* 1647 – The Irish Confederate Wars and Wars of the Three Kingdoms: Battle of Dungan's Hill – English Parliamentary forces defeat Irish forces.

Among the consequences of the Third Reform Act ( 1884 – 85 ) was the giving of the vote to the Catholic peasants in Ireland, and the consequent creation of an Irish Parliamentary Party led by Charles Stewart Parnell.

Constitutional nationalism enjoyed its greatest success in the 1880s and 1890s when the Irish Parliamentary Party under Charles Stewart Parnell succeeded in having two Home Rule bills introduced by the Liberal government of William Ewart Gladstone, though both failed.

Supporters of the Irish Parliamentary Party also felt the rebellion was a betrayal of their party.

John Redmond, the leader of the nationalist Irish Parliamentary Party, was prepared to accept British promises to deliver Home Rule, and publicly backed the British war effort.

From 1916 to 1918, the two dominant nationalist movements, Sinn Féin and the Irish Parliamentary Party, fought a tough series of battles in by-elections.

After Butt's death the Home Rule Movement, or the Irish Parliamentary Party as it had become known, was turned into a major political force under the guidance of William Shaw and in particular a radical young Protestant landowner, Charles Stewart Parnell.

The Irish Parliamentary Party dominated Irish politics, to the exclusion of the previous Liberal, Conservative and Unionist parties that had existed.

* August 8 – Battle of Dungan's Hill: Irish forces are defeated by English Parliamentary forces.

The Irish Parliamentary Party, who supported the Allied cause in World War I in response to the passing of the Third Home Rule Bill in 1914 was discredited by the crisis.

In the 19th century, Cork was a centre for the Fenians and for the constitutional nationalism of the Irish Parliamentary Party, from 1910 that of the All-for-Ireland Party.

The election resulted firstly in a stalemate, neither the Liberals nor the Conservatives having a majority, the balance of power being held by the Irish Parliamentary Party.

At that time he appeared to be trying to create a separate Welsh national party modelled on Parnell's Irish Parliamentary Party and worked towards a union of the North and South Wales Liberal Federations.

The resignations were not made public, and the opportunity for Chamberlain to present his Radicalism to the country was only presented when the Irish Parliamentary Party endorsed a Conservative amendment to the budget on 9 June, which passed by 12 votes.

As part of the railway gauge standardisation considered by the United Kingdom Parliamentary Gauge Commission, Ireland was allocated its own gauge, Irish gauge.

None of the Irish castles could withstand these Parliamentary weapons and most quickly surrendered.

In Parliament he resisted any overtures to the Irish Parliamentary Party on Home Rule, and, allied with Joseph Chamberlain's Liberal Unionists, strongly encouraged Unionist activism in Ireland.

* Mansergh D. Grattan's failure Parliamentary Opposition and the People in Ireland ( 2005 ) Irish Academic Press ISBN 0-7165-2815-0

The Third Home Rule Bill introduced in 1912 by the Irish Parliamentary Party could no longer be vetoed after the passing of the Parliament Act 1911 which removed the power of the Lords to veto bills.

Charles Stewart Parnell, a young Irish nationalist Member of Parliament ( MP ), who in 1880 became leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party, joined him in this tactic to obstruct the business of the House and force the Liberals and Conservatives to negotiate with him and his party.

From 1882 – 1918 most Irish MPs were members of the Irish Parliamentary Party ( IPP ) who strove in several Home Rule Bills to achieve self-government for Ireland within the United Kingdom through the constitutional movement for reform.

Irish coalition governments have traditionally been based on one of two large blocs in Dáil Éireann: either Fianna Fáil in coalition with smaller parties or independents, or Fine Gael and the Labour Party in coalition, sometimes with smaller parties.

In the past Dublin city was regarded as a stronghold for Fianna Fáil, however following the Irish local elections, 2004 the party was eclipsed by the centre-left Labour Party.

It consisted of three Italian MEPs ( Lega Nord two, Sardinian Action Party one ), two Spanish MEPs ( one each for the PNV and the Andalusian Party, PA ), one Belgian MEP ( for VU ), one French MEP ( Union of the Corsican People, UPC ), one British MEP ( SNP ) and one Irish MEP ( Neil Blaney, independent ).

Fine Gael is generally considered to be more on the political right in comparison to its more centrist rival, Fianna Fáil, but Fine Gael has never governed Ireland without the Labour Party, a social-democratic party on the centre-left of Irish politics.

In spite of this perceived opposition to Fine Gael from the left of the Irish political spectrum, the party, due to Dáil arithmetic, has never entered into national government without the backing of the Labour Party.

Speaking in Carlow in June 2010, Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government and Green Party leader John Gormley said the Labour Party is coming very close to being the " Father Ted of Irish politics " because, according to Gormley, they have no policies.

Fianna Fáil – The Republican Party, more commonly known as Fianna Fáil () is a centrist to centre-right Irish republican and conservative political party in Ireland, founded on 23 March 1926.

Green Party candidates have been elected to all levels of representation ; local, Dáil and European Parliament, and in 2007 the party gained its first representation in the Northern Ireland Assembly, the Northern Ireland party having become a region of the Irish party in the previous year.

The Green Party had six seats in the Irish government but lost them all in the 2011 general election.

The Irish Green Party is a member of the European Green Party.

Van Buren was a key organizer of the Democratic Party, a dominant figure in the Second Party System, and the first president not of British or Irish descent — his family was Dutch.

Robinson initially served in the Irish upper house as an independent senator, but in the mid 1970s she joined the Labour Party.

A 70-page Natural Law Party paper was prepared in the context of the 1996 Framework Document of the British and Irish governments.

The Irish government refused to attend royal functions as a result ; for example, Patrick Hillery declined on Government advice to attend the wedding of the Prince of Wales to Lady Diana Spencer in 1981, to which he had been invited by Queen Elizabeth, just as Seán T. O ' Kelly had declined on government advice to attend the 1953 Coronation Garden Party at the British Embassy in Dublin.

The party split over the issue of Irish Home Rule, but returned to power in 1906 through a landslide victory.

Thus, similar to the claim put forward by the Provisional IRA after its split from the Official IRA in 1969, the Continuity IRA claims to be the legitimate continuation of the ' Irish Republican Army ' or Óglaigh na hÉireann.

The Irish Volunteers — the smaller of the two forces resulting from the September 1914 split over support for the British war effort — set up a " headquarters staff " that included Patrick Pearse as Director of Military Organisation, Joseph Plunkett as Director of Military Operations and Thomas MacDonagh as Director of Training.

In 2006 the Irish Hockey Association reported that the gender split among its players was approximately 65 % female and 35 % male.

In the later 19th century the issue of Irish Home Rule led to a split among the Liberals, with a minority breaking away to form the Liberal Unionists in 1886.

The Irish Volunteers split.

These issues were the cause of a split in the IRA and ultimately, the Irish Civil War.

It emerged out of the December 1969 split of the Irish Republican Army over differences of ideology and how to respond to violence against the nationalist community.

SMPP was originally designed by Aldiscon, a small Irish company that was later acquired by Logica ( now split off and known as Acision ).

He published a biography of Joseph Chamberlain, which treated the split with William Gladstone over Irish Home Rule in 1886 as the pivotal point of his career, rather than the adoption of tariff reform, and contained the famous line: " All political lives, unless they are cut off in midstream at a happy juncture, end in failure, because that is the nature of politics and of human affairs ".

The organisation split into factions with differing political views and ideologies over the subsequent decades, in a manner comparable to that of the various organisations claiming the title Irish Republican Army.

Following the 1969 / 70 split in the Irish Republican Army and Sinn Féin, two organisations claiming the title of Fianna Éireann emerged.

Chamberlain resigned from Gladstone's Third Government in 1886 in opposition to Irish Home Rule, and after the Liberal Party split he became a Liberal Unionist, a party which included a bloc of MPs based in and around Birmingham.

It emerged from a split in the Irish Republican Army in December 1969, shortly after the beginning of " The Troubles ".

The other group emerging from this split was the Provisional Irish Republican Army.

The split in the Irish Republican Army, soon followed by a parallel split in Sinn Féin, was the result of the dissatisfaction of more traditional and militant republicans at the political direction taken by the leadership.

The split resulted from a vote at the first IRA Convention where a two-thirds majority voted that Republicans should take their seats if elected to the British, Irish or Northern Ireland Parliaments.

Though the treaty was narrowly ratified, the split led to the Irish Civil War, which was ultimately won by the pro-treaty side.

Fiercely independent both split off again in 1909, responding to real changes in the social basis of Irish politics.

With the split in the Irish Parliamentary Party over Parnell's relationship with Katherine O ' Shea, its readership split too.

A re-organisation split NTL itself into NTL Inc. ( covering the UK and Irish markets ) and NTL Europe Inc. ( for the French, Swiss and German parts of the corporation ).

Tamsin ( Olivia Caffrey ) is Oliver's Irish ex-girlfriend, who left him for unknown reasons around six months prior to the beginning of the fourth series, and has since become pregnant by another man, with whom she has now split.