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PON has recognized a diverse cast of distinguished negotiators from their respective fields: Martti Ahtisaari, Nobel Peace Prize recipient and former President of Finland ( 2010 ); Christo and Jeanne-Claude, the artists who created “ The Gates ” in Central Park ( 2008 ); Bruce Wasserstein, Chairman and CEO of Lazard, an international financial advisory and asset management firm ( 2007 ); Sadako Ogata, former United Nations high commissioner for refugees ( 2005 ); Richard Holbrooke, former United States ambassador to the United Nations ( 2004 ); Stuart Eizenstat, former U. S. ambassador to the European Union ( 2003 ); Ambassador Lakhdar Brahimi, the United Nations ’ special envoy for Afghanistan ( 2002 ); Charlene Barshefsky, U. S. trade representative in the second Clinton administration ( 2001 ); and former U. S. Senator George Mitchell for his work in Northern Ireland ( 2000 ).
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PON and has
Conventional ' standard ' " Premium Unleaded " petrol in the United Kingdom, Europe and Australia has an octane rating of 95 RON, and in North America it is AKI / RdON / PON 91-93 ( RON 96 – 98 ).
The older ITU-T G. 983 standard is based on Asynchronous Transfer Mode ( ATM ), and has therefore been referred to as APON ( ATM PON ).
This technology has sometimes been termed Long-Reach PON, however, many argue that the term PON is no longer applicable as, in most instances, only the distribution remains passive.
Similar PON technology and network hierarchy has been chosen by NBNco Limited, the company established in 2009 to design, build and operate the National Broadband Network
PON and from
It is also used extensively in satellite systems, combat-net radio systems, and PON networks for upstream traffic from premises to the operator.
PMC-Sierra offers a broad range of interoperable communication ICs scaling from DS-0 to OC-192 for metro access, metro transport, FTTH / PON, Ethernet over SONET / SDH, Optical Transport Network ( OTN ) and wireless base transceiver stations ( BTS ).
Known in its present form in Poland from at least the thirteenth century, the PON is most likely descended from the Puli and the herding dogs.
Smok set the standard and type that was emulated by PON breeders for generations to come, and from which the first official standard for the PON was finally written, and accepted by the FCI, Fédération Cynologique Internationale, in 1959.
Reverse RF support is provided by transporting the upstream or return RF into on a separate lambda from the PON return wavelength.
Due to the topology of PON, the transmission modes for downstream ( i. e., from OLT to ONU ) and upstream ( i. e., from ONU to OLT ) are different.
The above three kinds of circuitries in PON are quite different from their counterparts in the point-to-point continuous mode optical communication link.
project at Harvard Law School, PON includes faculty, students, and staff from Harvard University,
Open to participants from all disciplines and professional fields, the PON Seminars provide negotiation
PON and their
BATNA was developed by negotiation researchers Roger Fisher and William Ury of the Harvard Program on Negotiation ( PON ), in their series of books on Principled negotiation that started with Getting to YES, unwittingly duplicating a game theoretic concept pioneered by Nobel Laureate John Forbes Nash decades earlier in his early undergraduate research.
PON also regularly produces free reports that are available through their website, including “ International Negotiations: Cross-Cultural Communication Skills for International Business Executives ;” “ Business Negotiation Skills: 5 Common Business Negotiation Mistakes ;” and “ Team-Building Strategies: Building a Winning Team for Your Organization .” All of PONs publications including books, case studies, and DVDs can be obtained through the PON Clearinghouse.
PON and who
Almost driven to extinction in World War II, the PON was restored mainly through the work of Dr. Danuta Hryniewicz and her dog, Smok (" Dragon "), the ancestor of all PONs in the world today, who sired the first ten litters of PONs in the 1950s.
PON and high
The presumption is that all these will have high speed connections to the network, delivered over copper ( in the form of ADSL or other DSL technologies ) or over fibre, as either PON or direct fibre in the case of large enterprises.
PON and for
Beam splitters with single mode fiber for PON networks use the single mode behavior to split the beam.
* PON, the station code for Ponders End railway station in London, England
The downstream wavelength plan support simultaneous operation of 10 Gbit / s on one wavelength and 1 Gbit / s on a separate wavelength for operation of IEEE 802. 3av and IEEE 802. 3ah on the same PON concurrently.
A PON takes advantage of wavelength division multiplexing ( WDM ), using one wavelength for downstream traffic and another for upstream traffic on a single non-zero dispersion-shifted fiber ( ITU-T G. 652 ).
Through dynamic bandwidth allocation ( DBA ), a PON can be oversubscribed for upstream traffic, according to the traffic engineering concepts of statistical multiplexing.
The only special feature in the PON architecture for downstream oversubscription is the fact that the ONU must be able to accept completely arbitrary downstream time slots, both in time and in size.
By knowledge of the service level agreement for each T-CONT across the entire PON, as well as the size of each T-CONT's backlog, the OLT can optimize allocation of the spare bandwidth on the PON.
In the forward direction RFoGis either a stand alone P2MP system or an optical overlay for existing PON such as GEPON / EPON.
PON and 2004
In 2004, the Ethernet PON ( EPON or GEPON ) standard 802. 3ah-2004 was ratified as part of the Ethernet in the first mile project of the IEEE 802. 3.
PON and .
* Passive optical networks ( PON ) G. 983, G. 984, G. 987
A system known as Passive optical network ( PON ) was successfully deployed to over 6000 customers in a matter of 2 years.
OLT ( optical line terminal ) devices connect the central office to the PON network and ONU or ONT devices connect customer premises to the PON network.
A passive optical distribution network ( PON ) uses single mode optical fibre in the outside plant, optical splitters and optical distribution frames, duplexed so that both upstream and downstream signals share the same fibre on separate wavelengths.
Faster PON standards generally support a higher split ratio of users per PON, but may also use reach extenders / amplifiers where extra coverage is needed.
optical splitters creating a point to multipoint topology are also the same technology regardless of the type of PON system, making any PON network upgradable by changing the ONT and OLT terminals at each end, with minimal change to the physical network.
Some PON networks use a " home run " topology where roadside cabinets only contain patch panels so that all splitters are located centrally.
The Polish Lowland Sheepdog (, also PON ), is a medium sized, shaggy-coated, sheep dog breed native to Poland.
The PON is a muscular, thick-coated dog.
The life expectancy of a PON is 10 to 12 years.
A passive optical network ( PON ) is a point-to-multipoint, fiber to the premises network architecture in which unpowered optical splitters are used to enable a single optical fiber to serve multiple premises, typically 16-128.
A PON consists of an optical line terminal ( OLT ) at the service provider's central office and a number of optical network units ( ONUs ) near end users.
PON and Union
The International Telecommunications Union ( ITU ) did further work, and standardized on two generations of PON.
PON and ).
It may also sometimes be called the Pump Octane Number ( PON ).
( A third type, melanopsin in some of the retinal ganglion cells ( RGC ), part of the body clock mechanism, is probably not involved in conscious vision, as these RGC do not project to the lateral geniculate nucleus ( LGN ) but to the pretectal olivary nucleus ( PON ).
This connected conglomerate of military stations became known as the Pacific Ocean Network ( PON ).
A PON consists of a central office node, called an optical line terminal ( OLT ), one or more user nodes, called optical network units ( ONUs ) or optical network terminals ( ONTs ), and the fibers and splitters between them, called the optical distribution network ( ODN ).
Although not yet completed, the RFoG standard is actually a collection of standardized options which are not compatible with each other ( they cannot be mixed on the same PON ).
( 1997 ). Demonstration of a 12 155 Mb / s WDM PON Under Outside Plant Temperature Conditions.
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