* 1977 – The Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure is signed.

After Oxford, Jackson got a job as a clerk in the Patent Office in London and arranged a job there for Housman as well.

The United States Patent and Trademark Office granted Baekeland a patent for a " Method of making insoluble products of phenol and formaldehyde " on December 7, 1909.

Other courts, for example, the Court of Customs and Patent Appeals and the Supreme Court, always sit en banc, and thus the later decision controls.

In contrast, in non-common-law countries, and jurisdictions with very weak respect for precedent ( example, the U. S. Patent Office ), fine questions of law are redetermined anew each time they arise, making consistency and prediction more difficult, and procedures far more protracted than necessary because parties cannot rely on written statements of law as reliable guides.

In German, the names to statutes are abbreviated using embedded capitals, e. g. StGB ( Strafgesetzbuch ) for criminal code, PatG ( Patentgesetz ) for Patent Act or the very common GmbH ( Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung ) for Company with Limited Liability.

In the early 19th century the basics of modern techniques including pre-heating and reflux were developed, particularly by the French, then in 1830 a British Patent was issued to Aeneas Coffey for a whiskey distillation column, which worked continuously and may be regarded as the archetype of modern petrochemical units.

In 1877, Ernest Solvay was granted a U. S. Patent for a tray column for ammonia distillation and the same and subsequent years saw developments of this theme for oil and spirits.

He sold the rights to Wham-O on January 23, 1957 ( his 37th birthday ), and the following year, Morrison was awarded U. S. Design Patent D183, 626 for his flying disc.

Patent drawing for R. J. Gatling's Battery Gun, 9 May 1865.

About 30 years later American engineer and inventor Laurens Hammond filed U. S. Patent 1, 956, 350 for a new type of " electrical musical instrument " that could recreate a pipe organ-type sound.

A patent application for IDEA was first filed in Switzerland ( CH A 1690 / 90 ) on May 18, 1990, then an international patent application was filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty on May 16, 1991.

There is a U. S. Patent 6150396 for the use of duloxetine for treatment of interstitial cystitis although one study found positive outcomes in only a small proportion of cases.

* 1918 Gillett: U. S. Patent to use X-rays for the preservation of food

In December 1973 he was granted a U. S. Patent for a table he designed.

In 1845, industrialist Peter Cooper ( who built the first American steam-powered locomotive, the Tom Thumb ), obtained a patent ( US Patent 4084 ) for powdered gelatin.

Although the non-trademarkability of the term Loglan was eventually upheld by the United States Patent and Trademark Office, many supporters and members of The Loglan Institute find this usage offensive, and reserve Loglan for the TLI version of the language.

In the United States, the LDS Church has applied for a trademark on " Mormon " as applied to religious services ; however, the United States Patent and Trademark Office rejected the application, stating that the term " Mormon " was too generic, and is popularly understood as referring to a particular kind of church, similar to " Presbyterian " or " Methodist ", rather than a service mark.

0356815 for the term " Mimeograph " in the U. S. Patent Office.

The US Patent and Trademark Office can be searched for patents related to the latest developments in mycoremediation and mycofiltration.

However, the United States originally acceded to the UPOV Convention on the basis of the Plant Patent Act and did not bring the PVP Act into compliance with UPOV requirements until 1984 when the Commissioner of Plant Variety Protection promulgated rules to do so.

* Slashdot: Microsoft Gives Xandros Users Patent Protection

Brennan noted that " we do not confront a complete legislative vacuum ", and commented on the 1930 Plant Patent Act and 1970 Plant Variety Protection Act, which explicitly allow patents for plants in certain cases:

* Supplementary Protection Certificates for Medicinal Products and Plant Protection Products-A Guide for Applicants ( PDF file 120Kb ), by the UK Patent Office

Since the American Inventors Protection Act, the United States Patent and Trademark Office publishes patent applications 18 months after they are filed for all applications with an effective filing date after November 28, 2000.

After the enactment of Geographical Indications of Goods ( Registration & Protection Act, 1999 ) in 2003, Darjeeling tea became the first Indian product to receive a GI tag, in 2004-05 through the Indian Patent Office.

* U. S. Patent 1, 424, 065: " Signaling System "

Avant garde composer George Antheil and Golden Age actress Hedy Lamarr were granted US Patent 2, 292, 387 on August 11, 1942 for their Secret Communication System that details an early version of Frequency Hopping.

* The US Patent System Legalizes Theft and Biopiracy-By Vandana Shiva.

He held many patents the most famous of which was US Patent 2, 102, 671 " Wave Translation System ", which was issued to Bell Laboratories in 1937, covering the negative feedback amplifier.

* Frank Wighard " Double Acting Pulse Tube Electroacoustic System " US Patent 5, 813, 234

Block Cipher Cryptographic System, US Patent 3, 798, 359.

Recirculating Block Cipher Cryptographic System, US Patent 3, 796, 830.

* 1902: Nikola Tesla vs. Reginald Fessenden – U. S. Patent Interference No. 21, 701, System of Signaling ( wireless ); wireless power transmission, time and frequency domain spread spectrum telecommunications, electronic logic gates in general.

On October 4, 2011, the Hong Kong SAR Government published a Consultation Paper on Review of the Patent System in Hong Kong.

On 4 October 2011, the Government of Hong Kong SAR published a " Public Consultation on the Review of the Patent System in Hong Kong ".

Kaptur was a dedicated opponent of the America Invents Act that passed into law and changed the U. S. Patent System.

* Patent # 5, 469, 571: LynuxWorks ' " Operating System Architecture using Multiple Priority Light Weight kernel Task-based Interrupt Handling.

* Patent for System and Method for Generating Personalized Postage Indica

* " Thermal and Visual Camouflage System Patent No 6, 338, 292 ", United States Patent & Trademark Office

In 1996, he was awarded US Patent 5, 496, 962 for a " System for Real-Time Music Composition and Synthesis " used in a product called " CPU Bach ".

Innovation and its Discontents: How our Broken Patent System is Endangering Innovation and Progress, and What to do About it is a book ( ISBN 0-691-11725-X ) by Adam B. Jaffe and Josh Lerner.

On March 9, 1993, Signature Financial Group, Inc. was granted U. S. Patent 5, 193, 056 entitled " Data Processing System for Hub and Spoke Financial Services Configuration ".

Fought successfully in changing the International Patent Classification System to include the Indian traditional knowledge, which is a breakthrough for the entire developing world.

* The New European Patent System, Its Present Situation and Significance, ( Dec. 1978 ) I. I. C., Vol.

* U. S. Patent: Dual Operating System Computer

One of the first to address this issue was Patent No. 3, 588, 890 " Resistance Sensing Supervisory System " issued on June 28, 1971 and assigned to General Motors Corporation.

* Introduction of the Innovation Patent Australian Government response to the Recommendations of the Advisory Council on Industrial Property ( ACIP ) Report " Review of the Petty Patent System "