It has also been alleged that the PAP employs censorship, gerrymandering and the filing of civil suits against the opposition for libel or slander to impede their success.

Although Singapore's laws are inherited from British and British Indian laws, including many elements of English common law, the PAP has also consistently rejected liberal democratic values, which it typifies as Western and states that there should not be a ' one-size-fits-all ' solution to a democracy.

In contrast to public security police, PAP servicemen, also called as " Armed Policemen ( 武警战士 )", wear olive green instead of the blue uniforms of the Public Security Department People's Police ( 公安机关人民警察, abbreviated 公安民警 ) and other branches of People's Police ( 人民警察, abbreviated 民警 ).

The PAP also maintains tactical counter-terrorism ( CT ) units in the Immediate Action Unit ( IAU ), Snow Wolf Commando Unit ( SWCU ) and various Special Police Units ( SPU ).

Furthermore, due to its history with the PLA and paramilitary organisation, the PAP has a similar rank structure to the PLA and also obeys its general regulations.

PAP guards are also recruited at the same time and through the same procedures as PLA soldiers.

As stipulated in the 1997 National Defense Law, the CMC also controls the paramilitary People ’ s Armed Police ( PAP ), who have the politically sensitive role of guarding key government buildings, including the main leadership compound of Zhongnanhai in Beijing.

He also coined the term " Participatory Anthropic Principle " ( PAP ), a version of a Strong Anthropic Principle.

ViewDS is LDAPv3 compliant and is also the world's first Directory to support the XACML standard for Policy Based Access control onto all attributes stored in the directory, with an inbuilt combined Policy Decision Point ( PDP ) and Policy Information Point ( PIP ) as well as two Policy Administration Tools ( PAP ).

Lee also said that the youth wing would be a channel in which the youth could communicate dissent, in which otherwise they might be " tempted " to vote for the opposition political parties and bring the PAP government down.

He also attacked the PAP on the issue of the Hotel Properties Ltd case ( which started when the Stock Exchange of Singapore criticised Hotel Properties Ltd for its " tardiness " in disclosing details of sales of its condominium units to directors and their family members ).

Tang was also sued for branding the PAP leadership as a bunch of liars.

Frankfurt counterexamples ( also known as Frankfurt cases or Frankfurt-style cases ) were presented by philosopher Harry Frankfurt in 1969 as counterexamples to the " principle of alternative possibilities " or PAP, which holds that an agent is morally responsible for an action only if they have the option of free will ( i. e. they could have done otherwise ).

Several PAP members are also members and supporters of the AUF.

PAP ventilation is also commonly used for those who are critically ill in hospital with respiratory failure, and in newborn infants ( neonates ).

Some patients on PAP therapy also use supplementary oxygen.

This election also saw the PAP engage the SDP's Chiam and WP's Jeyaretnam in a television debate.

Besides Chiam and Ling, the SDP also fielded Ashleigh Seow ( the son of former Solicitor-General Francis Seow ), businessmen Jufrie Mahmood, Cheo Chai Chen and Ng Teck Siong, sales manager Kwan Yue Keng, bank clerical assistant Mohd Shariff Yahya, teacher George Sita, financial futures trader Jimmy Tan, former PAP MP Low Yong Nguan, businesswoman Toh Kim Kiat, construction supervisor Francis Yong Chu Leong and shipping manager Chia Ah Soon.

The Pan-African Parliament ( PAP ), also known as the African Parliament, is the legislative body of the African Union and held its inaugural session in March 2004.

However, Lim Yew Hock, like the subsequent PAP government, also built on many of Marshall's other ideas and reforms.

The PAP, however, were also shocked by the split-these sentiments were emphasised when PAP member Goh Keng Swee commented on the schism ( which, at the time, he clearly believed would end the PAP's dominance ) in an interview with Dennis Bloodworth:

Lim and his followers ' contribution to Singapore ’ s political development was that their dedication and selfless dedication to their cause helped to ensure that the ruling PAP also had to make sure that incorruptibility and integrity were central to their political legitimacy in Singapore.

Although ethnic Tamils no longer tend to stay solely segregated in one place as previously arranged under the modern People's Action Party ( PAP ) policy of racial harmony, for the sake of cultural heritage, many of the ethnically Tamils commercial or cottage industry usages are concentrated in Little India, although Tamil-dominant commercial zones are also found in HDB estates.

* In the United Kingdom, PAP machines are available on National Health Service prescription after a diagnosis of sleep apnea or privately from the internet provided a prescription is supplied.

According to the book Men in White ( 2009 ) which provided insight into the PAP's history and years in power, PAP officials warned on the final night of campaigning that if BS won, Malaysia would send troops into Singapore and invoke emergency powers in place of the incoming government.

Racial tensions intensified as PAP created an opposition alliance aiming for equality between races.

There are however three cases in which opposition leader Chiam See Tong sued PAP ministers for defamation and successfully obtained damages before trial.

* PAP, the IATA airport code for Toussaint Louverture International Airport

The PAP first contested the 1955 elections, in which 25 of 32 seats in the legislature were up for election.

The result was successful for the PAP under Lee Kuan Yew's control who won the 1959 election, and has held power ever since.

The People's Armed Police ( 人民武装警察, Abbreviation: PAP ), officially Chinese People's Armed Police Force ( officially CAPF, ) is a paramilitary or gendarmerie force primarily responsible for civilian policing and fire rescue duties in the People's Republic of China, as well as provide support to PLA during wartime.

Although their uniforms ( olive green ) and insignia are different from those of the PLA, PAP guards wear military-style uniforms and insignia that often leads to them being mistaken for soldiers.

PAP units assigned to internal security were responsible for guarding party and state organizations and foreign embassies and consulates, as well as for responding to emergencies and maintaining law and order.

PAP firefighting units were responsible for fire-prevention education as well as for fighting fires.

* Positive airway pressure ventilators ( PAP ) — These ventilators are specifically designed for non-invasive ventilation.

In 1962 Kapuściński joined the Polish press agency, the PAP, and after honing his skills on domestic stories was appointed " its only foreign correspondent, and for the next ten years he was ' responsible ' for fifty countries.

However he was stripped of his NCMP seat in 2001 when he was declared bankrupt after failing to keep up with payments for damages owed to PAP leaders as a result of a libel suit.

For this, he was sued twice for libel by Indian PAP leaders, resulting in total damages of S $ 465, 000 and S $ 250, 000 in court costs.

UMNO politicians actively campaigned in Singapore for the Singapore Alliance, contending that the Singapore Malays were being treated as second-class citizens under the Chinese-dominated PAP government.

He was eventually sued by the whole PAP leadership for a total of S $ 13. 6 million, and fled to Australia soon after the election.

In 2001, Jeyaretnam lost his NCMP seat when he was declared bankrupt after failing to keep up with payments for damages owed from a libel suit brought by Goh Chok Tong and other PAP leaders following comments he had made at an election rally in 1997 ( for which he had been ordered to pay S $ 100, 000 plus S $ 20, 000 in court costs ).