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Oyo's cavalry forces included not only nobles, the norm in West African warfare, but foreign slaves from the Hausa, Nupe and Bornu states.
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Oyo's and forces
These forces were often utilized in Oyo's distant campaigns on the coast or against other states.
The kingdom was one of the main enemies of the ascendant kingdom of Dahomey, often fighting against Dahomeans as part of Oyo's imperial forces, but ultimately succumbing to the Fon in the 1880s as the kingdom was ravaged.
Oyo's and from
Oba Ofinran, Alaafin of Oyo, succeeded in regaining Oyo's original territory from the Nupe.
After Oyo's return from exile, the post of Are-Ona-Kakanfo was established as the supreme military commander.
Oyo's and .
By the end of its military expansion, Oyo's borders would reach to the coast some 200 miles southwest of its capital.
This area was inhabited by the Egba and Egbado, and guaranteed Oyo's trade with the coast.
Some of Oyo's institutions are clearly derivative of early accomplishments in Ife.
This contributed to Oyo's ability to consistently field a large force.
This do-or-die policy no doubt contributed to the military aggressiveness of Oyo's generals.
During Oyo's imperial period, the Are-Ona-Kakanfo personally commanded the army in the field on all campaigns.
Lesser war chiefs were known as Balogun, a title carried on by the soldiers of Oyo's successor state, Ibadan.
Oyo's imperial success made Yoruba a lingua franca almost to the shores of the Volta.
The Oyo army was decisively defeated, ending Oyo's hegemony over Dahomey.
cavalry and forces
Nevertheless, the exhausted French were unable to follow up their advantage, and the two cavalry forces tried to regroup and reorder their ranks.
The phalanx formation was still vulnerable to cavalry ( the cause of much caution by the Greek forces at the Battle of Plataea ), but used in the right circumstances, it was now shown to be a potentially devastating weapon.
The mobility and shock value of the cavalry was greatly appreciated and exploited in armed forces in the Ancient and Middle Ages ; some forces were mostly cavalry, particularly in nomadic societies of Asia, notably the Mongol armies.
In many modern armies, the term cavalry is still often used to refer to units that are a combat arm of the armed forces which in the past filled the traditional horse-borne land combat light cavalry roles.
The Spatha, the classical sword throughout most of the 1st millennium was adopted as the standard model for the Empire's cavalry forces.
The most widespread employment of heavy cavalry at this time was found in the forces of the Parthians and their Iranian Sassanid successors.
Both, but especially the former, were famed for the cataphract ( fully armored cavalry armed with lances ) even though the majority of their forces consisted of lighter horse archers.
The decline of the Roman infrastructure made it more difficult to field large infantry forces, and during the 4th and 5th centuries cavalry began to take a more dominant role on the European battlefield, also in part made possible by the appearance of new, larger breeds of horses.
Armored Cataphracts began to be deployed in eastern Europe and the near East, following the precedents established by Persian forces, as the main striking force of the armies in contrast to the earlier roles of cavalry as scouts, raiders, and outflankers.
Early organized Arab mounted forces under the Rashidun caliphate comprised a light cavalry armed with lance and sword.
On many occasions the Chinese studied nomadic cavalry tactics and applied the lessons in creating their own potent cavalry forces, while in others they simply recruited the tribal horsemen wholesale into their armies ; and in yet other cases nomadic empires proved eager to enlist Chinese infantry and engineering, as in the case of the Mongol Empire and its sinicized part, the Yuan Dynasty ( 1279 – 1368 ).
Indian literature contains numerous references to the cavalry forces of the Central Asian horse nomads like the Sakas, Kambojas, Yavanas, Pahlavas and Paradas.
Numerous Puranic texts refer to a conflict in ancient India ( 16th c. BC ) in which the cavalry forces of five nations, called five hordes ( pañca. ganan ) or Kśatriya hordes ( Kśatriya ganah ), attacked and captured the throne of Ayudhya by dethroning its VedicKing Bahu
The Himalayan alliance gave Chandragupta a formidable composite army made up of the cavalry forces of the Shakas, Yavanas, Kambojas, Kiratas, Parasikas and Bahlikas as attested by Mudra-Rakashas ( Mudra-Rakshasa 2 ).
As late as mediaeval era, the Kamboja cavalry had also formed part of the Gurjara-Pratihara armed forces in 8th / 10th centuries AD.
However, cavalry saw a role as part of screening forces and in foraging and scouting.
Cavalry " flying columns " proved effective, or at least cost-effective, in many campaigns — although an astute native commander ( like Samori in western Africa, Shamil in the Caucasus, or any of the better Boer commanders ) could turn the tables and use the greater mobility of their cavalry to offset their relative lack of firepower compared with European forces.
The French Army maintained substantial cavalry forces in Algeria and Morocco from 1830 until the Second World War.
The French forces included Spahis, Chasseurs d ' Afrique, Foreign Legion cavalry and mounted Goumiers.
At the beginning of the 20th century all armies still maintained substantial cavalry forces, although there was contention over whether their role should revert to that of mounted infantry ( the historic dragoon function ).
cavalry and included
A strong cavalry regiment was formed by Khalid ibn Walid which included the veterans of the campaign of Iraq and Syria.
Mamluks were to follow the dictates of al-furusiyya, a code of conduct that included values like courage and generosity but also doctrine of cavalry tactics, horsemanship, archery and treatment of wounds.
Moreover, the Polish cavalry brigade order of battle of 1939 included, apart from the mounted soldiers themselves, light and heavy machine guns ( wheeled ), Anti-tank rifle, model 35, anti-aircraft weapon, artillery like Bofors 37 mm anti tank gun or light and scout tanks, etc.
Other factors favouring the retention of mounted forces included the high quality of Russian Cossacks and other horse cavalry ; and the relative lack of roads suitable for wheeled vehicles in many parts of the Eastern Front.
The IDF has never included horse cavalry since its establishment in 1922 ( other than a small mounted escort drawn from the Artillery Corps when required for ceremonial occasions ).
The Mexican Army included a number of horse mounted cavalry regiments as late as the mid 1990s and the Chilean Army had five such regiments in 1983 as mounted mountain troops ( see Jane's " Armed Forces of Latin America " by Adrian J. English ).
Options open to poorer cavalry officers in the various European armies included service with less fashionable ( though often highly professional ) frontier or colonial units.
These included the British Indian cavalry, the Russian Cossacks or the French Chasseurs d ' Afrique.
In addition, the army included air defense artillery, airborne, and independent air cavalry battalions.
Each legion always included a small cavalry attachment.
The types of swords used by the samurai included: nodachi / odachi ( extra long field sword ), tachi ( long cavalry sword ), katana ( long sword ), wakizashi ( shorter companion sword for katana ), tantō ( short sword ).
Also included are two wild cards that depict an infantry, cavalry, and artillery piece, as opposed to one of the three and a territory.
Varus ' forces included three legions ( Legio XVII, Legio XVIII, and Legio XIX ), six cohorts of auxiliary troops ( non-citizens or allied troops ) and three squadrons of cavalry ( alae ), most of which lacked combat experience with Germanic fighters under local conditions.
After crossing the Vistula over the pontoon bridge at Czerwińsk, his troops met up with those of Vytautas, whose 11, 000 light cavalry included Ruthenians and Tatars.
According to papers in the SOHS Archives, Bretnor ’ s military background included service in the last cavalry unit in the U. S. Army.
They included cavalry, crossbowmen, and infantry, along with 100 ships in south French ports.
* eight cavalry regiments, included two mechanized regiments
Allied cavalry included a total of 17, 000 horsemen, including 5, 000 bowmen mounted in the Eastern fashion.
The garrison of Moesia Secunda included Legio I Italica and Legio XI Claudia, as well as independent infantry units, cavalry units, and river flotillas.
Besides the usual Roman troops and auxiliary units that would appear in any Roman army Flamininus's forces also included soldiers from the allied Aetolian League, light infantry from Athamania, mercenary archers from Crete, and elephants and Numidian cavalry from King Masinissa of Numidia.
He paid attention to his image ; after being promoted to brigadier general in the Civil War, Custer sported a uniform that included shiny cavalry boots, tight olive-colored corduroy trousers, a wide-brimmed slouch hat, tight hussar jacket of black velveteen with silver piping on the sleeves, a sailor shirt with silver stars on his collar, and a red cravat.
Russian forces present at the battle included 180 infantry battalions, 164 cavalry squadrons, 20 Cossack regiments, and 55 artillery batteries ( 637 artillery pieces ).
French forces included 214 battalions of infantry, 317 squadrons of cavalry and 587 artillery pieces totaling of 128, 000 troops.
Wellington's 48, 500-man army included 8 infantry divisions and 2 independent brigades, 5 cavalry brigades and 54 cannons.
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