Whipple worked in the pathology department at Hopkins until he went to Panama, during the time of the construction of the Panama Canal, as pathologist to the Ancon Hospital in 1907 – 08.

The History of Panama is about the Isthmus of Panama region's long history that occurred in southern Central America, from Pre-Columbian cultures, during the Spanish colonial era, through independence and the current country of Panama.

The prosperity enjoyed during the first two centuries ( 1540 – 1740 ) while contributing to colonial growth ; the placing of extensive regional judicial authority ( Real Audiencia ) as part of its jurisdiction ; and the pivotal role it played at the height of the Spanish Empire-the first modern global empire-helped define a distinctive sense of autonomy and of regional or national identity within Panama well before the rest of the colonies.

While Panama had also been included in the Viceroyalty during the colonial period, the Isthmus ' economic and political ties had been much closer, for all practical purposes, to the Viceroyalty of Peru ( 1542 – 1821 ).

Well aware of the need to sanitize the area before and during the construction, engineers developed an infrastructure that guaranteed the treatment of potable water, sewage, and garbage that encompassed both the Canal Zone as well as the cities of Panama and Colon.

Aftermath of urban warfare during the United States invasion of Panama

GK Gilbert's estimates of debris total more than eight times the amount of rock and dirt moved during construction of the Panama Canal.

Roosevelt was portrayed in several episodes of the comic book story The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck: the young Scrooge McDuck first meets Roosevelt in his Badlands years, later in a fictional siege of Fort Duckburg and finally in Panama during the construction of the Panama Canal.

He caught the disease in Panama while taking a ship voyage with his wife to New York City, apparently becoming infected during their land passage across the Isthmus of Panama.

In early July 2012, during IWC discussions in Panama, South Korea said it would undertake scientific whaling as allowed despite the global moratorium on whaling.

The physician William Gorgas then applied these insights and eradicated yellow fever from Havana, and fought yellow fever during the construction of the Panama Canal after a previous effort on the part of the French failed ( in part due to the high incidence of yellow fever and malaria ).

The Sheridan's only air drop in combat occurred during the United States invasion of Panama ( Operation Just Cause ) in 1989, when fourteen M551s were deployed: four were transported by C-5 Galaxys and ten were dropped by air, though two Sheridans were destroyed upon landing.

The United States had been interested in the islands for years because of their strategic position near the approach to the Panama Canal and because of the fear that Germany might seize them to use as U-boat bases during World War I.

Miami, Panama City and Puebla served successively as interim secretariat headquarters during the negotiation process.

The " first test of battle " for SAMS graduates came in December 1989 during Operation Just Cause in Panama.

The trail was still in use during the Civil War, but traffic declined after 1855 when the Panama Railroad across the Isthmus of Panama was completed.

Although they are common in South America today, peccaries did not reach that continent until about three million years ago during the Great American Interchange, when the Isthmus of Panama formed, connecting North America and South America.

Major foreign policy events during his term of office included the normalization of relations with the People's Republic of China ( and the severing of ties with the Republic of China ); the signing of the second Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty ( SALT II ); the brokering of the Camp David Accords ; the transition of Iran from an important U. S. client state to an anti-Western Islamic Republic, encouraging dissidents in Eastern Europe and emphasizing human rights in order to undermine the influence of the Soviet Union ; the financing of the mujahideen in Afghanistan in response to the Soviet deployment of forces there and the arming of these rebels to counter the Soviet invasion ; and the signing of the Torrijos-Carter Treaties relinquishing overt U. S. control of the Panama Canal after 1999.

United States activity to influence the area ( especially the Panama Canal construction and control ) led to a military uprising in the province of Panama in 1903, which resulted in the establishment of it as a nation.

According to the National Security Archive, Oliver North had been in contact with Manuel Noriega, the military leader of Panama later convicted on drug charges, whom he personally met.

The strip has also met controversy over every military conflict it has dealt with, including Vietnam, Grenada, Panama and both Gulf Wars.

Foreign policy drove the Bush presidency ; military operations were conducted in Panama and the Persian Gulf at a time of world change ; the Berlin Wall fell in 1989 and the Soviet Union dissolved two years later.

Panama, after suffering from the combined effects of Manuel Noriega's dictatorship and the US invasion of Panama in 1990, subsequently abolished its military and constitutionally banned it in 1994, no doubt influenced by its neighbour Costa Rica.

* 1964 – Martyrs ' Day: Several Panamanian youths try to raise the Panamanian flag on the U. S .- controlled Panama Canal Zone, leading to fighting between U. S. military and Panamanian civilians.

Besides the geographical argument, there was the fact that Simon Bolivar ’ s actions had been the decisive military factor in the independence of Venezuela, New Granada and Ecuador, while his role in Panama ’ s independence was none.

In September 1830, under the guidance of General José Domingo Espinar, the local military commander who rebelled against the nation's central government in response to his being transferred to another command, Panama separated from the Republic of Colombia and requested that general Simón Bolívar take direct command of the Isthmus Department.

The entire Panama Canal, the area supporting the Canal, and remaining US military bases were turned over to Panama on December 31, 1999.

Despite 1983 constitutional amendments, which appeared to proscribe a political role for the military, the Panama Defense Forces ( PDF ), as they were then known, continued to dominate Panamanian political life behind a facade of civilian government.

The United States froze economic and military assistance to Panama in the summer of 1987 in response to the domestic political crisis and an attack on the U. S. embassy.

In the morning of December 20, 1989, a few hours after the beginning of the invasion, the presumptive winner of the May 1989 election, Guillermo Endara, was sworn in as president of Panama at a U. S. military installation in the Canal Zone.

While historically presidents initiated the process for going to war, critics have charged that there have been several conflicts in which presidents did not get official declarations, including Theodore Roosevelt's military move into Panama in 1903, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the invasions of Grenada in 1983 and Panama in 1990.

** In Panama, a military coup d ' état, led by Col. Boris Martinez and Col. Omar Torrijos, overthrows the democratically elected ( but highly controversial ) government of President Arnulfo Arias.

Taco Bell is also present in the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Guam, Aruba, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama and on AAFES military bases in Japan, Germany, Iraq, Guatemala, and El Salvador.

He was military governor of Panama from 1983 to 1989.

However, Noriega insists that his policy during this period was essentially neutral, allowing partisans on both sides of the various conflicts free movement in Panama, as long as they did not attempt to use Panama as a base of military operations.

He rebuffed requests by Salvadoran rightist Roberto D ' Aubuisson to restrict the movements of leaders of the leftist Salvadoran insurgent Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front in Panama, and likewise rebuffed demands by Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North of the United States Marine Corps that he provide military assistance to the Nicaraguan Contras.

Psychological warfare designed to harass the enemy, the U. S. military contended the exercises were justified by the Panama Canal Treaty of 1980 ( Torrijos-Carter Treaties ), which guaranteed the U. S. forces freedom of movement in the country in defense of the canal.

He opposed the Somoza and Augusto Pinochet dictatorships and played a crucial role in the finalizing of the agreement for the transfer of the Panama Canal from American to Panamanian control.

The 1st Brigade of the 82nd secured Omar Torrijos International Airport in Tocumen, Panama.

Omar Efraín Torrijos Herrera ( February 13, 1929 – July 31, 1981 ) was the Commander of the Panamanian and National Guard and the de facto leader of Panama from 1968 to 1981.

Omar Torrijos Mausoleum in Amador, Panama City, in the former Canal Zone.

Omar Torrijos is well known in Panama for his famous quotes.

In 1976 President Omar Torrijos of Panama began campaigning for Belize's cause, and in 1979 the Sandinista government in Nicaragua declared unequivocal support for an independent Belize.

* July 31 – The leader of Panamas military dictatorship, General Omar Torrijos Herrera, dies along with all six other people on board when a Panamanian Air Force de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter crashes into Marta Hill while trying to land at Coclesito, Panama, in bad weather.

* Omar Torrijos, de facto dictator of Panama from 1968 to 1981, assumed the title Líder Máximo de la Revolución Panameña (" Supreme Leader of the Panamanian Revolution ").

Strongmen who sometimes governed through figureheads included Diego Portales of Chile, Rafael Núñez of Colombia, Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez of Costa Rica, Fulgencio Batista of Cuba, Ulises Heureaux and Rafael Trujillo of the Dominican Republic, Gabriel García Moreno of Ecuador, Raoul Cédras of Haiti, Porfirio Díaz and Plutarco Elías Calles of Mexico, the Somoza family of Nicaragua, José Antonio Remón Cantera, Omar Torrijos and Manuel Noriega of Panama, Dési Bouterse of Suriname, and Antonio Guzmán Blanco and Juan Vicente Gómez of Venezuela.

Tony begins independently making major decisions about the distribution of the drugs through Panama, angering Omar, who believes only Frank has authority to make such decisions.

* Omar Torrijos Herrera of Panama

Like other cities in the interior of the Republic of Panama, Santiago is a city where high buildings, but edifies of great historical value as Juan Demostenes Arosemena Normal School, Santiago Apostol Cathedral, The Museum, as well more modern buildings Although skyscrapers are no longer great works of architecture, as we can mention the Omar Torrijos Herrera stadium with capacity for 7, 000 spectators, the Hotel La Hacienda, HSBC Bank, Global Bank, Public Registry, Shopping Center Galeria, Ta Transport Terminal, Convention Center Coopeve etc.

President of the United States Jimmy Carter and Omar Torrijos of Panama on September 7, 1977, signed Torrijos-Carter Treaties.

* 1970s, 1981-General Omar Torrijos, leader of Panama

San Miguelito ( capital ), Amelia Denis De Icaza, Belisario Porras, José Domingo Espinar, Mateo Iturralde, Victoriano Lorenzo, Arnulfo Arias, Belisario Frías, Omar Torrijos, Rufina Alfaro, Panama.

Presidents and heads of state of Panama from 1968 to 1989 were mainly appointed by either General Omar Torrijos or General Manuel Noriega, who were the two powerful dictators during that period.

* Omar Torrijos ( 1929-1981 ) was a Panamanian army officer, de facto leader of Panama from 1968 to 1981, and co-negotiator of the Torrijos-Carter Treaties.

* Martín Torrijos ( born in 1963 ) was the president of the Republic of Panama, from 2004 to 2009, and son of Omar Torrijos.

In 2001, Madlock was invited by Omar Moreno, another former Pirate teammate, to coach in a professional league in Panama City, Panama.

Economic historian Niall Ferguson writes in his book The Ascent of Money that Perkins's contention that the leaders of Ecuador ( President Jaime Roldós Aguilera ) and Panama ( General Omar Torrijos ) were assassinated by US agents for opposing the interests of the owners of their countries ' foreign debt " seems a little odd " in light of the fact that in the 1970s the amount of money that the US had lent to Ecuador and Panama accounted for less than 0. 4 % of the total US grants and loans, while in 1990 the exports from the US to those countries accounted for approximately 0. 4 % of the total US exports ( approximately $ 8 billion ).