The developments that led to the First Balkan War did not go unnoticed by the Great Powers, but although there was an official consensus between the European Powers over the territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire, which led to a stern warning to the Balkan states, unofficially each of them took a different diplomatic approach due to their conflicting interests in the area.

This period in Ottoman history can roughly be divided into two distinct eras: an era of territorial, economic, and cultural growth before 1566, followed by an era of relative military and political stagnation.

The next great change in Ottoman calligraphy came from the style of Hâfiz Osman ( 1642 – 1698 ), whose rigorous and simplified style found favor with an empire at its peak of territorial extent and governmental burdens.

That changed when the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II negotiated with Mehmet Ali of Egypt, who agreed to send his son Ibrahim Pasha to Greece with an army to suppress the revolt in return for territorial gain.

Although the kingdom had been crushed and its high nobility executed, the Ottomans nonetheless allowed for the preservation of Bosnia's identity by incorporating it as an integral province of the Ottoman Empire with its historical name and territorial integrity-a unique case among subjugated states in the Balkans.

In the course of the First Balkan War in 1912, the Balkan League, including Serbia, defeated the Ottoman Empire and conquered its European territories, which enabled territorial expansion into Raška and Kosovo.

This induced Great Britain and France to bind Russia in a joint intervention to secure Greek autonomy in a manner which preserved Ottoman territorial integrity.

These men were resolute supporters of Ottoman territorial integrity.

Inconsistently, however, Paris shared London's concern about Russian expansionism and also supported, at least formally, Ottoman territorial integrity.

The formula was enough to satisfy the Russians, while for the British it had the attraction of preserving Ottoman territorial integrity.

The period saw increasing territorial losses to Ottoman conquest.

Despite their territorial gains following the Paris Peace Conference, the Greeks still hoped to achieve the Megali Idea and annex Constantinople and larger areas of Ottoman Asia Minor ; they therefore invaded Anatolia beyond Smyrna and sought to take Ankara, with the aim of destroying the Turkish resistance led by Mustafa Kemal ( later known as Atatürk ).

The Russian Empire in particular sought to assert its territorial claims to southeastern Europe or the Balkans at the expense of Ottoman territory in Europe.

These developments did not go unnoticed by the Great Powers, but although there was an official consensus between the European Powers over the territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire, which led to a stern warning to the Balkan states, unofficially each of them took a different diplomatic approach due to their conflicting interests in the area.

His nationalist ideals espoused a de-identification with Ottoman Turkey's Muslim neighbors, in lieu of a supernational Turkish ( or pan-Turkic ) identity with " a territorial Northeast-orientation Turkish speaking peoples ".

The Tanzimat reform era was characterized by various attempts to modernize the Ottoman Empire, to secure its territorial integrity against nationalist movements and aggressive powers.

Meanwhile, the Ottoman Sultan negotiated with Mehmet Ali of Egypt, who agreed to send his son Ibrahim Pasha to Greece with an army to suppress the revolt in return for territorial gain.

* Just Bey itself was part of the territorial title of the ruler, and also as a title used by all male members of the family ( rather like Sultan in the Ottoman dynasty ).

Additional factors include the Russian hopes of recovering territorial losses suffered during the Crimean War, re-establishing itself in the Black Sea and supporting the political movement attempting to free Balkan nations from the Ottoman Empire.

France had reason for concern that Britain, which was pledged to maintain the territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire, would move to fill the vacuum left by a French pullout.

The developments that led to the war did not go unnoticed by the Great Powers, but although there was an official consensus between the European Powers over the territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire, which led to a stern warning to the Balkan states, unofficially each of them took a different diplomatic approach due to their conflicting interests in the area.

This came to a head which came to a head in the wake of the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-1878, when territorial changes in the hitherto Ottoman parts of the Balkans were put on the agenda.

In Article 1 of this document, these Albanian leaders restated their intention to preserve and maintain the territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans by supporting the Turkish Sultan, Islamic Shariah law, and " to struggle in arms to defend the wholeness of the territories ".

The Tanzimât reform era was characterized by various attempts to modernize the Ottoman Empire, to secure its territorial integrity against nationalist movements and aggressive powers.

If the former German and Ottoman territories had been ceded to the victorious powers directly, their economic value would have been credited to offset the Allies ' claims for war reparations.

Although Jassim bin Mohammed privately complained of the Ottoman presence, he hoped that with Ottoman support he could dominate those sheikhs in other towns who opposed him and rebuff Bahrain's claims on Az Zubarah.

In the treaty, Turkey gave up all claims to the remainder of the Ottoman Empire and in return the other signatories recognized Turkish sovereignty within its new borders.

* July 22 – Treaty of Constantinople between the Ottoman Empire and the Archduchy of Austria: Ferdinand I, King of the Romans, withdraws his claims to most of Hungary and János Szapolyai, voivode of Transylvania, becomes King of Hungary under the suzerainty of Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

The demographics of Ottoman Van are a debated and contentious point as they relate directly to claims of ownership by either side prior to the outbreak of World War I.

His reason for WWI is termed " atavism ", in which he claims the vestigial governments in Europe ( the German Empire, Russian Empire, Ottoman Empire, and Austro-Hungarian Empire ) pulled the liberal Europe into war, and that the liberal structure of the continent did not cause it.

When the Ottoman Empire entered World War I on the side of the Central Powers, Britain renounced the agreement and all Turkish claims over Cyprus and declared the island a British colony.

* It was forced to abandon its claims to protect Christians in the Ottoman Empire in favour of France.

Maximilian I of Habsburg, elected King of the Romans since 1493, after 1477 had to defend his claims to the heritage of his deceased wife Mary of Burgundy against intriguing Louis XI of France, while subsequent to the 1453 Fall of Constantinople the expansion of the Ottoman Empire on the Balkans proceeded.

Russian claims in the Ottoman Empire were denied following the Bolshevik Revolution and the Bolsheviks released a copy of the Sykes – Picot Agreement ( as well as other treaties ).

According to some claims, some Hungarians who survived the Ottoman period were living in the floodplains of the rivers Timiș, Begej, Aranca and Mureș.

The Crimean War was provoked by Russian tsar Nicholas I's continuing pressure on the dying Ottoman Empire, and by Russia's claims to be the protector of the Orthodox Christian subjects of the Ottoman sultan.

The memorandum was ignored by the congress, which recognised the competing claims of Serbia and Bulgaria to territories surrendered by the Ottoman Empire, and over those of Albanians.

Napoleon III's challenge to Russia's claims to influence in the Ottoman Empire led to France's successful participation in the Crimean War ( March 1854 – March 1856 ).

Both Hungary and Croatia became disputed territories with claims from both the Habsburg and Ottoman empires.

The claims of Italy over Libya dated back to discussions after the Congress of Berlin in 1878, in which France and Great Britain had agreed to the occupation of Tunisia and Cyprus respectively, both parts of the then declining Ottoman Empire.

Central to the negotiations was the status of Qatar and Bahrain, and the British pressured the Ottoman government that it should renounce its claims to both.

Yet under considerable pressure it renounced claims to both ( Articles 11 & 13 ) and a blue line was established to define the territorial limits of Ottoman jurisdiction.

With regard to Bahrain, the Ottomans renounced all claims to it so long as the British declared no intention of annexing it ( Article 13 ) and did not claim capitulation rights for subjects of the Sheikh of Bahrain ( protected by the Britannic Majesty ’ s Consuls ) living in the Ottoman Empire ( Article 15 ).

In 1570, the Ottoman Empire first conquered Cyprus, and Lala Mustafa Pasha became the first Ottoman governor of Cyprus, challenging the claims of Venice.