In the early 1860s, Frenchmen Pierre Michaux and Pierre Lallement took bicycle design in a new direction by adding a mechanical crank drive with pedals on an enlarged front wheel ( the velocipede ).

* August 29 – Pierre Lallement, French inventor of the bicycle ( b. 1843?

** Pierre Lallement, French inventor of the bicycle ( d. 1891 )

Libération was founded by Jean-Paul Sartre, Philippe Gavi, Bernard Lallement, Jean-Claude Vernier, Pierre Victor alias Benny Lévy and Serge July and has been published from 3 February 1973, in the wake of the protest movements of May 1968.

Along the Southwest Corridor Park is the Pierre Lallement Bicycle Path, which runs from Forest Hills to Back Bay.

* Pierre Lallement, inventor of the modern bicycle

It was, however, almost 40 years until " velocipede " came into common usage as a generic term, with the launch of the first pedal-equipped bicycle, developed by Pierre Michaux, Pierre Lallement and the Olivier brothers in the 1860s.

* Pierre Lallement ( 2005 )

* Pierre Michaux invents the front wheel-driven velocipede, the first mass-produced bicycle.

Most famous Belgian authors are: Guido Gezelle ( 1830 – 1899 ), Emile Verhaeren ( 1855 – 1916 ), Max Elskamp ( 1862 – 1931 ), Maurice Maeterlinck ( 1862 – 1949 ), Paul van Ostaijen ( 1896 – 1926 ), Henri Michaux ( French born and educated in Belgium, 1899 – 1984 ) and Jacques Brel ( 1929 – 1978 ) and prose writers: Hendrik Conscience ( 1812 – 1883 ), Charles de Coster ( 1827 – 1879 ), Willem Elsschot ( 1882 – 1960 ), Michel de Ghelderode ( 1898 – 1962 ), Georges Simenon 1903-1989, Louis Paul Boon ( 1912 – 1979 ), Hugo Claus ( 1929 – 2008 ), Pierre Mertens ( born in 1939 ) Ernest Claes ( 1885 – 1968 ), and, Amélie Nothomb ( born in 1967 ).

* Pierre Michaux invents the front wheel-driven velocipede, the first mass-produced bicycle.

After 1946 he started a series of portraits, with as ' model ' partly his own friends Henri Michaux, Francis Ponge, Jean Paulhan and Pierre Matisse.

* Pierre Michaux ( 1813 – 1883 ) inventor

The Michaux family, either Pierre or his son Ernest is credited with being first to add cranks and pedals to a vélocipède.

She published articles and novels, notably in the periodical " Mercure de France ", and befriended Henri Michaux, Pierre Morhange and Robert Desnos.

Other writers associated with surrealism include: Jean Cocteau, René Crevel, Jacques Prévert, Jules Supervielle, Benjamin Péret, Philippe Soupault, Pierre Reverdy, Antonin Artaud ( who revolutionized theater ), Henri Michaux and René Char.

Other writers associated with surrealism include: Jean Cocteau, René Crevel, Jacques Prévert, Jules Supervielle, Benjamin Péret, Philippe Soupault, Pierre Reverdy, Antonin Artaud ( who revolutionized theater ), Henri Michaux and René Char.

The nearest potential images included one claimed to be by noted Revolutionary War era engraver Pierre Eugene du Simitiere that turned out to be a forgery, and a reference to a portrait possibly by Ralph Earl that has not been found ( as of Stewart Holbrook's writing in 1940 ).

D ' Esnambuc claimed Martinique for French King Louis XIII and the French " Compagnie des Îles de l ' Amérique " ( Company of the American Islands ), and established the first European settlement at Fort Saint-Pierre ( now St. Pierre ).

He and his brother Pierre alternately claimed to have been born in Bayonne, while other documents of the time place his birthplace as St. Malo or Brest.

* 1590-Dutch spectacle-makers Hans Jansen and his son Zacharias Jansen, claimed by later writers ( Pierre Borel 1620-1671 or 1628 – 1689 and Willem Boreel 1591 – 1668 ) to have invented a compound microscope.

Captain Pierre Joseph de Celeron, sieur de Blainville claimed the Ohio Valley and all of western Pennsylvania for Louis XV of France.

The ticket was claimed at South Dakota Lottery headquarters in Pierre, on June 5.

In the second half of 1749 the French explorer Pierre Joseph Céloron de Blainville claimed French sovereignty over the Ohio Valley, burying a lead plaque at the meeting point of the Rivers Ohio and Kanawha, naming the place Point Pleasant.

Initially, Franz Joseph Gall ( 1758 – 1828 ) claimed his very popular theory of Phrenology and localization of function in the brain, but it was attacked by Pierre Flourens ( 1794 – 1867 ) who claimed that, by careful ablation of various brain regions, he had disproved Gall's hypotheses.

* Pierre Plantard, the mastermind behind the Priory of Sion hoax who claimed to be Merovingian, a pretender to the throne of France.

French Interior Minister Nicolas Sarkozy ( Union for a Popular Movement ) declared that the MEK " recently wanted to make France its support base, notably after the intervention in Iraq ", while Pierre de Bousquet de Florian, head of France's domestic intelligence service, claimed that the group was " transforming its Val d ' Oise centre Paris ... into an international terrorist base ".

The group claimed responsibility for the bombing of the Montreal Stock Exchange, and in 1970 the FLQ kidnapped British Trade Commissioner James Cross and Quebec Labour Minister Pierre Laporte ; Laporte was later found murdered.

It was traditionally claimed by some western scholars such as the Universalist historian George T. Knight ( 1911 ) and Pierre Batiffol ( English translation 1914 ) that a form of universal salvation could be found among some theologians in early Christianity.

The chronicler Pierre de L ' Estoile accused him of great duplicity ; Brantôme spoke of his " deeply stained soul, churchman though he was ", accused him of skepticism and claimed to have heard him occasionally speak half approvingly of the Confession of Augsburg.

The games are claimed to have influenced Baron Pierre de Coubertin when he was planning the revival of the Olympic Games.

Pierre Athanase Marie Plantard ( 18 March 1920 – 3 February 2000 ) was a French draughtsman, best known for being the principal perpetrator of the Priory of Sion hoax, by which he claimed from the 1960s onwards that he was a Merovingian descendant of Dagobert II and the " Great Monarch " prophesied by Nostradamus.

The book L ' Or de Rennes by Gérard de Sède ( with the collaboration of Pierre Plantard ) contained elements relating to the fictitious secret society the Priory of Sion, reproducing " parchments " that alluded to the survival of the Merovingian line of Frankish kings from Dagobert II, and Pierre Plantard claimed to be descended from that monarch.

According to Elizabeth Clare Prophet, George Washington was divinely inspired by the Ascended Masters to choose city planner Pierre L ' Enfant to create the city plan of Washington DC which, it is claimed, he unconsciously modeled on the plan of the city of Shamballa.

In 1839, the philosopher Pierre Leroux claimed it had been an anonymous and popular creation.

In a letter written in 1783 to J. Bernoulli, Pierre Méchain ( who had shared information about his discoveries with Messier ) claimed that M102 was actually an accidental duplication of M101 in the catalog.

The defense claimed former president Pierre Buyoya ( and accused war criminal ) was involved in a leadership position, but could not present sufficient evidence to charge him.

He exhibits an almost obsessive love of doughnuts, engages in lecherous behavior, and on at least one occasion claimed his real name was Valentinez Alkalinella Xifax Sicidabohertz Gumbigobilla Blue Stradivari Talentrent Pierre Andres Charton-Haymoss Ivanovicci Baldeus George Doitzel Kaiser III.

* Winslow Homer, Édouard Manet, Louise Abbéma and Pierre Bonnard all have paintings titled The Croquet Game.

Clitoral reconstructive surgery was developed by French surgeon Pierre Foldès and has been clinically proven to allow women who have undergone female genital mutilation with clitoridectomy, to achieve clitoral orgasms and reduce pain.

However many new approaches have appeared in recent years, especially by such scholars as Wilda Anderson, Kurt Ballstadt, Daniel Brewer, Jay Caplan, Andrew Clark, Elisabeth de Fontenay, Rosalina de la Carrera, Julie Candler Hays, Thomas M. Kavanagh, Walter Rex, and Pierre Saint-Amand.

Whilst there, the Queen met with Bernard of Clairvaux, demanding that he have the excommunication of Petronilla and Raoul lifted through his influence on the Pope, in exchange for which King Louis would make concessions in Champagne, and recognise Pierre de la Chatre as archbishop of Bourges.

By 1918, two French mathematicians, Pierre Fatou and Gaston Julia, though working independently, arrived essentially simultaneously at results describing what are now seen as fractal behaviour associated with mapping complex numbers and iterative functions and leading to further ideas about attractors and repellors ( i. e., points that attract or repel other points ), which have become very important in the study of fractals ( see Figure 3 and Figure 4 ).

Procedures have been developed to repair clitoral integrity, such as by Pierre Foldes, a French urologist and surgeon, and Marci Bowers, an American surgeon who studied his work ; they used intact clitoral tissue from inside women's bodies to form a new clitoris.

In 1799, William Pierre Le Cocq, in a letter written in Chesham, Buckinghamshire, England, provides a reference to the game hockey: “ I must now describe to you the game of Hockey ; we have each a stick turning up at the end.

The idea that specifically the interdependence between parts would have implications for the origins of living things was raised by writers starting with Pierre Gassendi in the mid 17th century and John Wilkins, who wrote ( citing Galen ), " Now to imagine, that all these things, according to their several kinds, could be brought into this regular frame and order, to which such an infinite number of Intentions are required, without the contrivance of some wise Agent, must needs be irrational in the highest degree.

Jacques Abbadie was born at Nay, Béarn, probably in 1654, although 1657 and 1658 have been given ; he is " most probably the Jacques Abbadie who was the third child of Violente de Fortaner and Pierre Abbadie, baptized on 27 April 1654.

On October 24, 1946 three Frenchmen, Jean Sauvy, Pierre Ponty and moviemaker Jean Rouch, former civil servants in the African French colonies, set out to travel the entire length of the river, as no one else seemed to have done it previously.

King Louis had refused to accept the nomination of Pierre de la Chatre as the Archbishop of Bourges, who went to see Innocent II to have his nomination confirmed.

Specimens assigned to Pteranodon have been found in both the Smoky Hill Chalk deposits of the Niobrara Formation, and the slightly younger Sharon Springs deposits of the Pierre Shale Formation.

John Wilkins and Gareth Nelson have argued that French architect Pierre Trémaux proposed an " anticipation of the theory of punctuated equilibrium of Gould and Eldredge.

Accordingly, Richard asked to have the crossbowman brought before him ; called alternatively Pierre ( or Peter ) Basile, John Sabroz, Dudo, and Bertrand de Gurdon ( from the town of Gourdon ) by chroniclers, the man turned out ( according to some sources, but not all ) to be a boy.

* Pierre de Fermat makes a notation, in a document margin, claiming to have proof of what would become known as Fermat's last theorem.

As Jean Pierre Lion has pointed out, " the only serious and analytical obituary to have been published in the months " after his death was by a Frenchman, Hugues Panassié.

A large number of avant-garde composers have attended and given lectures there, including Olivier Messiaen, Luciano Berio, Milton Babbitt, Pierre Boulez, Luigi Nono, John Cage, György Ligeti, Iannis Xenakis, Boris Porena, Karlheinz Stockhausen and Mauricio Kagel.

Pierre Desrochers and Christine Hoffbauer remark that " at the time of writing The Population Bomb, Paul and Anne Ehrlich should have been more cautious and revised their tone and rhetoric, in light of the undeniable and already apparent errors and shortcomings of Osborn and Vogt ’ s analyses.

" His elder brother Pierre became a privateer ; he may have operated from Saint-Domingue, which frequently issued letters of marque.

Soleri's philosophy and works have been strongly influenced by the Jesuit paleontologist and philosopher Pierre Teilhard de Chardin.

The identity of the Piltdown forger remains unknown, but suspects have included Dawson, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, Arthur Keith, Martin A. C. Hinton, Horace de Vere Cole and Arthur Conan Doyle.

The granite islands are the world ’ s oldest ocean islands, while the outer islands are mainly very young, though the Aldabra group and St Pierre ( Farquhar Group ) are unusual, raised coral islands that have emerged and submerged several times during their long history, the most recent submergence dating from about 125, 000 years ago.

* 1795 — Pierre Laplace discusses classical bodies which have escape velocities greater than the speed of light