Many examples are based on locations in London and, in all likelihood, will be meaningless to people unfamiliar with the capital e. g. " Peckham Rye ", meaning " tie " ( as in necktie ), which dates from the late 19th century ; " Hampstead Heath ", meaning " teeth " ( usually as " Hampsteads ”), which was first recorded in 1887 and " Barnet Fair ", meaning " hair ", which dates from the 1850s.

His knowledge of optics was connected to the handed-down long-standing tradition of the Kitab al-manazir ( The Optics ; De aspectibus ) of the Arab polymath Alhazen ( Ibn al-Haytham, d. c. 1041 ), which was mediated by Franciscan optical workshops of the 13th-century Perspectivae traditions of scholars such as Roger Bacon, John Peckham and Witelo ( similar influences are also traceable in the third commentary of Lorenzo Ghiberti, Commentario terzo ).

In September, 2010, a UK newspaper reported that a member of the gang Peckham Young Gunz was " accused of helping to hide a Mac-10 machinegun used in the execution of Curtis Smith ".

On 6 November, while John Peckham, archbishop of Canterbury, was conducting peace negotiations, Edward's commander of Anglesey, Luke de Tany, decided to carry out a surprise attack.

The first person to be convicted of speeding is believed to be Walter Arnold of East Peckham, Kent, who on 28 January 1896 was fined for speeding at.

Murray, the eldest of eleven children, was born near Peckham Rye in Peckham, London.

It was erected in the 1950s using the dismantled materials from All Saints Church, North Peckham.

It was already a substantial settlement with a church when mentioned in the Domesday Book, and was the parish church for a large area including Dulwich and Peckham.

The parish covered in 1831 and was divided into the liberty of Peckham to the east, the hamlet of Dulwich to the southwest, as well as Camberwell proper.

Other famous writers who have lived in the area include the poet Robert Browning, who was born in Camberwell, and lived there until he was 28, and Muriel Spark, the author of The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie and The Ballad of Peckham Rye.

The Mayor of Southwark for 2009-2010 was Cllr Tayo Situ ( Peckham Ward ), who was elected on 19 May 2010.

' Peckham ' is a Saxon place name meaning the village of the River Peck, a small stream that ran through the district until it was enclosed in 1823.

King John probably hunted at Peckham and local anecdotes suggest that the right to an annual fair was granted to celebrate a particularly good day's sport.

The house was finally demolished in 1797 for the formation of Peckham Hill Street, as the Shard family developed the area.

At the beginning of the 19th century Peckham was a " small, quiet, retired village surrounded by fields ".

The canal was built from Surrey Commercial Docks to Peckham before the builders ran out of funds in 1826.

Before Peckham Rye railway station was opened in 1865 the area had developed around two centres: north and south.

The southern end of Peckham was the location for the railway line that once served The Crystal Palace in Sydenham.

North Peckham was heavily redeveloped in the 1960s, consisting mainly of high-rise flats to rehouse people from dilapidated old houses.

In the early 1990s Peckham was a centre of underground music, partly due to a large squat in a disused, 2 floor DHSS building in Collyer Place near Peckham High Street.

With strong links to the local community, Camberwell is setting up an exhibition space, Space designed by Will Alsop in Peckham Square.

The television situation comedy Desmond's was made by Channel 4 and was filmed and set in Peckham.

In 1986, Cleveland played an American television journalist in the Only Fools and Horses episode " The Miracle of Peckham ".

* South Acton is the site of actual housing estate featured in long running BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses-although the script described the Trotters as living in Peckham.

The media made mocking parallels with a 1992 episode of the well-known BBC sitcom Only Fools and Horses, in which protagonist Del Boy attempts to pass off local tap water as bottled " Peckham Spring ".

Writer John Sullivan had the idea for a prequel to the sitcom Only Fools and Horses in 1997 ; its commission was announced in 2003 and the premise for the series was established in the final Only Fools and Horses episode " Sleepless in Peckham " in 2003.

Trigger appeared on Only Fools and Horses since the very first episode and carried on appearing in almost every episode until the final episode, Sleepless in Peckham.

In the final Only Fools and Horses episode, the 2003 Christmas special " Sleepless in Peckham ", Rodney discovered through an old photograph of the very first Jolly Boys ' Outing that he and Del did not actually share the same father.

The BBC comedy guide for Only Fools and Horses clearly states that Rodney's birthday is 26 February ; but this is contradicted in " Sleepless in Peckham ", when Cassandra mistakes Freddie the Frog in an old 1960s photo of the first Jolly Boys ' Outing for Rodney.

" The Borough " to the south of Waterloo, London and Tower Bridge were also considered Cockney before redevelopment all but extinguished the local working class areas, and now Bermondsey is the only Cockney area south of the Thames, although Pearly Kings and Queens can be found as far out as Peckham and Penge.

It is regarded as forming the boundary between Walworth, Camberwell and Peckham to the south and Bermondsey to the north although the ancient parish and vestry boundaries of these do not in fact coincide with it, the Bermondsey boundary running along Rolls Road.

Peckham Garage won bus garage of the year in 2004, although this turned out to be a poisoned chalice for the garage, losing almost half of its work in the next year's tender awards.

In 2001, the ITV drama series Bad Girls introduced three characters from Peckham who called themselves The Peckham Bootgang.

The last time Slater is seen is in the series finale " Sleepless in Peckham ", in a photo of the original Jolly Boys Outing to Margate in 1960.

The Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Kilwardby, was also his friend ; but after Kilwardby's death in 1279 a series of disputes arose between the bishop and the new archbishop, John Peckham.

The series follows Boycie ( John Challis ), his wife Marlene ( Sue Holderness ) and their son Tyler after their sudden move from Peckham to escape the Driscoll brothers and their attempt to live in rural Shropshire.

Derek " Del Boy " Trotter ( played by David Jason ), a fast-talking, archetypal cockney market trader, lives in a council flat in a high-rise tower block, Nelson Mandela House, in Peckham, South London – though it was actually filmed in Harlech Tower in Acton and later Bristol – with his much younger brother, Rodney Trotter ( Nicholas Lyndhurst ), and their elderly Grandad ( Lennard Pearce ).

Through the NHS R & D programme, led by the first Director of Research and Development Professor Michael Peckham, funds were provided to establish a ' Cochrane Centre ', to collaborate with others, in the UK and elsewhere, to facilitate systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials across all areas of health care.

After opening its first overseas office in London in 1896, the company opened its first UK factory in Peckham, south London in 1905.

The University of the Arts London has two of its colleges in the borough-at Elephant and Castle is the London College of Communication and on Peckham Road is the Camberwell College of Arts.

* East Dulwich which bounds Peckham at Peckham Rye is a separate centre-not just the eastern end of Dulwich-with its own distinct character.

Peckham has never been an administrative district, or a single ecclesiastical parish in its own right, but it developed a strong sense of identity in the 19th century when Rye Lane was one of the most important shopping streets in South London.

When the London sewerage system was constructed during the mid-19th century, its designer Sir Joseph Bazalgette incorporated flows from the River Effra into his ' high-level interceptor sewer ', also known as the Effra sewer, running from Herne Hill eastwards under Peckham and New Cross to Deptford.

The town has two schools, Paddock Wood Primary School which was built in 1909, and which has approximately 600 pupils and Mascalls School, ( a comprehensive secondary school ), opened in 1956 and has around 1400 pupils, and it takes its pupils from Brenchley, Matfield, Capel, Five Oak Green, East Peckham, Horsmonden, Lamberhurst and Yalding, as well as Paddock Wood itself.

As part of its suburban expansion programme, the company built a line from Peckham Rye running roughly parallel to the main line, through East Dulwich, Tulse Hill, Streatham and Mitcham to Sutton and Epsom Downs, which opened in October 1868.

* The River Bourne begins its course west of Oldbury Hill on the Greensand Ridge in the parish of Ightham and enters the Medway upstream of East Peckham, near Tonbridge.

The canal was also heavily used to move timber — Whitten Timber at Eagle Wharf in Peckham Hill Street is a family firm which can trace its associations with the canal back to 1835.

The former Camberwell Basin and the final now form part of the site of Burgess Park, while most of the Peckham branch, including its bridges and walls, is now a green walk.

Following their review of parliamentary representation in South London, the Boundary Commission for England has made changes to the existing Camberwell and Peckham constituency to increase its size.

As part of its activities, the Foundation has launched the ‘ Mary Langman Prize ’; an annual award for an essay on ‘ The Relevance of the Peckham Experiment in the 21st Century ’ that furthers the lessons learnt at the Pioneer Health Centre about the social, emotional and environmental determinants of health.

In 1894, a competing weekly newspaper owned by George W. Peckham began publishing daily and changed its name to the Register.