The investigations of John Tyndall, a correspondent of Pasteur and a great admirer of Pasteur's work, were decisive in dispelling lingering difficulties.

Pasteur's research also showed the growth of micro-organisms was responsible for spoiling beverages, such as beer, wine and milk.

He was peripherally involved in Louis Pasteur's search for a rabies vaccine.

This demonstration extended Louis Pasteur's earlier demonstrations that the presence of micro-organisms is a precondition for biomass decomposition.

Attracted by the discoveries of Louis Pasteur, he left for Paris, and worked first in Pasteur's laboratory, and then with Victor André Cornil.

The Institute has contributed to genome-sequencing projects of the common yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an organism which was so important for Louis Pasteur's history ), completed in 1996, Bacillus subtilis completed in 1997, Mycobacterium tuberculosis completed in 1998.

The US Armed Forces maintains an Investigational drug ( IND ) application for the AVPC-Riyadh antivenom in the event of envenomation of soldiers in the Gulf War theater of operations, and the Florida Antivenin Bank maintains an IND application for Sanofi Pasteur's Scorpifav antivenom.

Established in 1936, this museum houses the memory of Louis Pasteur's life and work in the vast apartment where he lived during the last seven years of his life, from 1888 to 1895.

By the late 19th century commercial refrigeration and Louis Pasteur's flash heating method of sterilisation prolonged the life of beer.

Pasteur adopted the name vaccine as a generic term in honor of Jenner's discovery, which Pasteur's work built upon. Poster from before the 1979 eradication of smallpox, promoting vaccination.

In 1995, the centennial of the death of Louis Pasteur, the New York Times ran an article titled " Pasteur's Deception ".

Since 1999 the results of the WMAP mission in 2006 made the empirical case for cosmic inflation very compelling.

Other ( typically less accurate ) methods are called empirical or semi-empirical because they employ experimental results, often from acceptable models of atoms or related molecules, to approximate some elements of the underlying theory.

Other researchers doing empirical research have found results compatible with the theory.

Michael Anyadike-Danes and Wyne Godley argue, based on simulation results, that little of the empirical work done with the textbook model constitutes a potentially falsifying test, and, consequently, empirical evidence hardly exists for that model.

Another of Gell-Mann's ideas is the Gell-Mann-Okubo formula, which was, initially, a formula based on empirical results, but was later explained by the quark model.

Nonetheless, empirical tests can be conducted on some of the results derived from the models.

The choice of alkaline over neutral transfer methods, however, is often empirical and may result in equivalent results.

Michael Anyadike-Danes and Wyne Godley argue, based on simulation results, that little of the empirical work done with the textbook model constitutes a potentially falsifying test, and, consequently, empirical evidence hardly exists for that model.

The history of special relativity consists of many theoretical results and empirical findings obtained by Albert Michelson, Hendrik Lorentz, Henri Poincaré and others.

If mathematics is just as empirical as the other sciences, then this suggests that its results are just as fallible as theirs, and just as contingent.

Like the other sciences, mathematics is viewed as an empirical endeavor whose results are constantly evaluated and may be discarded.

Decades later John Bell proved Bell's theorem ( see p. 14 in Bell ), in which he showed that, if they are to agree with the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics, all such " hidden-variable " completions of quantum mechanics must either be nonlocal ( as the Bohm interpretation is ) or give up the assumption that experiments produce unique results ( see counterfactual definiteness and many-worlds interpretation ).

In particular, Bell proved that any local theory with unique results must make empirical predictions satisfying a statistical constraint called " Bell's inequality ".

Reviews of empirical research on NLP indicate that NLP contains numerous factual errors, and has failed to produce reliable results for the claims for effectiveness made by NLP ’ s originators and proponents.

Define a data matrix, X < sup > T </ sup >, with zero empirical mean ( the empirical ( sample ) mean of the distribution has been subtracted from the data set ), where each of the n rows represents a different repetition of the experiment, and each of the m columns gives a particular kind of datum ( say, the results from a particular probe ).

Physicists utilize the scientific method to delineate the universals and constants governing physical phenomena, and the philosophy of physics reflects on the results of this empirical research.

None of these results has so far received any direct empirical support.

Intuition has no possible connection with an empirical calculation of results, and Hutcheson in adopting such a criterion practically denies his fundamental assumption.

In physics, an empirical formula is a mathematical equation that predicts observed results, but is derived from experiment or conjecture and directly from first principles.

Instrumentalism is not specifically anti-realist ; however, it maintains that the role of the scientist is constrained by empirical results, and the theories that can be developed can offer explanations of how the world works, but that these explanations should be seen as best approximations of the world, rather than an ultimate reality.

A scientific instrument can be any type of equipment,, apparatus or device as is specifically designed, constructed and often, through trial and error, ingeniously refined to apply utmost efficiency in the utilization of well proven physical principle, relationship or technology to facilitate or enable the pursuit, acquisition, transduction and storage of repeatable, verifiable data, usually consisting of sets numerical measurements made upon otherwise unknown, unproven quantities, properties, phenomena, materials, forces or etc., preferably as those characterized over time by an increasing degree of accuracy and precision and, typically, those initially derived as isolated or dependent variable results from, or empirical observations made during, the course of such experimental procedures as are firmly based upon the scientific method and long accepted tenants of experimental design.

One of the goals of empirical science is to obtain objective results that apply to almost everyone.

The concept that matter is composed of discrete units and cannot be divided into arbitrarily tiny quantities has been around for millennia, but these ideas were founded in abstract, philosophical reasoning rather than experimentation and empirical observation.

He also notes that the words in the Basic vocabulary were arbitrarily selected, and there have been no empirical studies showing that it makes language simpler.

These empirical methods were replaced in the 1960s by semi-empirical methods such as CNDO.

His method was empirical, and the laws that he established were generally the result of repeated experiment.

In defense of vouchers, it cites empirical research showing that students who were randomly assigned to receive vouchers had higher academic outcomes than students who applied for vouchers but lost a random lottery and did not receive them ; and that vouchers improve academic outcomes at public schools, reduce racial segregation, deliver better services to special education students, and do not drain money from public schools.

The main continental rationalists ( Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz ) were also advocates of the empirical " scientific method ".

The elementary properties of sliding ( kinetic ) friction were discovered by experiment in the 15th to 18th centuries and were expressed as three empirical laws:

Moore, as a consequentialist, argued that " duties " and moral rules could be determined by investigating the effects of particular actions or kinds of actions ( PE § 89 ), and so were matters for empirical investigation rather than direct objects of intuition ( PE § 90 ).

The primary method of historicism was empirical, namely that there were so many requisite inputs into a society or event, that only by focusing on the data available could a theory of the source be determined.

Empirical problems with the H-O model, such as the Leontief paradox, were noted in empirical tests by Wassily Leontief who found that the United States tended to export labor-intensive goods despite having an abundance of capital.

Philosophers such as Rudolf Carnap and Hans Reichenbach, along with other members of the Vienna Circle, claimed that the truths of logic and mathematics were tautologies, and those of science were verifiable empirical claims.

Philosophers in ancient societies were interested in how humans acquired the ability to understand and produce language well before empirical methods for testing those theories were developed, but for the most part they seemed to regard language acquisition as a subset of man's ability to acquire knowledge and learn concepts.

This prompted a scientific investigation of the relics in Padua, and by numerous lines of empirical evidence ( archeological analyses of the Tomb in Thebes and the Reliquary of Padua, anatomical analyses of the remains, Carbon-14 dating, comparison with the purported skull of the Evangelist located in Prague ) confirmed that these were the remains of an individual of Syrian descent who died between 72 and 416 A. D.

In addition to the basic supply-demand intuition, there were a number of empirical studies that supported this view.

Humanism and its spirit of empirical enquiry, however, were making progress – but the papacy ( especially after Avignon ) and the empire ( Henry VII, the last hope of the white Guelphs, died near Siena in 1313 ) had lost much of their original prestige.

Pauli looked for an explanation for these numbers, which were at first only empirical.

The first to challenge the concept of race on empirical grounds were anthropologists Franz Boas, who demonstrated phenotypic plasticity due to environmental factors, and Ashley Montagu who relied on evidence from genetics.

Devices using semiconductors at first were constructed based on empirical knowledge, but semiconductor theory provided a guide to construction of more capable and reliable devices.

It is important to note that ancient precedent existed for alternative theories and developments which prefigured later discoveries in the area of physics and mechanics ; but in the absence of a strong empirical tradition, dominance of the Aristotelian school, and in light of the limited number of works to survive translation in an era when many books were lost to warfare, such developments remained obscure for centuries and are traditionally held to have had little effect on the re-discovery of such phenomena ; whereas the invention of the printing press made the wide dissemination of such incremental advances of knowledge commonplace.

The differences between tantalum and niobium were demonstrated unequivocally in 1864 by Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand, and Henri Etienne Sainte-Claire Deville, as well as by Louis J. Troost, who determined the empirical formulas of some of their compounds in 1865.

He felt that those at the top of the Institute needed to be the source primarily of theories for evaluation and empirical testing, as well as people who would process the " facts " discovered ... including revising theories that were found to be false.

Later Greek philosophers, observing the motions of the heavenly bodies, were concerned with developing models of the universe based more profoundly on empirical evidence.