* Paulus Orosius, historian and theologian ( approximate date )

Paulus Orosius, shown in a miniature from the Saint-Epure codex.

Paulus Orosius ( born c. 375, died not before 418 ), less often Paul Orosius in English, was a priest, Christian historian, theologian and student of Saint Augustine of Hippo.

While there is no doubt regarding his surname of Orosius, there are questions regarding the use of the name " Paulus ".

Basically the problem is that it is not completely certain if he used this name or if he was simply called Orosius and whether Paulus has been added with the passing of time.

However, this idea is flawed as authors writing immediately after Orosius ’ s death use the name Paulus.

In fact, even Casimiro Torres Rodríguez, one of the main scholars of Orosius ’ s life, indicates that Paulus might be his Christian name and Orosius his native name, a theory that cannot be entirely dismissed.

It is known for certain that in 415 Saint Augustine referred to Paulus Orosius as " a young priest ", which means that at that time he could not have been older that 40, as he was young, and he had to be older than 30, as he was a priest.

Schematic map showing all the journeys made by Paulus Orosius. It is thought that Paulus Orosius lived in Gallaecia ( northwest Hispania ) until 409, but after that time and up until 415, there is no concrete information regarding his life.

Very little information is available regarding the life of Paulus Orosius after the publication of his Histories.

The Commonitorium and the Histories are a response, at least in their origins, to the direct influence that Saint Augustine exercised over Orosius. Although Paulus Orosius ’ s most important book was the Historiae Adversus Paganos, his other two surviving books must also be taken into account: Commonitorium and Liber Apologeticus.

Paulus Orosius is not only a widely studied author he also described his own thoughts on his historical methodology in some of the prologues to the volumes that comprise his “ Histories ”.

Colophon from an Incunable | incunabulum of the Historiae Adversus Paganos by Paulus Orosius, one of the most copied books from the Medieval period. The assumed falling out of Paulus Orosius and Saint Augustine at the end of the former ’ s life does not seem to have had a negative effect on the distribution and impact of his Histories.

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After Christophorus ’ fall, Paulus Afiarta continued to serve the papal court in a high capacity.

* Birthplace of Oregon Republican politician Norma Paulus who served two terms each as Oregon Secretary of State and as Superintendent of Public Instruction, and who lost the 1986 Oregon governor ’ s race to Democrat Neil Goldschmidt.

Army Group B was composed of Hans von Salmuth's 2nd Army, Hermann Hoth ’ s 4th Panzer Army, and Friedrich Paulus ' 6th Army.

Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Zhukov realized the potential for destroying Wöhler ’ s 8th Army with the Stalingrad model as precedent and using similar tactics as were applied to defeat Paulus ’ encircled 6th Army.

Hagia Sophia ’ s templon surrounded, according to Paulus, " such space as was reserved in the eastern arch of the great church for the bloodless sacrifices ".

Bogart ’ s influence is felt throughout the contemporary theatre: through the widespread use of SITI ’ s training methods of Viewpoints and Suzuki, her oeuvre of groundbreaking productions, and her guidance at Columbia University of such diverse talents as Pavol Liska, Diane Paulus, Kim Weild, Jay Sheib, Darko Tresnjak and many others.

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The German Armed Forces High Command ( Oberkommando der Wehrmacht )— also concerned by Rommel ′ s actions — sent General Friedrich Paulus to Africa to investigate the situation.

With the conversion of Sergius Paulus, Paul begins to gain prominence over Barnabas from the point where the name " Paul ," his Roman name, is substituted for " Saul " ( 13: 9 ); instead of " Barnabas and Saul " as heretofore ( 11: 30 ; 12: 25 ; 13: 2, 7 ) we now read " Paul and Barnabas " ( 13: 43, 46, 50 ; 14: 20 ; 15: 2, 22, 35 ); only in 14: 14 and 15: 12, 25 does Barnabas again occupy the first place, in the first passage with recollection of 14: 12, in the last two, because Barnabas stood in closer relation to the Jerusalem church than Paul.

* 1942 – World War II: Battle of Stalingrad – General Friedrich Paulus sends Adolf Hitler a telegram saying that the German 6th army is surrounded.

* November 22 – WWII: Battle of Stalingrad: The situation for the German attackers of Stalingrad seems desperate during the Soviet counter-attack Operation Uranus, and General Friedrich Paulus sends Adolf Hitler a telegram saying that the German Sixth Army is surrounded.

After a siege of seven days by the Roman fleet under Lucius Aemilius Paulus, Dimale is taken by direct assault.

* On his way back to Rome, the Roman general Lucius Aemilius Paulus is ordered by the Roman Senate to inflict a brutal revenge on Epirus for being an ally of Macedonia.

* The Roman general, Lucius Aemilius Paulus, is elected consul and arrives in Thessaly to lead the Roman army which has been trapped by Perseus ' forces.

Elymas the sorcerer is struck blind before Sergius Paulus.

The ut – re – mi-fa-so-la syllables are taken from the initial syllables of each of the first six half-lines of the first stanza of the hymn Ut queant laxis, whose text is attributed to the Italian monk and scholar Paulus Diaconus ( though the musical line either shares a common ancestor with the earlier setting of Horace's " Ode to Phyllis " ( Odes 4. 11 ) recorded in the Montpellier manuscript H425, or may even have been taken from it.

The chief value of the Visigothic code consists in the fact that it is the only collection of Roman Law in which the five first books of the Theodosian code and five books of the Sententiae Receptae of Julius Paulus have been preserved, and until the discovery of a manuscript in the chapter library in Verona, which contained the greater part of the Institutes of Gaius, it was the only work in which any portion of the institutional writings of that great jurist had come down to us.

In one of the prequel novels by Brian Herbert and Kevin J. Anderson, the play The Oresteia is performed in Castle Caladan, during the reign of Duke Paulus Atreides.

The U. S. Route 1 interchange is followed by an intersection at Paulus Boulevard before separating into a local / express configuration and paralleling the Raritan River, passing the former New Brunswick city docks.

The area of the Paulus Boulevard intersection was upgraded for accessibility, and a bus stop was installed, but the roadway southbound is still three lanes at the traffic light.

As with urban legends, particularities lend verisimilitude: the bishop is specifically Paulus von Eitzen, General Superintendent of Schleswig.

They offered to exchange him for Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus, who had surrendered after Stalingrad, but Stalin turned the offer down, stating " You have in your hands not only my son Yakov but millions of my sons.

Furthermore, Hitler refused to allow Paulus to break out of Stalingrad despite Manstein telling him it was the only way the effort would succeed.

By this time, Paulus ' remaining armour had only sufficient fuel for a 12-mile advance anyway.

Other than this, the only thing that can be determined about his life is that his renown as a master was sufficient for Paulus Kal to include him on his memorial to the deceased masters of the Society of Liechtenauer in 1470.

Manstein was gambling on Hitler accepting that the only plausible method to avoid the demise of the 6th Army was allowing it to break out, and assumed that General Paulus would too agree to order his forces to escape the Stalingrad pocket.

Bock had warned Paulus not to counterattack immediately without air support, although this was later reconsidered when several Soviet tank brigades broke through General Walter Heitz's VIII Corps in the Volchansk sector, which was only 12 miles away from Kharkov, constituting a grave threat to the Germans.

He was less productive as a poet than either Ennius or Accius ; and we hear of only about twelve of his plays, founded on Greek subjects ( among them the Antiope, Teucer, Armorum Judicium, Dulorestes, Chryses, Niptra, & c., most of them on subjects connected with the Trojan cycle ), and one praetexta ( Paulus ) written in connexion with the victory of Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus at the Battle of Pydna ( 168 BC ), as the Clastidium of Naevius and the Ambracia of Ennius were written in commemoration of great military successes.

Along with Gaius, Paulus, Modestinus and Ulpian, he was made one of the five jurists whose recorded views were considered decisive by the Law of Citations of 426 ; their views would later be considered the only suitable ones to be cited as primary sources for the Codex Theodosianus and the Corpus iuris civilis, provided that Papinian's views prevailed whenever those of the four other jurists were not congruent.

But Pittman and Paulus were the only two to be court martialed.

Henry Lee's grandson, Henry Lee III ( 1756 – 1818 ), known as " Light Horse Harry ," was a Princeton graduate who served with great distinction under General George Washington in the American Revolutionary War, and was the only officer below the rank of General to receive the " Gold Medal ," awarded for his leadership at the Battle of Paulus Hook in New Jersey, on 19 August 1779.