When the Irish Parliamentary Party split over Parnell's long-standing family relationship with Katharine O ' Shea, the previously separated wife of a fellow MP, whom he later married, Redmond stood by his deposed leader in the dispute.

In 1889, the scandal surrounding Parnell's divorce proceedings split the Irish party, when it became public that Parnell, popularly acclaimed as the ' Uncrowned King of Ireland ', had for many years been living in a family relationship with Mrs. Katharine O ' Shea, the long separated wife of a fellow MP.

Following the scandal that erupted over Parnell's relationship with Kitty O ' Shea, the separated wife of fellow MP Captain Willie O ' Shea, Archbishop Croke withdrew from active participation in nationalist politics.

His political career began in the 1880s under Charles Stewart Parnell's leadership of the Irish Parliamentary Party ( IPP ), and continued into the 1920s, when he was the first Governor-General of the Irish Free State.

Initially a passionate supporter of Parnell, he became disenchanted with his leader after the first clash occurred in 1886 when Healy opposed Parnell's party nomination of Captain William O ’ Shea to stand for Galway City.

Parnell's leadership was first put to the test in February 1886 when he forced the candidature of Captain William O ' Shea, who had negotiated the Kilmainham Treaty, for a Galway seat by-election.

A divorce decree was granted on 17 November 1890 and Parnell's two children were placed in O ' Shea's custody ( his first child having died when he was in Kilmainham Gaol ).

" Some significance can be given to Parnell's penultimate words when lying on his deathbed, he invoked not Mother Ireland, but rather ' the Conservative party '.

Despite his differences with Parnell on the land question, he was a strong supporter of the alliance between the Liberal Party and the Irish Parliamentary Party and maintained this position in 1890 when the party split over Parnell's divorce case.

Gainey ), another ex-con Jimmie befriended on the inside, assists Rainwood in his cause, along with Jimmie's wife Kate ( Laila Robins ), who learns of Scalise and Parnell's involvement in the cover-up when they begin to harass her.

Parnell's movement proved to be a broad church, from conservative landowners to the Land League which was campaigning for fundamental reform of Irish landholding, where most farms were held on rental from large aristocratic estates.

He became Parnell's secretary, but was denied contact to Parnell's small inner circle of political colleagues.

Parnell's grandfather William Parnell ( 1780 – 1821 ), who inherited the Avondale Estate in 1795, was a liberal Irish MP for Wicklow from 1817 – 1820.

During Parnell's highly successful tour, he had an audience with American President Rutherford B. Hayes, on 2 February 1880 he addressed the House of Representatives on the state of Ireland and spoke in 62 cities including in Canada, where he was so well received in Toronto that Healy dubbed him " the uncrowned king of Ireland ".

Parnell's own newspaper, the United Ireland, attacked the Land Act and he was arrested on 13 October 1881 together with his party lieutenants, William O ' Brien, John Dillon, Michael Davitt and Willie Redmond, who had also conducted a bitter verbal offensive.

A central aspect of Parnell's reforms was a new selection procedure to ensure the professional selection of party candidates committed to taking their seats.

Parnell's task was now to win acceptance of the principle of a Dublin parliament.

On each occasion, Parnell's demands were entirely within the accepted parameters of Liberal thinking, Gladstone noting that he was one of the best people he had known to deal with, a remarkable transition from an inmate at Kilmainham to an intimate at Hawarden in just over seven years.

This was the high point of Parnell's career.

The Catholic Church hierarchy in Ireland was largely silent, some bishops explicitly declaring the issue to be purely political, though divorce is forbidden under Catholic doctrine and most of Parnell's supporters were members of the Catholic Church.

This was taking a great risk with his health, for Parnell was suffering from a serious kidney disease. Parnell's grave in the predominantly Catholic Church | Catholic Glasnevin Cemetery in Dublin, alongside Éamon de Valera, Michael Collins ( Irish leader ) | Michael Collins and Daniel O ' Connell.

Charles Stewart Parnell: A Memoir, H. Holt, New York, 1914The author was Parnell's brother.

The Irish Independent was formed in 1905 as the direct successor to the Daily Irish Independent, an 1890s pro-Parnellite newspaper, and was launched by William Martin Murphy, a controversial Irish nationalist businessman, staunch anti-Parnellite and fellow townsman of Parnell's most venomous opponent, Bantry's Timothy Michael Healy.

However, Parnell's policy of allying his party to Gladstone's Liberal Party in 1886 to enable Home Rule was also ultimately defeated by the murders.

Although Parnell and some other Home Rulers, such as Isaac Butt, were Protestants, Parnell's party was overwhelmingly Catholic.

Parnell's political opponents pointed out that he was the only non-Catholic MP in his party.

After Parnell's death in 1891, Redmond took over leadership of the Parnellite rump of the split party, the Irish National League ( INL ), where he soon demonstrated both his organisational ability and his considerable rhetorical skills.

By the time of Parnell's death in 1891, Joyce had spent most of his inheritance and had been pensioned from his post at the custom house.

Its origins are traced back to the eight-hour working day movement that arose in the newly founded Wellington colony in 1840, primarily because of carpenter Samuel Parnell's refusal to work more than eight hours a day.

Parnell's movement campaigned for ' Home Rule ', by which they meant that Ireland would govern itself as a region within the United Kingdom, in contrast to O ' Connell who wanted complete independence subject to a shared monarch and Crown.

At that time he appeared to be trying to create a separate Welsh national party modelled on Parnell's Irish Parliamentary Party and worked towards a union of the North and South Wales Liberal Federations.

In 1957 he wrote and appeared in an edition of Val Parnell's Saturday Spectacular, the first of two shows in this series that he wrote for Peter Sellers.

Some of the more notable are Parnell's Station, Ken's Mini Mart, Spiller's Service Station, Morrison's Building Supply, Choudrant Appliance, and Doody's Diner.

The 1885 General Election had left Charles Stewart Parnell's Irish Nationalists holding the balance of power, and had convinced Gladstone that the Irish wanted and deserved Home Rule.

In 1958 an appearance with the comedian Dickie Henderson led to his being offered the job of compère of Val Parnell's weekly TV variety show, Sunday Night at the London Palladium.

Parnell admired Healy's intelligence and energy after Healy had established himself as part of Parnell's broader political circle.

Following Parnell's death in 1891, the IPP's anti-Parnellite majority group broke away forming the Irish National Federation ( INF ) under John Dillon.

The Irish Parliamentary Party split during 1890, following revelations of Parnell's private life intruding on his political career.

Admiral Stewart's mother, Parnell's great-grandmother, belonged to the Tudor family so had a distant relationship with the British Royal Family.

Parnell's party emerged swiftly as a tightly disciplined and, on the whole, energetic body of parliamentarians.

The Conservatives and the Liberal Unionist Party returned with a majority of 118 over the combined Gladstonian Liberals and Parnell's 85 Irish Party seats.

The 35-volume commission report published in February 1890, did not however clear Parnell's movement of criminal involvement.