In 2005, molecular analysis led to the identification of the C. difficile strain type that was characterized as group BI by restriction endo nuclease analysis ( REA ), as North American pulse-field-type NAP1 by pulse-field gel electrophoresis ( PFGE ) and as ribotype 027 ; the differing terminology reflects the predominant techniques that were used for epidemiological typing and this strain is referred to as C. difficile BI / NAP1 / 027.

Until the early 2000s, M. tuberculosis strains were typed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis ( PFGE ).

Despite PFGE being considered by many researchers as the “ gold standard ”, many strains are not typable by this technique due to the degradation of the DNA during the process ( gel smears ).

The first scheme, called ETR ( exact tandem repeat ), used only five loci, but the resolution afforded by these five loci was not as good as PFGE.

The second scheme, called MIRU ( mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit ) had discrimination as good as PFGE.

This provides a degree of resolution greater than PFGE and is currently the standard for typing M. tuberculosis.

Fecal-oral contamination was later verified by the CDC, which confirmed the bacteria from the infected lambs at the ranch had PFGE patterns indistinguishable from those from the men.

Several molecular typing schemes have been proposed to determine the relatedness of pathogens such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ( PFGE ), ribotyping, and PCR-based fingerprinting.

The development of PFGE expanded the range of resolution for DNA fragments by as much as 2 orders of magnitude.

Thus separation of very large DNA pieces using PFGE is made possible.

PFGE may be used for genotyping or genetic fingerprinting.

A comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis of 138 genomes of bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes found that " the LuxS enzyme required for AI-2 synthesis is widespread in bacteria, while the periplasmic binding protein LuxP is present only in Vibrio strains ," leading to the conclusion that either " other organisms may use components different from the AI-2 signal transduction system of Vibrio strains to sense the signal of AI-2 or they do not have such a quorum sensing system at all.

Further, A. C. Graham and other critics have subjected the text to a stylistic analysis and identified four strains of thought in the book: a ) the ideas of Zhuangzi or his disciples ; b ) a " primitivist " strain of thinking similar to Laozi ; c ) a strain very strongly represented in chapters 8-11 which is attributed to the philosophy of Yang Chu ; and d ) a fourth strain which may be related to the philosophical school of Huang-Lao.

On the other hand, the linear term is negligible when the analysis rely only on big strains.

This contrasts with classical genetics, which works mostly on crosses between laboratory strains, and DNA sequence analysis, which studies genes at the molecular level.

An alternative method used in stress analysis is the determination of the internal distribution of strains.

Genetic analysis shows that South Central California Coast ( SCCC ) distinct population segment ( DPS ) and Southern California ( SC ) DPS from Malibu Creek north, and including the San Gabriel River, Santa Ana River and San Mateo Creek, are not hatchery strains.

In depth comparative genome analysis using DNA arrays to study the gene content of 180 Legionella strains revealed the high genome plasticity and frequent horizontal gene transfer.

They are combined with other equations governing physical laws to solve physical problems ; for example in fluid mechanics the flow of a fluid in a pipe, in solid state physics the response of a crystal to an electric field, or in structural analysis, the connection between applied stresses or forces to strains or deformations.

In the early 1990s, PCR-based methods were developed that were far more sensitive than those that used ELISA, and RFLP analysis allowed the accurate identification of different strains and species of phytoplasma.

Although it cannot prove the route and timing of transmission, phylogenetic analysis has been used in many trials to demonstrate how closely related HIV strains in samples taken from the defendant and complainant are.

Although a recent phylogenetic analysis of more recent strains of influenza in humans, birds, and swine suggests the 1918 outbreak in humans followed a reassortment event within a mammal, the exact origin of the 1918 strain remains elusive.

Through restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, the two strains have been shown to differ only slightly.

A second analysis suggests an earlier date of evolution ( 3300 years ago ) with a rapid increase in the number of strains starting ~ 300 years ago.

* Artemi, E., « Mia physis of God Logos sesarkomeni » a ) The analysis of this phrase according to Cyril of Alexandria b ) The analysis of this phrase according to Apollinaris of Laodicea », Ecclesiastic Faros t. ΟΔ ( 2003 ), 293 – 304.

Since E. histolytica does not form cysts in the absence of bacteria, E. invadens has become used as a model for encystation studies as it will form cysts under axenic growth conditions, which simplifies analysis.

* Garrigan, Shelley E. Collecting Mexico: Museums, Monuments, and the Creation of National Identity ( University of Minnesota Press ; 2012 ) 233 pages ; scholarly analysis of Mexico's self-image, 1867 – 1910, using public monuments, fine-arts collecting, museums, and Mexico's representation at the Paris world's fair

This analysis suggests that alphaviruses and flaviviruses can be separated into two families-the Togaviridae and Flaviridae respectively-but suggests that other taxonomic assignments, such as the pestiviruses, hepatitis C virus, rubiviruses, hepatitis E virus and arteriviruses, may be incorrect.

In 1975, E. O. Wilson introduced his analysis of human behavior based on a sociobiological framework.

During the early 20th century, chemists such as Gilbert N. Lewis, Merle Randall, and E. A. Guggenheim applied the mathematical methods of Gibbs to the analysis of chemical processes.

In another study, published in 2011, Jason E. Lewis and colleagues re-measured the cranial volumes of the skulls in Morton's collection, and re-examined the respective statistical analyses by Morton and by Gould, concluding that, contrary to Gould's analysis, Morton did not falsify craniometric research results to support his racial and social prejudices, and that the " Caucasians " possessed the greatest average cranial volume in the sample.

Ninety-two E. coli infections were reported to the Wyandot County Health Department and the CDC, with 27 cases confirmed using laboratory analysis.

In electrical engineering, this approximate symmetric response is known as the universal resonance curve, a concept introduced by Frederick E. Terman in 1932 to simplify the approximate analysis of radio circuits with a range of center frequencies and Q values.

Furthermore, meta analysis of several trials of antioxidants, including vitamin E, have not shown any benefit to vitamin E supplementation for preventing coronary heart disease.

The Dune Encyclopedia ( 1984 ) by Willis E. McNelly presents an extended chronicle and analysis of the Butlerian Jihad.

From 1911 he collaborated with J. E. Littlewood, in extensive work in mathematical analysis and analytic number theory.

According to the, the new local government would have cost $ 37 million each year by year 10 of the analysis ( Table E. 3 ).

* Clark, John E. ( 1997 ) Prismatic blademaking, craftsmanship, and production: an analysis of obsidian refuse from Ojo de Agua, Chiapas, Mexico.

This line of analysis was more fully and explicitly developed by Clarence E. Ayres of the University of Texas at Austin from the 1920s.

Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer ForMemRS (; February 27, 1881 – December 2, 1966 ), usually cited as L. E. J. Brouwer but known to his friends as Bertus, was a Dutch mathematician and philosopher, a graduate of the University of Amsterdam, who worked in topology, set theory, measure theory and complex analysis.

Modern analysis by Professor Fred E. C. Culick and Henry R. Rex ( 1985 ) has demonstrated that the 1903 Wright Flyer was so unstable as to be almost unmanageable by anyone but the Wrights, who had trained themselves in the 1902 glider.

* Stephan T., Jessberger E. K., Heiss C. H. and Rost D. ( 2003 ) " TOF-SIMS analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Allan Hills 84001 ".

Below I cite such an analysis by the distinguished British scholar E. R.

Causes can either be genetic ( 9p22-24, 11q23, 22q11, FGFR1 mutation ), metabolic ( TSH suppletion in hypothyroidism ) or pharmaceutical < ref name = LajeunieE1998 > Lajeunie E, Le_Merrer M, Marchac D, Renier D. Syndromal and nonsyndromal primary trigonocephaly: analysis of a series of 237 patients.