* Pax Americana

Pax Americana is primarily used in its modern connotations to refer to the peace established after the end of World War II in 1945.

The first articulation of a Pax Americana occurred after the end of the American Civil War with reference to the peaceful nature of the North American geographical region, and was abeyant at the commencement of the First World War.

The Pax Americana, which the Union enforced upon the states of central North America, was a factor in the United States ' national prosperity.

The larger states were surrounded by smaller states, but these had no anxieties: no standing armies to require taxes and hinder labor ; no wars or rumors of wars that would interrupt trade ; there is not only peace, but security, for the Pax Americana of the Union covered all the states within the federal constitutional republic.

With the rise of the New Imperialism in the Western hemisphere at the end of the 19th century, debates arose between imperialist and isolationist factions in the U. S. Here, Pax Americana was used to connote the peace across the United States and, more widely, as a Pan-American peace under the aegis of the Monroe Doctrine.

The events around the turn of the 19th to 20th century demonstrated that the United States undertook an obligation, usual in such cases, of imposing a " Pax Americana ".

As in similar instances elsewhere, this Pax Americana was not quite clearly marked in its geographical limit, nor was it guided by any theoretical consistency, but rather by the merits of the case and the test of immediate expediency in each instance.

Indeed, the nascent Pax Americana was, in essence, abetted by the policy of the United Kingdom, and the preponderance of global sea power which the British Empire enjoyed by virtue of the strength of the Royal Navy.

The modern Pax Americana era is cited by both supporters and critics of United States foreign policy after the Second World War.

The modern Pax Americana may be seen as similar to the period of peace in Rome, Pax Romana.

During both Pax Romana and Pax Americana wars continued to occur, but it was still a prosperous time for both Western and Roman civilizations.

Military officials recognized the fact that Pax Americana had been reliant on the effective United States air power, just as the instrument of Pax Britannica a century earlier was its sea power.

The term Pax Americana was explicitly used by John F. Kennedy in the 1960s, who advocated against the idea, arguing that the Soviet bloc was composed of human beings with the same individual goals as Americans and that such a peace based on " American weapons of war " was undesirable:

Not a Pax Americana enforced on the world by American weapons of war.

Beginning around the Vietnam War, the ' Pax Americana ' term had started to be used by the critics of American Imperialism.

The modern Pax Americana derives partly from the direct influence of the United States, but as significantly or more so from international institutions backed by American financing and diplomacy.

The institutions behind the Pax Americana and the rise of the United States unipolar power have persisted into the early 21st century.

Yet no moment in international politics can be frozen in time ; even a global Pax Americana will not preserve itself.

The increasing peacefulness during the various incarnations of Pax Americana has been attributed to the ongoing spread of democracy.

; Other: Messianic democracy, Peace and Truce of God, 9 / 11 conspiracy theories, Pan Sahel Initiative, American Dream, Global Nightmare, Documentary film Pax Americana and the Weaponization of Space

Pax Romana ( Latin for " Roman peace ") was the long period of relative peace and minimal expansion by military force experienced by the Roman Empire in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD.

The documentary concluded him to be descended from one Roger Packsman, a 14th century politician from Suffolk who had changed his name to Paxman ( man of peace, " Pax " translates from Latin as peace ) to impress " the electorate.

Pax Britannica ( Latin for " the British Peace ", modelled after Pax Romana ) was the period of relative peace in Europe and the world ( 1815 – 1914 ) during which the British Empire controlled most of the key maritime trade routes and enjoyed unchallenged sea power.

It sought to portray the peace and fertile prosperity enjoyed as a result of the Pax Augusta ( Latin, " Augustan peace ") brought about by the military supremacy of the Roman empire, and act as a visual reminder of the Julio-Claudian dynasty that was bringing it about.

On April 15, 1935 the Roerich Pact was signed by the United States and Latin American nations, agreeing that " historic monuments, museums, scientific, artistic, educational and cultural institutions " should be protected both in times of peace and war, and identified by their flying a distinctive flag, the Banner of Peace, bearing the Pax Cultura emblem.

Pax, in Latin, means peace, but it was also used to mean truce or treaty.

Its motto is Justicia Et Pax, Latin for Justice and Peace.

The Pax Mongolica ( less often known as Pax Tatarica ) is a Latin phrase meaning " Mongol Peace " coined by Western scholars to describe the stabilizing effects of the conquests of the Mongol Empire on the social, cultural, and economic life of the inhabitants of the vast Eurasian territory that the Mongols conquered in the 13th and 14th centuries.

Pax Sinica ( Latin for " Chinese Peace ") is the time of peace in East Asia, maintained by Chinese hegemony, usually the period of rule by the Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, early Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty.

In Roman mythology, Pax ( Latin for peace ) ( her Greek equivalent was Eirene ) was recognized as a goddess during the rule of Augustus.

The common Arabic and Asiatic wish for peace, though, is rare in European civilization ; the exception being the ecclesiastical Latin Pax tecum / vobiscum.

The awards include “ Prix pour la Paix ” awarded to him by “ Accord ” in Durban in June 2006 ; “ Oscar de Paix ” awarded by “ Assis Pax International ”, “ Honoris Causa Ph. D ” awarded to him by Latin University of Theology in California.

Coined as a parallel to Pax Romana, the Pax Mongolica ( Latin for " Peace of the Mongols ") is a term used to describe the phenomena during the 13th and 14th centuries where trade from China to Europe was not only possible, but common and free from profound interference.

Pax Christi ( Latin for Peace of Christ ) was established in France in 1945 as a reconciliation work between the French and the Germans after the Second World War.

The Alliance government used Miranda as a testing ground for the chemical agent G-23 Paxilon Hydrochlorate, or simply " Pax " ( Latin for " peace ").

* Sudan – A Cry for Peace, published by Pax Christi International, Brussels, Belgium, 1994

During 191, the city of Rome was extensively damaged by a fire that raged for several days, during which many public buildings including the Temple of Pax, the Temple of Vesta and parts of the imperial palace were destroyed.

The empire, wracked with civil war for the last century of the Republic and for years following the Pax Romana, was largely free of large-scale power disputes.

As a direct result of the Napoleonic wars, the British Empire became the foremost world power for the next century, thus beginning Pax Britannica.

This, coupled with Britain's large and powerful industrial economy, made it perhaps the first truly global superpower and ushered in the Pax Britannica that lasted for the next 100 years.

The United States had been criticized for not taking up the hegemonic mantle following the disintegration of Pax Britannica before the First World War and during the interwar period due to the absence of established political structures, such as the World Bank or United Nations which would be created after World War II, and various internal policies, such as protectionism.

However, from 1946 to 1992 Pax americana is considered a partial international order, as it applied only to capitalist block countries, being preferable for some authors to speak about a Pax americana et sovietica.

In 1932 he contributed a work to the Pax Mundi, a large folio book produced by the League of Nations calling for a prolonged world peace.

Imperial theology conscripted Rome's traditional cults as the divine upholders of Imperial Pax ( peace ) and prosperity, for the benefit of all.

* Pax, the standard author abbreviation for botanist and entomologist Ferdinand Albin Pax

On 2 September 2001, the 50, 000 gross ton bulk carrier Pax Phoenix departed Hay Point, Queensland bound for India via Singapore.

Fellow Swiss musician Ernest Ansermet, a champion of his music from 1918 on, conducted recordings of many of Martin's works, such as the oratorio for soloists, double chorus & orchestra In Terra Pax, written in 1944, with the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande.

While Janus sometimes is named belliger and sometimes pacificus in accord with his general function of beginner, he is mentioned as Janus Quirinus in relation to the closing of the rites of March at the end of the month together with Pax, Salus and Concordia: This feature is a reflection of the aspect of Janus Quirinus which stresses the quirinal function of bringing peace back and the hope of soldiers for a victorious return.

A group of peace promoters led by an independent group called Pax had distributed candles to those stopping at their booth during the day, intending them for a candlelight vigil to be held during the Red Hot Chili Peppers ' performance of the song " Under the Bridge ".

After the Gloria in excelsis and the Pax vobis, the pope said the Collect for the day and then secretly a prayer for himself.