However, the use of apostrophes preserves b, d, g, and j for the romanization of Chinese languages containing voiced consonants, such as Shanghainese ( which has a full set of voiced consonants ) and Min Nan ( Hō-ló-oē ) whose century-old Pe ̍ h-ōe-jī ( POJ, often called Missionary Romanization ) is similar to Wade – Giles.

For example, 氣 in Southern Min is khì ( POJ romanization ).

This dictionary represents the first major reference work in POJ, although the romanization within was quite different from the modern system, and has been dubbed Early Church Romanization by one scholar of the subject.

The Wushe Incident ( Musha Incident ; Chinese and Japanese: 霧社事件 ; Wade-Giles: Wu < sup > 4 </ sup >- she < sup > 4 </ sup > Shih < sup > 4 </ sup >- chien < sup > 4 </ sup >; Hanyu Pinyin: Wùshè Shìjiàn ; Japanese rōmaji: Musha Jiken ; Taiwanese POJ: Bū-siā Sū-kiāⁿ ), also called the Wushe ( Musha ) Event / Revolution / Rebellion / Uprising / Insurrection, of 1930 was the last major uprising against colonial Japanese forces in Taiwan.

Hu ( Foochow Romanized: Hù ; POJ: Hô or Ô ) was also one of the eight surnames of the first Han Chinese clans who first moved out the Central Plains into Fujian province ( 八姓入閩 ; Foochow Romanized: Báik Sáng Ĭk Mìng ) during the Wu Hu uprising.

In Taiwan, there are three common ways to write Hoklo in Chinese characters ( Min Nan pronunciations are given in POJ ):

Pe ̍ h-ōe-jī ( pronounced, abbreviated POJ, literally vernacular writing, also known as Church Romanization ) is an orthography used to write variants of Southern Min, a Chinese language or dialect, particularly Taiwanese and Amoy Hokkien.

Through personal communication and letters and articles printed in The Chinese Repository a consensus was arrived at for the new version of POJ, although Williams ' suggestions were largely not followed.

The phrases keling-a ( Hokkien ; 吉寧仔 ; POJ: kiet-lêng-á ), keling yan ( Cantonese ; 吉寧人 ; Yale: gat-lìhng-yan ), and keling-kia ( Teochew ) are frequently used within the Chinese community in Malaysia and Singapore.

The origins of the system and its extensive use in the Christian community has led to it being known by some modern-day writers as " Church Romanization " (; Pe ̍ h-ōe-jī: Kàu-hōe Lô-má-jī ); often abbreviated in POJ itself to " Kàu-lô " ().

Pe ̍ h-ōe-jī ( POJ ) is a popular orthography for this variant of Hokkien.

When combined via sandhi rules, kiaⁿ is spoken in basic tone and lâng in original tone ( written in POJ as kiaⁿ-lâng ).

The title is a playful pun on the Mandarin word for " ode " ( 頌, pinyin: sòng ), which also sounds like a Taiwanese word for " feeling good " ( 爽, POJ: sóng ), as well as the English word " song ".

Zhubei City (; POJ: Tek-pak-chhī ) is a city located in northern Taiwan.

It is also known as " fried carrot cake " or simply " carrot cake " in Southeast Asian countries, as the word for daikon ( POJ: chhài-thâu ), one of its main ingredients, can also refer to a carrot ( POJ: âng-chhài-thâu, literally " red radish ").

One commentator observes that POJ " today is largely disassociated from its former religious purposes ".

The orthography, called pe ̍ h-oē-jī ( POJ ), meaning " vernacular writing ", was used by the Presbyterian missionaries and became standard in the indigenous Presbyterian Church in Taiwan.

* Pe ̍ h-oē-jī ( POJ ), once the de facto official script of the Presbyterian Church in Taiwan ( since the late 19th century ).

Ang Mo (; POJ: âng-mo ) meaning ' red hair ' ( Hokkien ).

Compare these transcriptions of Chinese 道: Wade – Giles tao or tao < sup > 4 </ sup > ( marking 4th tone ), Legge romanization tâo, Latinxua Sin Wenz dau, Yale Romanization dàu, Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II dau, Hanyu Pinyin dào, Tongyong Pinyin daˋo, Gwoyeu Romatzyh or National Romanization daw, Zhuyin fuhao ㄉㄠ, and Cyrillic Palliday system дао.

* Legge romanization

* Legge romanization: Created by James Legge a Scottish missionary.

* Wade Legge

James Legge, the famous translator of the Chinese Classics.

* PDF of Legge translation ( appendix contains original Chinese text )

Legge retired from his mission work in Hong Kong in 1873, was named the first Oxford Professor of Chinese in 1876, and lived there until his death.

James Legge (; Chinese: 理雅各 ; December 20, 1815 – November 29, 1897 ) was a noted Scottish sinologist, a Scottish Congregationalist, representative of the London Missionary Society in Malacca and Hong Kong ( 1840 – 1873 ), and first professor of Chinese at Oxford University ( 1876 – 1897 ).

A Chinese Christian, Keuh Agong accompanied Legge when he moved in 1844.

Legge and his three Chinese students

In addition to his other work Legge wrote The Life and Teaching of Confucius ( 1867 ); The Life and Teaching of Mencius ( 1875 ); The Religions of China ( 1880 ); and other books on Chinese literature and religion.

Legge's most enduring work has been The Chinese Classics: with a Translation, Critical and Exegetical Notes, Prolegomena, and Copious Indexes, 5 vols., ( Hong Kong: Legge ; London: Trubner, 1861 – 1872 ):

Legge originally planned his Chinese Classics as seven volumes, but his translations of the I Ching and Book of Rites ( and several others ) were instead included in the Sacred Books of the East series edited by Max Müller ( Oxford: Clarendon Press ):

* Chinese Classics of the " Sacred Books of the East " most of which were translated by Legge

* Zhong Yong, Chinese text interspersed with an English translation by James Legge ( at the Chinese Text Project )

Years later, Joseph Needham, the great scholar of Chinese science and technology, wrote to tell me in the kindest, most unreproachful fashion that Legge was a bit off on that one ; when the book Te Ching was written the lathe hadn't been invented.

In Hong Kong, James Legge, the principal of the Anglo-Chinese College invited Wang Tao to stay at the London Mission Society hostel and to assist him in the translation of The Thirteen Chinese Classics.

Medhurst, A. Wylie and J. Edkins to translate western religion books and western sciences into China ; on the other hand, he also played an important role in assisting James Legge in the translation of a large number of important ancient Chinese classics into English.

* James Legge ( 1815 – 1897 ), Scottish sinologist ( professor of Chinese )

* " Pfister, Lauren F. Striving for " The Whole Duty of Man ": James Legge and the Scottish Protestant Encounter with China: Assessing Confluences in Scottish Nonconformism, Chinese Missionary Scholarship, Victorian Sinology, and Chinese Protestantism ( 2007 )

* James Legge, The Chinese Classics ( Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1895 ), 839-864.

* Dollar was the home town of Scottish sinologist James Legge, the translator of The Chinese Classics, who invited Wang Tao to live in Dollar from 1870-1872 where he wrote two travel notes: Wondering in the Rambling Park and Touring the Mountain in Dollar, later published in Jottings from Carefree Travel, the very first travel book about Europe by a Chinese scholar.

Hong also served as an assistant to James Legge, working on translations of Chinese classics into English, and on the Chinese Serial, the first Chinese language newspaper in Hong Kong.