He completed his training in pharmacy also, taking his degree with high honors in 1797, and in 1799 was awarded the degree of Doctor of Philosophy along with a prize for an essay in medicine.

Some of the epistemic basis for Steiner's later anthroposophical work is contained in the seminal work, Philosophy of Freedom.

Upon graduation, he won a Rhodes Scholarship to University College, Oxford where he studied Philosophy, Politics and Economics, though because he had switched programs and had left early for Yale University, he did not receive a degree there.

* Life and Philosophy of Leibniz see section on Space, Time and Indiscernibles for Leibniz arguing against the idea of space acting as a causal agent.

Consolation of Philosophy was written during a one-year imprisonment Boethius served while awaiting trial – and eventual horrific execution – for the crime of treason under the Ostrogothic King Theodoric the Great.

Lady Fortune with the Wheel of Fortune in a medieval manuscript of a work by Giovanni Boccaccio | Boccaccio ; Consolation of Philosophy was responsible for the popularity of the goddess of Fortune and the wheel of fortune in the Middle Ages

The Institute offers graduate degree programs for the Master of Science, Engineer's Degree, Doctor of Philosophy, BS / MS and MD / PhD, with the majority of students in the PhD program.

The same year he was awarded Doctor of Philosophy degree for his dissertation entitled " The aetiology of congenital intestinal atresia ".

After the publication of Essays Moral and Political in 1744, Hume applied for the Chair of Pneumatics and Moral Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh.

He is currently the Co-director of the Center for Cognitive Studies, the Austin B. Fletcher Professor of Philosophy, and a University Professor at Tufts University.

As of January 2012, Dennett is the Austin B. Fletcher Professor of Philosophy, University Professor, and Co-Director of the Center for Cognitive Studies ( with Ray Jackendoff ) at Tufts University.

Throughout much of the academic world, the term " doctor " refers to an individual who has earned a degree of Doctor of Philosophy, or Ph. D. ( an abbreviation for the Latin Philosophiæ Doctor ; or alternatively Doctor philosophiæ, D. Phil., meaning Teacher of Philosophy ), or other research doctorate such as the Doctor of Science, or Sc. D.

This displaced the existing Doctor of Philosophy degree in some Universities ; for instance, the D. Phil.

The most common is filosofian tohtori / filosofie doktor ( Doctor of Philosophy ), but more specializations are used than in English ( for example, tekniikan tohtori / teknologie doktor " Doctor of Science in Technology ").

", the usual abbreviation for " Doctor of Philosophy " is " PhD ".

In Proceedings of the Boston Colloguium for the Philosophy of Science, 1962 – 1964.

Bertrand Russell is famous for distinguishing " knowledge by description " ( a form of knowledge that ) and " knowledge by acquaintance " in Problems of Philosophy.

Some scholars question whether Frege's negative review of the Philosophy of Arithmetic helped turn Husserl towards Platonism, but he had already discovered the work of Bernhard Bolzano independently around 1890 / 91 and explicitly mentioned Bernard Bolzano, Gottfried Leibniz and Hermann Lotze as inspirations for his newer position.

In a letter dated May 24, 1891, Frege thanked Husserl for sending him a copy of the Philosophy of Arithmetic and Husserl's review of Ernst Schröder's Vorlesungen über die Algebra der Logik.

* Føllesdal, Dagfinn, 1972, " An Introduction to Phenomenology for Analytic Philosophers " in Olson, R. E., and Paul, A. M., eds., Contemporary Philosophy in Scandinavia.

Philosophy should provide a standard for good and evil.

Back in London, in September 1937, Gardner applied for and received a Doctorate of Philosophy from the Meta Collegiate Extension of the National Electronic Institute, an organisation based in Nevada that was widely recognised by academic institutions as offering invalid academic degrees via post for a fee.

* Pippin, Robert B. Hollywood Westerns and American Myth: The Importance of Howard Hawks and John Ford for Political Philosophy ( Yale University Press, 2010 ) 208 pp.

* Philosophy for Managers 2008

; Philosophy and religion

The Philosophy of Anaxagoras: An attempt at reconstruction King's Crown Press, New York OCLC 2692674 ; republished in 1973 by Nijhoff, The Hague, as The Philosophy of Anaxagoras: As reconstructed ISBN 90-247-1573-3

" The Presocratic tradition from Parmenides to Democritus " volume 2 of A History of Greek Philosophy Cambridge University Press, Cambridge OCLC 4679552 ; 1978 edition ISBN 0-521-29421-5

Sir Isaac Newton was probably the discoverer of astigmation ; the position of the astigmatic image lines was determined by Thomas Young ( A Course of Lectures on Natural Philosophy, 1807 ); and the theory was developed by Allvar Gullstrand.

At first he considered a career in law, but came to have, in his words, " an insurmountable aversion to everything but the pursuits of Philosophy and general Learning ; and while family fanceyed I was poring over Voet and Vinnius, Cicero and Virgil were the Authors which I was secretly devouring.

In 1921 the prestige of Nicolai Hartmann the Neo-Kantian, the Professor of Philosophy at Marburg, was added to the Movement ; he " publicly declared his solidarity with the actual work of die Phänomenologie.

The term esoteric first appeared in English in the 1701 History of Philosophy by Thomas Stanley, in his description of the mystery-school of Pythagoras ; the Pythagoreans were divided into " exoteric " ( under training ), and " esoteric " ( admitted into the " inner " circle ).

" Hayek's Political and Legal Philosophy: An Introduction " SydLawRw 3 ; 11 ( 1 ) Sydney Law Review 44

The title of a work of Cardano's, published in 1552, ' De Subtilitate ' ( corresponding to what would now be called Transcendental Philosophy ), would lead us to expect, in the chapter on minerals, many far fetched theories characteristic of that age ; but when treating of petrified shells, he decided that they clearly indicated the former sojourn of the sea upon the mountains.

* Other significant Lovecraft-related works are An H. P. Lovecraft Encyclopedia by Joshi and David S. Schulz ; Lovecraft's Library: A Catalogue ( a meticulous listing of many of the books in Lovecraft's now scattered library ), by Joshi ; Lovecraft at Last, an account by Willis Conover of his teenage correspondence with Lovecraft ; Joshi's A Subtler Magick: The Writings and Philosophy of H. P. Lovecraft.

Bertrand Russell's popular book The Problems of Philosophy highlights Berkeley's tautological premise for advancing idealism ;

Departments and their corresponding majors are numbered in the approximate order their foundation ; for example, Civil and Environmental Engineering is, while Linguistics and Philosophy is.

Francis Hutcheson: His Life, Teaching, and Position in the History of Philosophy Cambridge ; repr.

The current on-line edition of the OED ( Draft Revision September 2008 ) gives as first occurrence in English a work by Gideon Harvey ( 1636 / 7-1702 ): Archelogia philosophica nova ; or, New principles of Philosophy.

Other famous pieces include the Boecis, a 258-line-long poem written entirely in the Limousin dialect of Occitan between the year 1000 and 1030 and inspired by Boethius's Consolation of Philosophy ; the Waldensian La Nobla Leyczon ( dated 1100 ), la Cançó de Santa Fe ( ca 1054 – 1076 ), the Romance of Flamenca ( 13th c .), the Song of the Albigensian Crusade ( 1213 – 1219?

* Al-Nawawi Forty Hadiths and Commentary, by Arabic Virtual Translation Center ; ( 2010 ) ISBN 978-1-4563-6735-0 ( Philosophy of Religion from an Islamic Point of View )

The Problems of Philosophy, London: Williams and Norgate ; New York: Henry Holt and Company.

; Philosophy