* 982 – Holy Roman Emperor Otto II is defeated by the Saracens in the battle of Capo Colonna, in Calabria

# Hedwig ( d. 1203 ), married to Otto II, Margrave of Meissen

Among their children, four lived to maturity: Henry, born in 952 ; Bruno, born 953 ; Matilda, the first Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg, born about 954 ; and Otto II, later Holy Roman Emperor, born 955.

When her husband Otto I died in 973 he was succeeded by their son Otto II, and Adelaide for some years exercised a powerful influence at court.

Later, however, her daughter-in-law, the Byzantine princess Theophano, turned her husband Otto II against his mother, and she was driven from court in 978 ; she lived partly in Italy, and partly with her brother Conrad, king of Burgundy, by whose mediation she was ultimately reconciled to her son ; in 983 Otto appointed her as his viceroy in Italy.

The defeat was so decisive that Otto was deposed and replaced by Frederick II Hohenstaufen, Ferrand and Renaud were captured and imprisoned and King John of England was forced to sign the Magna Carta by his discontented barons.

In the aftermath of the battle, Otto retreated to his castle of Harzburg and was soon overthrown as Holy Roman Emperor, and replaced by Frederick II.

When, after the death of Emperor Otto I in 973, a struggle for the supremacy in Germany began, both Dobrawa's husband and brother Boleslav II the Pious, Duke of Bohemia, supported the same candidate for the German throne, Duke Henry II of Bavaria.

Between 1240 and 1270, Dachau was granted market privileges, first by Duke Otto II, and then by his son, Duke Ludwig II der Strenge.

After the removal of the powerful Chancellor Otto von Bismarck in 1890 following the death of Emperor Wilhelm I, the young Emperor Wilhelm II engaged in increasingly reckless foreign policies that left the Empire isolated.

In 983, when Henry II, Duke of Bavaria rebelled against the then child Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor, the Magyars occupied Melk.

This also renewed the conflict with the Eastern Emperor in Constantinople, especially after Otto's son Otto II ( r. 967 – 83 ) adopted the designation imperator Romanorum.

Their son, Otto III, focused his attention on Italy and Rome and employed widespread diplomacy but died young in 1002, to be succeeded by his cousin Henry II, who focused on Germany.

As his son, Frederick II, though already elected king, was still a small child and living in Sicily, German princes chose to elect an adult king, which resulted in the dual election of Frederick Barbarossa's youngest son Philip of Swabia and Henry the Lion's son Otto of Brunswick, who competed for the crown.

Pope Innocent III, who feared the threat posed by a union of the Empire and Sicily, now supported Sicily's king Frederick II, who marched to Germany and defeated Otto.

Pope Innocent III initially had supported the Welfs, but when Otto, now sole elected monarch, moved to appropriate Sicily, Innocent changed sides and accepted young Frederick II and his ally, King Philip II of France, who defeated Otto at the 1214 Battle of Bouvines.

His grandson, Otto II, was the first to take the fortress name as his own, adding " von Habsburg " to his title.

If Philip II Augustus supported Philip of Swabia, member of the House of Hohenstaufen, then Richard Lionheart supported Otto IV, member of the House of Welf.

The campaign was designed by John, who was the fulcrum of the alliances ; his plan being to draw the French away from Paris southward against himself and keep him occupied, while the main army, under Emperor Otto IV, marched on Paris from the north.

Here too the Imperial forces suffered defeat, Otto himself being saved only by the devotion of a handful of Saxon knights.

In 1913 Germany jailed a number of military officers for selling secrets to Krupp, in what was known as the “ Kornwalzer scandal .” Gustav was not himself penalized and fired only a single director, Otto Eccius.

Otto's election pulled the empire into the conflict between England and France, since Philip had allied himself with the French king, Philip II, and Otto was supported at first by Richard I, and after his death in 1199, by his brother John.

Otto himself also seemed willing to grant any demands that Innocent would make.

Consequently, Otto would have been too preoccupied to concern himself over the papal succession at this juncture.

It is the business of the pope to look after the interests of the Roman empire, since the empire derives its origin and its final authority from the papacy ; its origin, because it was originally transferred from Greece by and for the sake of the papacy ... its final authority, because the emperor is raised to his position by the pope who blesses him, crowns him and invests him with the empire .... Therefore, since three persons have lately been elected king by different parties, namely the youth son of Henry VI, Philip Hohenstaufen, brother of Henry VI, and Otto Brunswick, of the Welf family, so also three things must be taken into account in regard to each one, namely: the legality, the suitability and the expediency of his election ...... Far be it from us that we should defer to man rather than to God, or that we should fear the countenance of the powerful .... On the foregoing grounds, then, we decide that the youth should not at present be given the empire ; we utterly reject Philip for his manifest unfitness and we order his usurpation to be resisted by all .... since Otto is not only himself devoted to the church, but comes from devout ancestors on both sides ..... therefore we decree that he ought to be accepted and supported as king, and ought to be given the crown of empire, after the rights of the Roman church have been secured.

Otto himself also seemed willing to grant any demands that Innocent would make.

Otto joins the agency as a repo man himself.

* Otto of Bamberg is suspended by the Pope, and Norbert of Xanten defends himself against charges of heresy at the Synod of Fritzlar.

According to the chronicler Widukind of Corvey, Otto " pitched his camp in the territory of the city of Augsburg and joined there the forces of Henry I, Duke of Bavaria, who was himself lying mortally ill nearby, and by Duke Conrad with a large following of Franconian knights.

About 3, 000 Saxons, were commanded by Otto himself.

A few years later, on the strength of this, Otto went to Rome and had himself crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope John XII.

Following a failed rebellion to claim the throne from himself, Henry II was forced to pass the regency to Otto III's mother Theophanu.

In summer 995, Otto III sent Archbishop of Piacenza John Philagathos to Constantinople as his representative to arrange a marriage between himself and a Byzantine princess.

During the 986 expedition against the Slavs, Otto III received the homage of Duke Meiszko I of Poland, who provided the German army with military assistance and provided Otto III himself a gift of a camel.

With Otto III was still a child and his regent, his mother the Empress Theophanu, absent from Italy, Crescentius II took the title of Patricius Romanorum ( Patrician of the Romans ) and became the effective ruler of the city, though he did not act entirely independent of the imperial authority, presenting himself as a lieutenant of the Emperor.

Despite submitting to Otto III, Crescentius shut himself in his family's stronghold, the Tomb of Hadrian, out of fear of retribution.

Influenced by the ruin of ancient Rome and perhaps by his Byzantine mother, Otto III dreamed of restoration of the glory and power of the ancient Roman Empire, with himself at the head of a theocratic state.

In order to strengthen his title to both the Roman Empire and announce his position as the protector of Christendom, Otto III took for himself the titles " the Servant of Jesus Christ ," " the Servant of the Apostles ", " Consul of the Senate and People of Rome ," and " Emperor of the World ".

This was part of Otto III's campaign to further link himself with both the Roman Empire and the Church.

It is during this period of consolidation of power that he allied himself with Otto III, the Emperor of Germany, when in 995 he aided the Holy Roman Emperor in his expedition against the Lusatians.

Otto took refuge in Germany and Bezprym escaped to the Kievan Rus.

In 1208 he began to build the present Cathedral of Magdeburg, which was only consecrated in 1263, and never entirely finished ; Günther I ( 1277 – 79 ) hardly escaped a serious war with the Margrave Otto IV, who was incensed because his brother Eric of Brandenburg had not been elected archbishop.

When he escaped to West Germany, Richter began to study at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf under Karl Otto Götz.

On September 27, 1915, inmate Otto Hooker escaped from a work gang at the prison and Minto was one of many law enforcement personnel who went searching for the escaped prisoner.