* Cultural influence of Plato's Republic

This is the reverse of what is sometimes called classical idealism or, somewhat confusingly, Platonic idealism due to the influence of Plato's Theory of Forms ( εἶδος eidos or ἰδέα idea ) which were not products of our thinking.

In particular, Strauss argued that Plato's myth of the Philosopher king should be read as a reductio ad absurdum, and that philosophers should understand politics, not in order to influence policy but to ensure philosophy's autonomy from politics.

The prominent figure of this period was St. Augustine who adopted Plato's thought and Christianized it in the 4th century and whose influence dominated medieval philosophy perhaps up to end of the era but was checked with the arrival of Aristotle's texts.

Those who wanted to close the theaters, for example, pointed to Plato's Republic and those who wished to keep them open called on the Plato of the Ion to testify in their behalf.

A centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy, largely due to the impact of its cultural and political achievements during the 5th and 4th centuries BC in later centuries on the rest of the then known European continent.

He was still teaching in 515, since Olympiodorus heard him lecture on Plato's Gorgias in that year.

His work, a commentary on Plato's Timaeus, is lost, but Proclus, a Neoplatonist of the fifth century AD, reports on it.

Zoticus, a Neoplatonist philosopher of the 3rd century AD, wrote an epic poem based on Plato's account of Atlantis.

Plato's student Aristotle ( 384-322 BCE ) developed a different explanation for the elements based on pairs of qualities.

Whereas Plato's demiurge is good wishing good on his creation, gnosticism contends that the demiurge is not only the originator of evil but is evil as well.

After appearing on Diff ' rent Strokes, Plato's career declined, though she did have roles in some independent movies.

Plato actually returned for several appearances during the show's final 1986 season, which appeared on ABC, including an episode ( Plato's final appearance in the series ) in which Kimberly suffers the effects of bulimia.

Almost 11 years to the day of Dana Plato's death, on May 6, 2010, Plato's son Tyler Lambert died at age 25 of a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

For instance, something or someone ugly on the outside can be beautiful on the inside, which is one of the main points of Plato's dialogue, Alcibiades, and the Symposion, in which Alcibiades also appears.

These notions contrasted with Platonic notions of the human mind as an entity that pre-existed somewhere in the heavens, before being sent down to join a body on Earth ( see Plato's Phaedo and Apology, as well as others ).

In this statement he is taking existentia and essentia according to their metaphysical meaning, which, from Plato's time on, has said that essentia precedes existentia.

Aristophanes, in Plato's Symposium, mentions women who love women, but uses the term trepesthai ( to be focused on ) instead of eros, which was applied to other erotic relationships between men, and between men and women.

Larissa was indeed the birthplace of Meno, who thus became, along with Xenophon and a few others, one of the generals leading several thousands Greeks from various places, in the ill-fated expedition of 401 ( retold in Xenophon's Anabasis ) meant to help Cyrus the Younger, son of Darius II, king of Persia, overthrow his elder brother Artaxerxes II and take over the throne of Persia ( Meno is featured in Plato's dialogue bearing his name, in which Socrates uses the example of " the way to Larissa " to help explain Meno the difference between true opinion and science ( Meno, 97a – c ) ; this " way to Larissa " might well be on the part of Socrates an attempt to call to Meno's mind a " way home ", understood as the way toward one's true and " eternal " home reached only at death, that each man is supposed to seek in his life ).

Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ), in his treatise on Justice and Jihad and his commentary on Plato's Republic, writes that the human mind can know of the unlawfulness of killing and stealing and thus of the five maqasid or higher intents of the Islamic sharia or to protect religion, life, property, offspring, and reason.

He based his work on Plato's emission theory wherein he described the mathematical rules of perspective and describes the effects of refraction qualitatively, although he questioned that a beam of light from the eye could instantaneously light up the stars every time someone blinked.

Averroe did not have at hand a text of Aristotle's Politics, so he wrote a commentary on Plato's Republic instead.

In his commentary on Plato's Timaeus Proclus explains the role the Soul as a principle has in mediating the Forms in Intellect to the body of the material world as a whole.

* Commentary on Plato's " Alcibiades I " ( it is disputed whether or not this dialogue was written by Plato, but the Neoplatonists thought it was )

* Commentary on Plato's " Cratylus "

Together with Plato and Socrates ( Plato's teacher ), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy.

According to Dr Rupert Thompson, the Orator of The University of Cambridge, the earliest reference to drinking games in Western literature is from Plato's Symposium The Drinking Party.

In the Western tradition of philosophy, the earliest known comprehensive treatments of the subject are from Plato's Phaedo, Republic, and Statesman and Aristotle's Metaphysics, though earlier fragmentary writing exists.

Western political philosophy originates in the philosophy of ancient Greece, where political philosophy begins with Plato's Republic in the 4th century BC.

Heidegger opens his magnum opus, Being and Time, with a citation from Plato's Sophist indicating that Western philosophy has neglected " being " because it was considered obvious, rather than as worthy of question.

He re-introduced Plato's thoughts to Western Europe during the 1438-1439 Council of Florence, a failed attempt to reconcile the East-West schism.

Few of Plato's writings were studied in the Latin West at that time, and he essentially reintroduced much of Plato to the Western world, shaking the domination which Aristotle had come to exercise over Western European thought in the high and later middle ages.

This and other evidence led many mathematicians to reject the label of Platonists, along with Plato's ontology — which, along with the methods and epistemology of Aristotle, had served as a foundation ontology for the Western world since its beginnings.

Although Plato's The Republic is credited with having popularized the concept of compulsory education in Western intellectual thought, every parent in Judea since ancient times was required to teach their children at least informally.

The dual pipe system, the advanced architecture, and the apparent layout of the Akrotiri find resemble Plato's description of the legendary lost city of Atlantis, further indicating the Minoans as the culture which primarily inspired the Atlantis legend.

* Plato's Republic in popular culture

Examples are the philosopher-kings and guardians of Plato's Republic and monks in medieval Europe, who are now seen as custodians of history and culture.

These speculations were reinforced by Brasseur de Bourboug's own references to Plato's descriptions of the culture and society of Atlantis, which Brasseur believed found expression in ancient Maya civilization, in his book Quatre Lettres sur le Méxique ( 1868 ).

The idea that aspects of common culture, such as religion or economic explanations, can be manipulated to the political advantage of the dominant class was popular with Age of Enlightenment critics of government and society, and may have arose with Plato's " noble lie.

" Plato's Book III of The Laws depicts humanity's progress from a state of nature to the higher levels of culture, economy, and polity.

Moreover, it is too readily forgotten that in the Republic what gave the initial impetus to Plato's excursus into the construction of an imaginary commonwealth with its ruling-class communism of goods, wives, and children, was his quest for a canon for the proper ordering of the individual human psyche ; ;

The traditional story about his departure reports that he was disappointed with the direction the academy took after control passed to Plato's nephew Speusippus upon his death, although it is possible that he feared anti-Macedonian sentiments and left before Plato had died.

Agathon was the lifelong companion of Pausanias, with whom he appears in both the Symposium and Plato's Protagoras.

Stylistic evidence suggests that the poem ( with most of Plato's other alleged epigrams ) was actually written some time after Plato had died: its form is that of the Hellenistic erotic epigram, which did not become popular until after 300 BC.

Scholars dispute whether and how much Plato's story or account was inspired by older traditions.

Tertullian believed Atlantis was once real and wrote that in the Atlantic Ocean once existed "( the isle ) that was equal in size to Libya or Asia " referring to Plato's geographical description of Atlantis.

In the Timaeus, Plato's major cosmological dialogue, the Platonic solid he associated with fire was the tetrahedron which is formed from four triangles and contains the least volume with the greatest surface area.

Needless to say this form of realism was tied deeply with Plato's ontological projects.

The movie's title was changed after shooting to tie it to Plato's famous past, but was not connected in any way to the sitcom other than through her involvement.

Plato was therefore a metaphysical and epistemological dualist, an outlook that modern idealism has striven to avoid: Plato's thought cannot therefore be counted as idealist in the modern sense.

He admitted that he was directly influenced by Purchas's Pilgrimage, but there are additional strong literary connections to other works, including John Milton's Paradise Lost, Samuel Johnson's Rasselas, Chatterton's African Eclogues, William Bartram's Travels through North and South Carolina, Thomas Burnet's Sacred Theory of the Earth, Mary Wollstonecraft's A Short Residence in Sweden, Plato's Phaedrus and Ion, Maurice's The History of Hindostan, and Heliodorus's Aethiopian History.

An olive tree in west Athens, named " Plato's Olive Tree ", was said to be a remnant of the grove within which Plato's Academy was situated, which would make it approximately 2, 400 years old.

To assume that knowledge in Plato's sense as described to be a belief that's true, it then means that before everything came into being, it was all to be conceived as total imagination by God until the set of truth.

One of the first, extremely important classical works of political philosophy is Plato's Republic, which was followed by Aristotle's Nichomachean Ethics and Politics.

One of the first nominalist critiques of Plato's realism was that of Diogenes of Sinope, who said " I've seen Plato's cups and table, but not his cupness and tableness.

It is unknown if Plato's ideas of idealism have some earlier origin, but Plato held Pythagoras in high regard, and Pythagoras as well as his followers in the movement known as Pythagoreanism claimed the world was literally built up from numbers, an abstract, absolute form.