intermingled with a small quantity of yellow clay .”

Originally a silent film with no dialogue, music for the film was composed by Deren's third husband Teiji Itō in 1952.

Originally all alliterative poetry was composed and transmitted orally, and much has been lost through time since it went unrecorded.

Originally composed in 1941-42, to a libretto by Konstantin Derzhavin ( ru ) and choreographed by his wife Nina Aleksandrovna Anisimova, the score was revised in 1952, and in 1957, with a new plot.

Originally, the Legion was composed mainly of Italian soldiers, but by the 3rd century CE the legion was almost entirely of Punic and Libyan origin.

Originally composed of nobles, the intelligentsia came to be dominated by classless people ( raznochintsy ) after 1861.

Originally composed as a ballet commissioned by Russian ballerina Ida Rubinstein, the piece, which premiered in 1928, is Ravel's most famous musical composition.

Originally composed around 1192, it was afterwards extended and divided into several branches

Originally coterminous with the ecclesiastical province of Rouen composed of the northern portion of the province of Neustria that was centered around Rouen on the Seine, it was later expanded by Rollo's conquests southward to include the areas of Évreux and Alençon and westward into Breton territory.

Originally, the group was composed of Gez Varley and Mark Bell.

Originally composed as the national anthem for the short-lived West Indies Federation ( 1958-1962 ), this song was adopted by Trinidad and Tobago when it became independent in 1962.

Originally, in the 1960s through the 1980s, the organic food industry was composed of mainly small, independent farmers, selling locally.

Originally, North York was known as a regional agricultural hub composed of scattered villages.

Originally it was composed of numerous frazioni, isolated villages and hamlets, but with the advent of the tourism from the 1950s it grew rapidly.

Originally, their music was entirely composed on a small portable MIDI sequencer, a Yamaha QY70, which has often been mistaken for a Game Boy.

Originally, it was not an LED ( light-emitting diode ) display — each display consisted of multiple modules composed of 16 or more small flood-gate CRTs ( cathode ray tubes ), each of which included two to 16 pixels composed of green, red, and blue phosphors.

Originally composed as an instrumental following the traditional 32-bar format and first recorded for Garner's 1955 album Contrasts, the tune later had lyrics by Johnny Burke and became the signature song of Johnny Mathis, appearing on his 1959 album Heavenly and reaching # 12 on the U. S. Pop Singles chart later that year.

Originally recorded by hand, these words have been copied and recopied, translated and retranslated through the ages.

Originally called Rijndael, the cipher was developed by two Belgian cryptographers, Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen, who submitted to the AES selection process.

Originally based on the date used to calculate the age of fruit trees for tithing as mandated in Leviticus 19: 23 – 25, the holiday now is most often observed by planting trees, or raising money to plant trees.

Originally applied to any group of infantry primarily armed with projectile weapons, artillery has over time become limited in meaning to refer only to those engines of war that operate by projection of munitions far beyond the effective range of personal weapons.

Originally, the B ( wireline ) side license was usually owned by the local phone company, and the A ( non-wireline ) license was given to wireless telephone providers.

Originally exercised by a single person, the office of Lord High Admiral was from the 18th century onward almost invariably put " in commission " and exercised by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, who sat on the Board of Admiralty.

Originally voiced by Mike Judge in " The Crush ", later by Rottilio Michieli, Todd is a trashy deadbeat and a violent criminal.

Originally BBSes were accessed only over a phone line using a modem, but by the early 1990s some BBSes allowed access via a Telnet, packet switched network, or packet radio connection.

Originally developed by Ericsson, Bluetooth technology is now used in many different products by many different manufacturers.

Originally, poorly organised Lions teams regularly suffered defeat at the hands of their hosts, but by 1955 the tourists took the matches seriously enough to obtain a 2 – 2 draw in South Africa.

Originally published by Fantasy Games Unlimited in 1976, only two years after the first role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons was published, this edition is now long out of print.

Originally written as a novel series by Wang Du Lu starting in the late 1930s, the film is adapted from the storyline of the fourth book in the series, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon.

; CMUCL: Originally from Carnegie Mellon University, now maintained as free and open source software by a group of volunteers.

Originally, however, this referred to certain key priests of important churches of the Diocese of Rome, who were recognized as the cardinal priests, the important priests chosen by the pope to advise him in his duties as Bishop of Rome ( the Latin cardo means " hinge ").

Originally called the Pioneer Mill, it was built by John R. Yale.

Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century.

Originally, the members of the Cheka were exclusively Bolshevik ; however, in January 1918, the Left SRs also joined the organization The Left SRs were expelled or arrested later in 1918, following the attempted assassination of Lenin by an SR, Fanni Kaplan.

Originally rebuffed by her in the early-1920s, Chiang managed to ingratiate himself to some degree with Soong May-ling's mother by first divorcing his wife and concubines, and promising to eventually convert to Christianity.

Originally performed with two-handed comb scoops, dry picking is today accomplished by motorized, walk-behind harvesters which must be small enough to traverse beds without damaging the vines.

Originally published in 2010 by Allen Lane, a Penguin Books imprint.