Therefore each binomial trial can be thought of as producing a value of a random variable associated with that trial and taking the values 0 and 1, with probabilities Q and P respectively.

The policy may not be unique but the maximum value of P certainly is, and once the policy is specified this maximum can be calculated by ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) as a function of the feed state Af.

Quantum states of a particle and an antiparticle can be interchanged by applying the charge conjugation ( C ), parity ( P ), and time reversal ( T ) operators.

100 cc and P = 2. 50E6 pascals, so we can solve for temperature by simple algebra:

Thus, intuitionists are ready to accept a statement of the form " P or Q " as true only if we can prove P or if we can prove Q:

More technically, the law is concerned with the speedup achievable from an improvement to a computation that affects a proportion P of that computation where the improvement has a speedup of S. ( For example, if an improvement can speed up 30 % of the computation, P will be 0. 3 ; if the improvement makes the portion affected twice as fast, S will be 2.

In the case of parallelization, Amdahl's law states that if P is the proportion of a program that can be made parallel ( i. e., benefit from parallelization ), and ( 1 − P ) is the proportion that cannot be parallelized ( remains serial ), then the maximum speedup that can be achieved by using N processors is

As an example, if P is 90 %, then ( 1 − P ) is 10 %, and the problem can be sped up by a maximum of a factor of 10, no matter how large the value of N used.

P estimated in this way can then be used in Amdahl's law to predict speedup for a different number of processors.

which can be interpreted as the linear interpolant of corresponding points on the linear Bézier curves from P < sub > 0 </ sub > to P < sub > 1 </ sub > and from P < sub > 1 </ sub > to P < sub > 2 </ sub > respectively.

Writing B < sub > P < sub > i </ sub >, P < sub > j </ sub >, P < sub > k </ sub ></ sub >( t ) for the quadratic Bézier curve defined by points P < sub > i </ sub >, P < sub > j </ sub >, and P < sub > k </ sub >, the cubic Bézier curve can be defined as a linear combination of two quadratic Bézier curves:

In the primary decomposition theorem, it is not necessary that the vector space V be finite dimensional, nor is it necessary for parts ( A ) and ( B ) that P be the minimal polynomial for T.

The first possibility requires that there be a line through P which meets **zg in Af points ; ;

the second requires that there be a line through P which meets **zg in Af points.

The photocathode sensitivities S, phosphor efficiencies P, and anode potentials V of the individual stages shall be distinguished by means of subscripts 1, and 2, in the text, where required.

In general, P is a function of V and the current density, but it shall here be assumed as a constant.

Let P be the root of the unbalanced subtree, with R and L denoting the right and left children of P respectively.

* If the balance factor of P is-2 then the right subtree outweighs the left subtree of the given node, and the balance factor of the right child ( R ) must be checked.

* If the balance factor of P is 2, then the left subtree outweighs the right subtree of the given node, and the balance factor of the left child ( L ) must be checked.

In addition to the balancing described above for insertions, if the balance factor for the tree is 2 and that of the left subtree is 0, a right rotation must be performed on P. The mirror of this case is also necessary.

In particular, we cannot in general claim that " P or not P " is true ( the law of Excluded Middle ), since in some cases we may not be able to prove the statement " P " nor prove the statement " not P ".

For example, P might be the circle with radius 1 and center ( 0, 0 ): P =

Pterodactylus was a relatively small pterosaur, with an estimated adult wingspan of about 1. 5 meters ( 5 ft ) in P. antiquus.

Other valid species include the possibly larger, P. sternbergi, with a wingspan originally estimated at.

P. W. Singer of the Brookings Institution estimated in January 2003 that child soldiers participate in about three quarters of all the ongoing conflicts in the world.

The input is precipitation ( P ), and the exports are evapotranspiration ( which is to be estimated ), streamflow ( Q ), and groundwater recharge ( D ).

The energy required to transform B, C, N, Si and P from nonmetallic to metallic states has been estimated as 30, 100, 240, 33 and 50 kJ / mol, respectively.

These changes in the church's practices and beliefs were very controversial, leading to the formation of breakaway churches such as the Remnant Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints ; in 1994, former church historian Richard P. Howard estimated that 25, 000 members had left to join such groups.

Since only P can be observed or measured directly, heritability must be estimated from the similarities observed in subjects varying in their level of genetic or environmental similarity.

One such colony of American aspen ( P. tremuloides ) in Utah, given the nickname of " Pando ", is estimated to be 80, 000 years old, making it possibly the oldest living colony of aspens.

The Red-necked grebe has a large range, estimated at 1 – 10 million square kilometres ( 0. 4 – 3. 8 million square miles ), and a global population of 150, 000 – 370, 000 individuals, with P. g. holboellii about twice as numerous as the nominate race.

The syndrome was first identified in 1961 by Dr. J. C. P. Williams of New Zealand and has an estimated prevalence of 1 in 7, 500 to 1 in 20, 000 births.

The other two species, Pinus balfouriana and Pinus aristata are also long-lived, though not to the extreme extent of P. longaeva ; specimens of both have been measured or estimated to be up to 3, 000 years old.

Their number is estimated between 5, 213 ( P. Atanasov, most recent estimate ), and 20, 000 ( P. Papahagi, ca, 1900 ).

Disney officials estimated the crowd at 100, 000 ; police officials put the number at about 70, 000 at 8 P. M.

Niall Ferguson estimated the total number of Polish victims in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia to be between 60, 000 and 80, 000, G. Rossolinski-Liebe: 70, 000-100, 000, John P. Himka: 100, 000.

For example, in a 1973 article in the journal Nature, paleontologists C. D. Bramwell and P. B. Fellgett estimated that it took a individual about one and a half hours for its body temperature to rise from.

It has been estimated that over 2, 000 such NP molecules coat the genome along with about 250 P and 25 L molecules.

By using comparison firms, a target price / earnings ( or P / E ) ratio is selected for the company, and then the future earnings of the company are estimated.

The valuation's fair price is simply estimated earnings times target P / E.

This model is essentially the same model as Gordon's model, if k-g is estimated as the dividend payout ratio ( D / E ) divided by the target P / E ratio.

This item of the profit-and-loss ( P & L ) statement of companies ' earnings reports is due to the different timing of option expense recognition between the GAAP P & L and how the IRS deals with it, and the resulting difference between estimated and actual tax deductions.

In 2003, the estimated number of captive animals of the three subspecies in zoos were 180 P. e. eldi, 1100 P. e. thamin and 23 P. e. siamensis.