Ingle later noted that Orwell did not accept the existence of an afterlife, believing in the finality of death while living and advocating a moral code based on Judeo-Christian beliefs.

Orwell was noted for very close and enduring friendships with a few friends, but these were generally people with a similar background or with a similar level of literary ability.

The writers Peter Stansky and William Abrahams, in their 1972 The Unknown Orwell, noted :" Eric Blair looked back unforgivingly on the world before 1914-it was that world that had sent him to his prep school-while George Orwell could believe it was superior to what came after it, and looked back to it nostalgically in Coming Up for Air.

While members with a training in scientific socialism have been surprised at the naïveté of the second part, they have found it valuable, as showing how much education they still have to do .." Orwell biographers Stansky & Abrahams noted: " But Gollancz and Laski, believing in a scientific rather than an emotional socialism, believing ( in 1937 ) that it was still possible to equip people to fight against war and Fascism, were caught in a time warp: history was leaving them behind.

The writers Peter Stansky and William Abrahams noted in their study of Orwell that, " Very likely the tininess of The Stores, house in Wallington, Hertfordshire, where they kept animals in the garden -, appealed to her fantasy side.

In a letter to George Woodcock on 28 September 1946, Orwell noted that there were two or three books he was ashamed of and called A Clergyman's Daughter an even worse one than Keep the Aspidistra Flying and said " it was written simply as an exercise and I oughtn't to have published it, but I was desperate for money ".

* Burmese Days, a novel by George Orwell ; several associates of Flory are noted to have died of blackwater fever in chapter 5

Ribbentrop made for Moscow, where, as both Orwell and Koestler noted, swastikas adorned the airport of the capital of the homeland of socialism.

Orwell noted Reed dismissed the Nazis ' persecution of German Jews, and even the pogroms, as just " propaganda.

Mrs Wilkes spotted Orwell looking sad on his arrival and tried to comfort him, but noted " there was no warmth in him ".

According to him, the ' Committee's use of Orwell is both confused and confusing '.

Andrew N. Rubin argues, " Orwell claimed that we should be attentive to how the use of language has limited our capacity for critical thought just as we should be equally concerned with the ways in which dominant modes of thinking have reshaped the very language that we use.

Orwell may have been the first to use the term cold war, in his essay, " You and the Atom Bomb ", published in Tribune, 19 October 1945.

* " Politics and the English Language " ( 1946 ), by George Orwell, criticizing the use of verbose language in contemporary political British writing.

Orwell tried to promote the use of more precise language in political discourse, and he criticised political language popular at the time, such as " running-dog lackey " and " Fascist octopus ", which he said prevented thought.

In his essay " Politics and the English Language ", Orwell derided the use of cliché and dying metaphors, which " even think your thoughts for you, to a certain extent " and went on to say " But if thought corrupts language, language can also corrupt thought.

George Orwell and Tom Wintringham made especially extensive use of the term " blimps ", Orwell in his articles and Wintringham in his books How to Reform the Army and People's War, with exactly the above meaning in mind.

Orwell said it was easy for his contemporaries to slip into bad writing of the sort he described and that the temptation to use meaningless or hackneyed phrases was like a " packet of aspirins always at one's elbow.

Orwell notes that writers of modern prose tend not to write in concrete terms but use a " pretentious latinized style ," ( compare Anglish ) and he compares an original biblical text with a parody in " modern English " to show what he means.

Orwell makes it clear that he has " not been considering the literary use of language, but merely language as an instrument for expressing and not for concealing thought.

George Orwell in Politics and the English Language ( 1946 ) criticized the use of euphemisms and convoluted phrasing as a means of hiding insincerity.

Although the poem was written a year before she met Orwell, there are striking similarities between the futuristic vision of O ' Shaughnessy's poem and that of Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, including the use of mind control, and the eradication of personal freedom by a police state.

" Nevertheless, Orwell wrote " Both books use unprintable words, both are in some sense autobiographical, but that is all.

Orwell did not invent the term " two minutes hate "; it was already in use in the First World War.

In 1946, in the essay Politics and the English Language ( 1946 ), George Orwell recommended the active voice as an elementary principle of composition: " Never use the passive where you can use the active.

Orwell also claims that he was accepted as a boarder at St Cyprians – at half of the usual fees – so that he might earn a scholarship that would look good in the school's publicity, and that his training relied heavily on the use of beatings, while the rich boys received preferential treatment and were exempted from corporal punishment.

Dr. Orwell was killed just before she got the chance to slash Sunny's throat, when she accidentally backed into a saw that had been turned on for use in her and Count Olaf's conspiracy to steal the Baudelaire fortune.

Chapter Five explores unemployment and Orwell explains that the unemployment statistics of the time are misleading.

In his essay " Politics and the English Language ", George Orwell observes that political language serves to distort and obfuscate reality.

Orwell also uses the technique of false document in an appendix to the same novel, titled " The Principles of Newspeak ," where Orwell offers a linguistic guide to Oceania's official language, Newspeak from the perspective of the country's ruling party, along with policy prescriptions for how the language may develop in the future.

A colleague, Roger Beadon, recalled ( in a 1969 recording for the BBC ) that Orwell was fast to learn the language and that before he left Burma, " was able to speak fluently with Burmese priests in ' very high-flown Burmese.

In his essay Politics and the English Language ( 1946 ), Orwell wrote about the importance of precise and clear language, arguing that vague writing can be used as a powerful tool of political manipulation because it shapes the way we think.

In Nineteen Eighty-Four Orwell described a totalitarian government that controlled thought by controlling language, making certain ideas literally unthinkable.

* Orwell ( programming language ), a functional programming language

George Orwell wrote his novel Nineteen Eighty-Four on the isolated island of Jura, Scotland to describe how a man ( Winston Smith ) attempts to develop critical conscience in a totalitarian state which watches every action of the people and manipulates their thinking with a mixture of propaganda, endless war and thought control through language control ( double think and newsspeak ) to the point where prisoners look up to and even love their torturers.

" Orwell believed that, because this writing was intended to hide the truth rather than express it, the language used was necessarily vague or meaningless.

The insincerity of the writer perpetuates the decline of the language as people ( particularly politicians, Orwell later notes ) attempt to disguise their intentions behind euphemisms and convoluted phrasing.

Terry Eagleton praised its demystification of political language but later became disenchanted with Orwell.

MacInnes's Cold War writing, in particular, through the images that hide the grim reality of betrayal, is a literary extension of George Orwell.

Orwell ’ s description of political speech is extremely similar to the contemporary definition of doublespeak ;

For his political writings on doublespeak and hypocrisy, Noam Chomsky received the Orwell Award ( which ' recognizes writers who have made outstanding contributions to the critical analysis of public discourse ') in 1987 and 1989.

Shortly afterwards, the political crisis began in Spain and Orwell followed developments there closely.

Orwell stepped into a complex political situation in Catalonia.

At the BBC, Orwell introduced Voice, a literary programme for his Indian broadcasts, and by now was leading an active social life with literary friends, particularly on the political left.

For the next four years Orwell mixed journalistic work – mainly for Tribune, The Observer and the Manchester Evening News, though he also contributed to many small-circulation political and literary magazines – with writing his best-known work, Nineteen Eighty-Four, which was published in 1949.

" Rodden refers to the essay " Why I Write ", in which Orwell refers to the Spanish Civil War as being his " watershed political experience ", saying " The Spanish War and other events in 1936 – 37, turned the scale.

Apart from obvious political considerations that saw works such as those of George Orwell being banned, access to foreign art and literature was also restricted on aesthetic grounds.

On the communist role in Spain, Hobsbawm writes simply that " its pros and cons continue to be discussed in the political and historical literature ", and refers to Orwell, not by his literary name, but as " an upper-class Englishman called Eric Blair ".

* Orwell Prize, British prize for political writing

Orwell said that political prose was formed " to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind.

This is particularly the case in political writing when Orwell notes that " rthodoxy ... seems to demand a lifeless, imitative style.

In his biography of Orwell, Michael Shelden called the article " his most important essay on style ", while Bernard Crick made no reference to the work at all in his original biography, reserving his praise for Orwell's essays in Polemic, which cover a similar political theme.

After being shortlisted in 2007 and 2009, Hitchens won the Orwell Prize in political journalism in 2010.

He was creative about institutional politics, as ' The Reform of Parliament ' ( 1964 ) makes clear, but his biography of Orwell, well-researched and competent, operated at the middle range of political theory with which ( at least on one view – nothing is uncontroversial ) he was most at home.

In 1993 Crick set up the Orwell Prize with sponsorship from The Political Quarterly to honour political writing.

Notable former pupils include historian P. J. Marshall, architect Sir Nicholas Grimshaw, impressionist Rory Bremner, Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge, author Sebastian Faulks, language school pioneer John Haycraft, political journalist Robin Oakley, actor Sir Christopher Lee, writer George Orwell, author Rupert Croft-Cooke, poet Gavin Ewart, composer John Gardner, world champion motor racing driver James Hunt, Leader of the House of Lords Lord Strathclyde, journalist and television presenter Peter Snow, the UK Pop Idol winner Will Young, and BRIT Award-nominated singer Nerina Pallot, and the rugby union players James Haskell and the brothers Max and Thom Evans.

Some ten years later, the Dewey Commission was cited in great detail, when in an open letter to the British press dated 25 February 1946, written by George Orwell and signed by Arthur Koestler, C. E. M. Joad, Frank Horrabin, George Padmore, Julian Symons, H. G. Wells, F. A. Ridley, C. A. Smith and John Baird, among others, it was suggested that the Nuremberg Trials then underway were an invaluable opportunity for establishing " historical truth and bearing upon the political integrity " of figures of international standing.