Direct reciprocity and cooperation in a group can be increased by changing the focus and incentives from intra-group competition to larger scale competitions such as between groups or against the general population.

On 26 June, Alexei died in the Petropavlovskaya fortress in Saint Petersburg, two days after the senate had condemned him to death for conspiring rebellion against his father, and for hoping for the cooperation of the common people and the armed intervention of his brother-in-law, the emperor.

But the refusal to give the Protestants the right to vote and the consternation produced by the success of Maurice in his campaign against Charles V in 1552 effectually put an end to Protestant cooperation.

The usual incentive to cooperate is some form of plea bargain i. e. an offer to drop or reduce criminal charges against a suspect in return for full cooperation.

Corporate cooperation against environmental lobbyists has been organized by the Wise Use group.

On 10 June 2005, Foreign Minister Tavola signed a Memorandum of Understanding with his New Zealand counterpart, Phil Goff, aimed at fostering cooperation in the fight against terrorism.

Sylvia Tamale argues that this was done not only in defiance of the council's cooperation with the colonial authorities, but also in protest against its interference with women's decisions about their own rituals.

In 1995, he successfully defended his province against the Taliban, in cooperation with Massoud.

According to the Masurian Institute the Masurian members of resistance against Nazi Germany who survived the war, became active in 1945 in the region, working in Olsztyn in cooperation with new state authorities in administration, education and cultural affairs

Pan-Arabism is an ideology espousing the unification – or, sometimes, close cooperation and solidarity against perceived enemies of the Arabs – of the countries of the Arab world, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea.

In order to secure the cooperation of all his vassals in his plans for the invasion, Philip denounced John as an enemy of the Church, thereby justifying his attack against him as being solely for religious reasons.

A 1992 Central Intelligence Agency report " acknowledged that the FARC had become increasingly involved in drugs through their ' taxing ' of the trade in areas under their geographical control and that in some cases the insurgents protected trafficking infrastructure to further fund their insurgency ," but also described the relationship between the FARC and the drug traffickers as one " characterized by both cooperation and friction " and concluded that " we do not believe that the drug industry Colombia would be substantially disrupted in the short term by attacks against guerrillas.

The security doctrine still states that " Sweden pursues a policy of non-participation in military alliances ," but permits cooperation in response to threats against peace and security.

While some argued that it went against Sweden's historic policy of neutrality, where Sweden had not joined during the Cold War because it was seen as incompatible with neutrality, others viewed the move as a natural extension of the economic cooperation that had been going on since 1972 with the EU.

They agreed to strengthen the fight against terrorism and also discussed cooperation in the fields of economy, trade and investment.

Franco-Spanish bilateral cooperation is enhanced by joint action against Basque ETA terrorism.

* Tens of thousands demonstrate in Pakistan against the government's cooperation with United States.

Despite their initial cooperation against " revisionism ," Hoxha denounced Mao as a revisionist, along with almost every other self-identified Communist organization in the world.

In such a struggle for existence altruism ( voluntarily yielding a benefit to a non-relative ) and even cooperation ( working with another for a mutual benefit ) seem so antithetical to self-interest as to be the very kind of behavior that should be selected against.

To address the growing power of the Count of Anjou, Geoffrey Martel, William joined with King Henry in a campaign against him, the last known cooperation between the two.

* July – Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq threatens to end all cooperation with UNSCOM and IAEA, if sanctions against the country are not lifted by August 31.

* August 4 – Croatian forces launch Operation Storm against Serbian forces in Krajina, with the cooperation of the ARBiH, and force them to withdraw to central Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Irenaeus the friend of Nestorius, with the cooperation of Theodoret, became bishop of Tyre, in spite of the protests of Dioscorus, Cyril's successor, who now turned specially against Theodoret ; and, by preferring the charge that he taught two sons in Christ, he secured the order from the court confining Theodoret to Cyrrhus.

With the cooperation of some local tribes, the Portuguese entered the slave trade and exported large numbers of Africans to the Western Hemisphere via the Cape Verde Islands.

Here the French, the Belgian King Leopold II and the Portuguese, in close cooperation with the British, fought for control of this area.

Also that month, the Serbian Minister of Science and Technological Development met a Portuguese delegation and discussed cooperation in energy efficiency, nanotechnology, and the food industry, with plans to sign a co-operation agreement on science and technology by the end of 2008.

* In June 2009, Serbian Prime Minister Mirko Cvetković met with Portuguese parliamentary speaker Jaime Gama, and discussed improvements to bilateral cooperation.

English aid to the House of Aviz set the stage for the cooperation with England that would be the cornerstone of Portuguese foreign policy for more than five hundred years.

* in Portuguese — Conselho para Assistência Económica Mútua, CAEM ( Mozambique had a cooperation agreement.

Despite the atmosphere of cooperation between some quilombos and the surrounding Portuguese settlements, they were almost always eventually destroyed.

During the revolutionary period of 1974 and 1975, the MRPP was accused ( mainly by the Portuguese Communist Party ) of being an agent of the CIA-a belief that was fueled by the cooperation between the MRPP and the Socialist Party against the communist program defended by Portuguese Communist Party.

* November 2010-Signed a cooperation agreement with Instituto Superior Técnico making IST the Portuguese Campus of Tongji University

One should highlight his actions concerning the problems of the Anglo-German negotiations on the division of the Portuguese colonies and his cooperation with the Portuguese governments regarding the Portuguese participation on the war at the formal request of Great Britain.

There is anecdotal evidence that the Portuguese were given permission to settle Macau in the 1550s in exchange for cooperation with the Ming authorities against the Wokou.

Another evidence of this concern is the priority given to Continuing Education, with the development of multidisciplinary courses, the establishment of cooperation protocols, the training of teachers, the foundation of the Association of Portuguese Universities for Continuing Education and the providing of e-learning courses.

The University of Porto is deeply committed to the development of its international relations, taking part in several university networks and cooperation groups — not only within Europe but also extending to the southern hemisphere countries of Portuguese language.

From 1961 on, the PAIGC fought a guerrilla warfare campaign in cooperation with its fraternal party umbrella group, the CONCP, during the Portuguese Colonial War.

The main goal of the organization was cooperation of the different national liberation movement in Portuguese colonies.

The Portuguese Navy (, also known as Marinha de Guerra Portuguesa or as Armada Portuguesa ) is the naval branch of the Portuguese Armed Forces which, in cooperation and integrated with the other branches of the Portuguese military, is charged with the military defence of Portugal.

The Dutch were in contact with the Kandyan court as early as 1602, but it wasn ’ t until 1632 that the Kandyan monarch, Raja Sinha II, invited Dutch cooperation in expelling the Portuguese from the island.

In 1985 Madagascar, Mauritius, and Seychelles agreed to admit Comoros as the fourth member of the Indian Ocean Commission ( IOC ), an organization established in 1982 to encourage regional cooperation.

India and Japan signed a security cooperation agreement in which both will hold military exercises, police the Indian Ocean and conduct military-to-military exchanges on fighting terrorism, making India one of only three countries, the other two being the United States and Australia, with which Japan has such a security pact.

As part of the Sixth Development Plan, the Department of Public Works, in cooperation with the Indian Border Roads Organization, made plans to construct and upgrade of roads and to extend the road network through the five major river valleys by 1992.

At the outset, the party was committed to positive inter-racial harmony and cooperation and obtaining a fair share of the economic cake for the Indian community.

Secretary of State William L. Marcy gave Gadsden clear instructions: he was to secure the Mesilla Valley for the purposes of building a railroad through it, convince Mexico that the US had done its best regarding the Indian raids, and elicit Mexican cooperation in efforts by US citizens to build a canal or railroad across the Tenhuantepec isthmus.

This had never worked before, even during the French and Indian War, and there was no political mechanism in place that would have ensured the success of such cooperation.

Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press in cooperation with the American Indian Studies Research Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington.

Indian Booksellers however, are unwilling to fulfill foreign purchase orders, which means that a local individual is needed to buy the books on his account and ship them, a worthwhile practice for any inter-university cooperation.

In the same year, with cooperation of three other denominations, it formed the United Andean Indian Mission, an agency that sent missionaries to Ecuador.

In 1946, with cooperation of three other denominations, it formed the United Andean Indian Mission, an agency that sent missionaries to Ecuador.

Indian cooperation in the destruction of Aztec power ensured that Cortés would have to take allied interests into consideration as well.

But the Indian government did not remain in close cooperation with Bangladesh during Mujib's lifetime.

During the Aga Khan's installation ceremonies in the Indian subcontinent, the Aga Khan stressed his commitment to improving the standard of living of Nizari Ismailis and encouraged cooperation with individuals of other religions.

Contemporary Indian feminists are fighting for and against: individual autonomy, rights, freedom, independence, tolerance, cooperation, nonviolence and diversity, domestic violence, gender, stereotypes, sexuality, discrimination, sexism, non-objectification, freedom from patriarchy, the right to an abortion, reproductive rights, control of the female body, the right to a divorce, equal pay, maternity leave, breast feeding, prostitution, and education.

Attempts were made from 1965 to 1968 by the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ), in cooperation with the Indian Intelligence Bureau ( IB ), to place a nuclear-powered telemetry relay listening on the summit of Nanda Devi.

The Coast Guard works in close cooperation with the Indian Navy, Department of Fisheries, Department of Revenue ( Customs ) and the Central and State police forces.

Muslim Mujahedin was an islamist guerrilla group, that turned themselves in to the government in 1995 and developed cooperation with the Indian army.

RCPI were against the new Popular Frontist politics of CPI and the cooperation with the Indian National Congress.

Ahead of the 2004 a cooperation with the Indian National Congress was discussed.

In 1946, with cooperation of three other denominations, it formed the United Andean Indian Mission, an agency that sent missionaries to Ecuador.

The Indian Ocean Commission ( COI ), known as the Commission de l ' Océan Indien in French, is an intergovernmental organization that joins Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, France ( for Réunion ), and the Seychelles together to encourage cooperation.

Since the Nepali Congress, according to him, were Indian puppets cooperation with them was not feasible.

SEAC saw the alternative to cooperation with the AFPFL to be a difficult counterinsurgency campaign in Burma at a time when British troops were being withdrawn from Asia, and the Indian Army could no longer be counted on to impose British rule in places like Burma.

The Students ’ Federation of India fully supports the developmental aspirations, both material and cultural, of the various nationalities in the Indian Union within the territorial integrity of the country and extends full cooperation to their legitimate and democratic struggles against the oppressive and authoritarian policies of the State.