Passive solar heating can heat most buildings in even the coldest climates.

Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.

Passive solar design using an unvented trombe wall and summer shading

Passive solar design techniques can be applied most easily to new buildings, but existing buildings can be adapted or " retrofitted ".

Passive solar technologies use sunlight without active mechanical systems ( as contrasted to active solar ).

Passive solar technologies include direct and indirect solar gain for space heating, solar water heating systems based on the thermosiphon or geyser pump, use of thermal mass and phase-change materials for slowing indoor air temperature swings, solar cookers, the solar chimney for enhancing natural ventilation, and earth sheltering.

Passive solar building construction may not be difficult or expensive ( using off-the-shelf existing materials and technology ), but the scientific passive solar building design is a non-trivial engineering effort that requires significant study of previous counter-intuitive lessons learned, and time to enter, evaluate, and iteratively refine the computer simulation input and output.

Passive solar fraction ( PSF ) is the percentage of the required heat load met by PSH and hence represents potential reduction in heating costs.

Passive solar lighting techniques enhance taking advantage of natural illumination for interiors, and so reduce reliance on artificial lighting systems.

Passive solar building design sometimes uses limited electrical and mechanical controls to operate dampers, insulating shutters, shades, awnings, or reflectors.

Passive solar building design is often a foundational element of a cost-effective zero energy building.

simple: Passive solar building design

Passive solar relies on the inherent thermo-dynamic properties of the system or materials to operate.

* Passive solar

* Passive solar

Passive solar buildings with no central air conditioning system need control mechanisms for hourly, daily, and seasonal, temperature-and-daylight variations.

* Passive solar building design

# REDIRECT Passive solar building design

* Passive Method: Based on techniques in which the patient refrains from voluntary muscle contraction.

Passive cooling techniques, such as resting in a cool, shady area and removing clothing can be applied immediately.

Passive mode-locking techniques are those that do not require a signal external to the laser ( such as the driving signal of a modulator ) to produce pulses.

Passive solar design techniques can be applied most easily to new buildings, but existing buildings can be adapted or " retrofitted ".

While some techniques and technologies were specifically developed for the Passive House standard, others, such as superinsulation, already existed, and the concept of passive solar building design dates back to antiquity.

Passive physiotherapy can in some instances be an alternative for some patients unable to safely self-power.

Passive and active RFID systems are used in off road events such as Enduro and Hare and Hounds racing, the riders have a transponder on their person, normally on their arm.

Passive fire protection elements include the installation of fire walls around the space, so a fire can be restricted to a portion of the facility for a limited time in the event of the failure of the active fire protection systems, or if they are not installed.

Passive systems are cheaper than active systems since they do not require a pumping system ( instead, they take advantage of the natural movement of hot water rising above cold water to cycle the water being used through the collector and storage tank ).

# Passive marker systems, using reflective markers ( typically reflective balls ), allows for very accurate measurement of movements using multiple cameras ( typically five to twelve cameras ), simultaneously.

Passive Autofocus ( not needing lasers or infrared beams ) systems cannot always adjust quickly enough to sudden changes.

Direct systems: ( A ) Passive CHS system with tank above collector.

Passive systems rely on heat-driven convection or heat pipes to circulate water or heating fluid in the system.

Passive solar water heating systems cost less and have extremely low or no maintenance, but the efficiency of a passive system is significantly lower than that of an active system, and overheating and freezing are major concerns.

Passive systems are primarily a means of addressing the physical limitations of viewing blind spots in the swimming pool tank.

In the case of new buildings, low-energy buildings such as those built to the Passive House standard can eliminate the need for conventional space heating systems.

Passive radar systems ( also referred to as passive coherent location and passive covert radar ) encompass a class of radar systems that detect and track objects by processing reflections from non-cooperative sources of illumination in the environment, such as commercial broadcast and communications signals.

Passive radar systems have been developed that exploit the following sources of illumination:

Passive radar systems use digital receiver systems which output a digitized, sampled signal.

Passive radar performance is comparable to conventional short and medium range radar systems.

Passive radar systems are currently under development in several commercial organizations.

Sometimes called hands-free or advanced key, one of the earliest systems was found on the 1993 Chevrolet Corvette ( called the Passive Keyless Entry System ) and in Mercedes-Benz vehicles from 1998.

Passive thermal control was achieved through the use of louvres on the eight sides of the frame and thermal blankets.

The scientific basis for Passive Solar Building Design has been developed from a combination of climatology, thermodynamics ( particularly heat transfer: conduction ( heat ), convection, and electromagnetic radiation ), fluid mechanics / natural convection ( passive movement of air and water without the use of electricity, fans or pumps ), and human thermal comfort based on heat index, psychrometrics and enthalpy control for buildings to be inhabited by humans or animals, sunrooms, solariums, and greenhouses for raising plants.

** Passive IR sights or thermal imaging system

Passive houses can be constructed from dense or lightweight materials, but some internal thermal mass is normally incorporated to reduce summer peak temperatures, maintain stable winter temperatures, and prevent possible overheating in spring or autumn before the higher sun angle " shades " mid-day wall exposure and window penetration.

Passive House and ZEB are complementary synergistic technology approaches, based on the same physics of thermal energy transfer and storage: ZEBs drive the annual energy consumption down to 0 kWh / m² from the already low PassivHaus criteria of 120 kWh / m² with help from on-site renewable energy sources.