The name is derived from the type genus Apium, which was originally used by Pliny the Elder circa 50 AD for a celery-like plant.

This image of a fully mature " Venus rising from the sea " ( Venus Anadyomene ) was one of the iconic representations of Aphrodite, made famous in a much-admired painting by Apelles, now lost, but described in the Natural History of Pliny the Elder.

According to The Natural History " by Pliny the Elder:

According to Suetonius who had cited from Pliny the Elder, Agrippina had borne to Germanicus, a son called Gaius Julius Caesar who had a lovable character.

She was a beautiful and reputable woman and according to Pliny the Elder, she had a double canine in her upper right jaw, a sign of good fortune.

According to Pliny the Elder, in 467 BCE a large meteorite landed near Aegospotami.

The amphisbaena has been referred to by the poets, such as Nicander, John Milton, Alexander Pope, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and A. E. Housman, and the amphisbaena as a mythological and legendary creature has been referenced by Lucan, Pliny the Elder, Isidore of Seville, and Thomas Browne, the last of whom debunked its existence.

< div align = right >-- Pliny the Elder.

He might also have been influenced by the name of a legendary island mentioned in The Natural History by Pliny the Elder.

The accounts of historians Herodotus, Pliny the Elder, and Strabo suggest that boats were being used for commerce and traveling.

He knew patristic literature, as well as Pliny the Elder, Virgil, Lucretius, Ovid, Horace and other classical writers.

The Roman geographer Pliny the Elder ( ca.

* Pliny the Elder Naturalis Historia ( ca.

The earliest bestiary in the form in which it was later popularized was an anonymous 2nd century Greek volume called the Physiologus, which itself summarized ancient knowledge and wisdom about animals in the writings of classical authors such as Aristotle's Historia Animalium and various works by Herodotus, Pliny the Elder, Solinus, Aelian and other naturalists.

Much of the early development of purification methods is described by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia.

Composting as a recognized practice dates to at least the early Roman Empire since Pliny the Elder ( AD 23-79 ).

Pliny the Elder notes that several of them were richer than Crassus, the richest man of the Republican era.

The event was witnessed by Pliny the Elder:

According to Pliny the Elder in Achaea, the garland worn by the winners of the sacred Nemean Games was also made of celery.

There are few direct testimonies to the language of the Cimbri: Referring to the Northern Ocean ( the Baltic or the North Sea ), Pliny the Elder states: " Philemon says that it is called Morimarusa, i. e. the Dead Sea, by the Cimbri, until the promontory of Rubea, and after that Cronium.

He began the aqueducts Aqua Claudia and Anio Novus, which Pliny the Elder considered engineering marvels.

All surviving sources, except Pliny the Elder, characterize Caligula as insane.

This diagnosis is mainly attributed to Caligula's irritability and his " stare " as described by Pliny the Elder.

Aelian's anecdotes on animals rarely depend on direct observation: they are almost entirely taken from written sources, often Pliny the Elder, but also other authors and works now lost, to whom he is thus a valuable witness.

Pytheas's account was noted later by other writers including Pliny the Elder and Diodorus Siculus.

In the 4th century BC Plato knew oreichalkos as rare and nearly as valuable as gold and Pliny describes how aurichalcum had come from Cypriot ore deposits which had been exhausted by the 1st century AD.

Pliny the Elder describes the methods of preparing papyrus in his Naturalis Historia.

Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia describes a battering ram used in mining, where hard rock needed to be broken down to release the ore.

Nonetheless, Rasmus Christian Rask concluded that the texts must indeed be the remnants of a much larger literature, as Pliny the Elder had suggested in his Naturalis Historiae, where he describes one Hermippus of Smyrna having " interpreted two million verses of Zoroaster " in the 3rd century BC.

In his book on sculpture, Pliny describes two statues of " Bonus Eventus " which were in fact renamed images of Greek gods.

Pliny the Elder, notes that although emmer was called far in his time formerly it was called adoreum ( or " glory "), providing an etymology explaining that emmer had been held in glory ( N. H. 18. 3 ), and later in the same book he describes its role in sacrifices.

Some hint of the complicated cultural web that bound Armorica and the Britanniae ( the " Britains " of Pliny ) is given by Caesar when he describes Diviciacus of the Suessiones, as " the most powerful ruler in the whole of Gaul, who had control not only over a large area of this region but also of Britain " Archaeological sites along the south coast of England, notably at Hengistbury Head, show connections with Armorica as far east as the Solent.

Pliny describes a secluded suite of rooms in his Laurentine villa which he used as a retreat " especially during the Saturnalia when the rest of the house is noisy with the licence of the holiday and festive cries.

Pliny's Natural History and the epigram writer Martial both credit Cnaeus Matius Calvinus, in the circle of Julius Caesar, with introducing the first topiary to Roman gardens, and Pliny the Younger describes in a letter the elaborate figures of animals, inscriptions, cyphers and obelisks in clipped greens at his Tuscan villa ( Epistle vi, to Apollinaris ).

In his Natural History Pliny the Elder describes a race of silvestres ( wild ) creatures in India who had humanoid bodies but a coat of fur, fangs, and no capacity to speak-a description that fits gibbons indigenous to the area.

Pliny the Elder, writing in the first century AD, describes a religious ceremony in Gaul in which white-clad druids climbed a sacred oak, cut down the mistletoe growing on it, sacrificed two white bulls and used the mistletoe to cure infertility:

Pliny the Younger ( 1st century AD ) describes in a letter the long periods he spent in his Bellagio villa, during which he practised not only study and writing but also hunting and fishing.

Pliny portrays Zenodorus as a well-reputed ancient artist of bronze statues, and describes Lysistratos of Sikyon, who takes plaster casts from living faces to create wax casts using the indirect process.

Pliny, writing in Latin in the 1st century CE, describes a region of Syria that was " formerly called Palaestina " among the areas of the Eastern Mediterranean.

According to classical rabbinical literature, the specific agate was of a sky-blue colour, and though Jacinth now refers to a red-tinted clear gem-the Jacinth-this wasn't the case at the time the Book of Revelation was written, and at that time Jacinth appears to have referred to a bluish gem ; Pliny describes Jacinth as a dull and blueish amethyst, while Solinus describes it as a clear blue tinted gem-the modern Sapphire.

An anecdote related by Pliny describes how Zeuxis reviewed the young women of Agrigentum naked before selecting five whose features he would combine in order to paint an ideal image.

The Germanic list, whom Pliny describes as

In his Epistles, Pliny the Younger describes the scene as he pleaded for a woman whose 80-year-old husband had disinherited her within days of taking a new wife.

The Periplus describes it as 3000 stadia south of the Moskhophagoi, and 4000 stadia north of Adulis, inside the regions ruled by Zôskalês, the king of Aksum ; Pliny the Elder ( N. H. 6. 168 ) notes that Ptolemais was close to Lake Monoleus.

Pliny describes four types of aetites in his Natural History and outlines their magico-medical use:

Horace and other Roman writers mention " mera tarantina " from Taranto, and Pliny the Elder describes Manduria as ' viticulosa ' ( full of vineyards ).

Pliny never saw this tomb, so his description was based on a report from Varro and perhaps a conflated comparison to the Minoan labyrinths he describes before this tomb.

In the Roman era, the term Syria is used to comprise the entire northern Levant and has an uncertain border to the northeast that Pliny the Elder describes as including, from west to east, Commagene, Sophene, and Adiabene, " formerly known as Assyria ".