Another early reference to Amber was Pytheas ( 330 BC ) whose work " On the Ocean " is lost, but was referenced by Pliny.

Pliny claims that division was the work of Caligula, but Dio states that in 42 CE an uprising took place, which was subdued by Gaius Suetonius Paulinus and Gnaeus Hosidius Geta, only after which the division took place.

Although his work has been criticized for the lack of candor in checking the " facts ", some of his text has been confirmed by recent research, like the spectacular remains of Roman gold mines in Spain, especially at Las Medulas, which Pliny probably saw in operation while a Procurator there a few years before he compiled the encyclopedia.

Pliny makes clear the fact in the preface to his work that he had checked his facts by reading and comparing the works of others, as well as referring to them by name.

Facio records that van Eyck was a learned man, and that he was versed in the classics, particularly Pliny the Elder's work on painting.

According to the historian Pliny the Elder, the craftsmen decided to stay and finish the work after the death of their patron " considering that it was at once a memorial of his own fame and of the sculptor's art.

" The free standing figures were arranged on 5 or 6 different levels .” We are now able to justify that Pliny ’ s knowledge came from a work written by the architect.

We learn from Vitruvius that Satyrus and Phytheus wrote a description of their work which Pliny likely read.

It is the only work by Pliny to have survived and the last that he published, lacking a final revision at his sudden and unexpected death in the AD 79 eruption of Vesuvius.

Melampus, for example, quotes from her in his book Peri Palmon Mantike (" On Twitches ") § 17, § 18 ; and Pliny quotes from her respecting eagles and hawks, evidently from some book of augury, and perhaps from a work which is still extant in MS., entitled Orneosophium.

The work of Trogus is lost ; but the prologi or arguments of the text are preserved by Pliny and other writers.

" The idea of Pliny as a model is not consistent with any sort of decline ; moreover, Pliny did his best work under emperors at least as tolerant as Augustus had been.

According to the new media artist and theorist Maurice Benayoun, the first piece of interactive art should be the work done by Parrhasius during his art contest with Zeuxis described by Pliny, in the fifth century B. C.

Castigationes Plinianae was considered by Barbaro's contemporaries to be the most authoritative work on Pliny.

** Rerum memoria dignarum libri, an encyclopaedic work much used by Pliny the Elder

On the other hand, Pliny, who also drew from Megasthenes ' work, gives even larger numbers of 600, 000 infantry, 30, 000 cavalry, and 9, 000 war elephants:

About 1863, after completing his translations of Hippocrates and his Pliny, he set to work in earnest on his great French dictionary.

He claimed to have corrected 5000 mistakes between two editions of Pliny the Elder's Naturalis historia, a work he found very similar to Materia Medica for which he used at least two editions as well.

Pliny, in his Natural History, recounts how Famulus went for only a few hours each day to the Golden House, to work while the light was right.

Of northern Europe his knowledge was imperfect, but he speaks of a great bay (" Codanus sinus ") to the north of Germany, among whose many islands was one, " Codanovia ," of pre-eminent size ; this name reappears in Pliny the Elder's work as Scatinavia.

In 1629 he produced his magnum opus as a critic, his commentary on Gaius Julius Solinus's Polyhistor, or rather on Pliny the Elder, to whom Solinus is indebted for the most important part of his work.

His contemporary, Pliny the Elder, does recommend the use of adding resin to the fermenting wine must in his work Naturalis Historia ( 14. 124 ) with the resin from mountainous areas having a better aroma than those that come from lower lands ( 16. 60 ).

The methods used by the Roman miners are fully described by Pliny the Elder in his work Naturalis Historia published in about 77 AD.

* Rerum memoria dignarum libri, an encyclopaedic work much used by Pliny the Elder

This image of a fully mature " Venus rising from the sea " ( Venus Anadyomene ) was one of the iconic representations of Aphrodite, made famous in a much-admired painting by Apelles, now lost, but described in the Natural History of Pliny the Elder.

According to The Natural History " by Pliny the Elder:

He might also have been influenced by the name of a legendary island mentioned in The Natural History by Pliny the Elder.

However, it is clear he was familiar with the works of Virgil and with Pliny the Elder's Natural History, and his monastery also owned copies of the works of Dionysius Exiguus.

Pliny the Elder's Natural History has a few brief references to Caligula.

Also in Roman times, some Essenes settled on the Dead Sea's western shore ; Pliny the Elder identifies their location with the words, " on the west side of the Dead Sea, away from the coast ... the town of Engeda " ( Natural History, Bk 5. 73 ); and it is therefore a hugely popular but contested hypothesis today, that same Essenes are identical with the settlers at Qumran and that " the Dead Sea Scrolls " discovered during the 20th century in the nearby caves had been their own library.

The earliest allusion to pandeism found to date is in 1787, in translator Gottfried Große ’ s interpretation of Pliny the Elder ’ s Natural History:

* " The Natural History of Pliny ".

The earliest written references that have survived relating to the islands were made by Pliny the Elder in his Natural History, where he states that there are 30 " Hebudes ", and makes a separate reference to " Dumna ", which Watson ( 1926 ) concludes is unequivocally the Outer Hebrides.

Pliny the Elder's Natural History ( 36. 90 ) lists the legendary Smilis, reputed to be a contemporary of Daedalus, together with the historical mid-sixth-century BC architects and sculptors Rhoikos and Theodoros as two of the makers of the Lemnian labyrinth, which Andrew Stewart regards as " evidently a misunderstanding of the Samian temple's location en limnais the marsh '.

Ancient Romans, such as Pliny the Elder ( Natural History, 3. 5 ) and Varro ( cited by Pliny ), speculated that the name Lusitania was of Roman origin, as when Pliny says lusum enim liberi patris aut lyssam cum eo bacchantium nomen dedisse lusitaniae et pana praefectum eius universae: that Lusitania takes its name from the lusus associated with Bacchus and the lyssa of his Bacchantes, and that Pan is its governor.

The port is mentioned in Pliny the Elder's Natural History ( III. v ) and in Tacitus ' Histories ( III. 42 ), when Valens was forced to put into the port ( Fabius Valens e sinu Pisano segnitia maris aut adversante vento portum Herculis Monoeci depellitur ).

In book 8, chapter 16 of Pliny the Elder's Natural History from 77 AD the elk and an animal called achlis, which is presumably the same animal, are described thus:

Metal-coated glass mirrors are said to have been invented in Sidon ( modern-day Lebanon ) in the first century AD, and glass mirrors backed with gold leaf are mentioned by the Roman author Pliny in his Natural History, written in about 77 AD.

* Natural History, by Pliny the Elder

The translation into English of Natural History written by the elder Pliny of Greece shows a few sentences on the subject of a volcanic glass called Obsian, so named from its resemblance to a stone found in Ethiopia by Obsius ( obsiānus lapis ).

According to The Natural History by Pliny the Elder:

It is said that Chandragupta fielded an army of 600, 000 men and 9, 000 war elephants ( Pliny, Natural History VI, 22. 4 ).

Pliny uses it a number of times in his Natural History with the same meaning that it has today.

* Pliny the Elder ( 23 – 79 CE ), ancient Roman nobleman, scientist and historian, author of Naturalis Historia, " Pliny's Natural History "

* Natural History ( Pliny ), an encyclopedia published by Pliny the Elder

Its cultivation spread into the Mediterranean world by way of Iran from Syria: Pliny in his Natural History asserts that pistacia, " well known among us ," was one of the trees unique to Syria, and in another place, that the nut was introduced into Italy by the Roman consul in Syria, Lucius Vitellius the Elder ( consul in Syria in 35 AD ) and into Hispania at the same time by Flaccus Pompeius.