The name is derived from the type genus Apium, which was originally used by Pliny the Elder circa 50 AD for a celery-like plant.

This image of a fully mature " Venus rising from the sea " ( Venus Anadyomene ) was one of the iconic representations of Aphrodite, made famous in a much-admired painting by Apelles, now lost, but described in the Natural History of Pliny the Elder.

According to The Natural History " by Pliny the Elder:

According to Suetonius who had cited from Pliny the Elder, Agrippina had borne to Germanicus, a son called Gaius Julius Caesar who had a lovable character.

She was a beautiful and reputable woman and according to Pliny the Elder, she had a double canine in her upper right jaw, a sign of good fortune.

According to Pliny the Elder, in 467 BCE a large meteorite landed near Aegospotami.

The amphisbaena has been referred to by the poets, such as Nicander, John Milton, Alexander Pope, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and A. E. Housman, and the amphisbaena as a mythological and legendary creature has been referenced by Lucan, Pliny the Elder, Isidore of Seville, and Thomas Browne, the last of whom debunked its existence.

< div align = right >-- Pliny the Elder.

He might also have been influenced by the name of a legendary island mentioned in The Natural History by Pliny the Elder.

The accounts of historians Herodotus, Pliny the Elder, and Strabo suggest that boats were being used for commerce and traveling.

He knew patristic literature, as well as Pliny the Elder, Virgil, Lucretius, Ovid, Horace and other classical writers.

The Roman geographer Pliny the Elder ( ca.

* Pliny the Elder Naturalis Historia ( ca.

The earliest bestiary in the form in which it was later popularized was an anonymous 2nd century Greek volume called the Physiologus, which itself summarized ancient knowledge and wisdom about animals in the writings of classical authors such as Aristotle's Historia Animalium and various works by Herodotus, Pliny the Elder, Solinus, Aelian and other naturalists.

Much of the early development of purification methods is described by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia.

Composting as a recognized practice dates to at least the early Roman Empire since Pliny the Elder ( AD 23-79 ).

Pliny the Elder notes that several of them were richer than Crassus, the richest man of the Republican era.

The event was witnessed by Pliny the Elder:

According to Pliny the Elder in Achaea, the garland worn by the winners of the sacred Nemean Games was also made of celery.

There are few direct testimonies to the language of the Cimbri: Referring to the Northern Ocean ( the Baltic or the North Sea ), Pliny the Elder states: " Philemon says that it is called Morimarusa, i. e. the Dead Sea, by the Cimbri, until the promontory of Rubea, and after that Cronium.

He began the aqueducts Aqua Claudia and Anio Novus, which Pliny the Elder considered engineering marvels.

All surviving sources, except Pliny the Elder, characterize Caligula as insane.

This diagnosis is mainly attributed to Caligula's irritability and his " stare " as described by Pliny the Elder.

Aelian's anecdotes on animals rarely depend on direct observation: they are almost entirely taken from written sources, often Pliny the Elder, but also other authors and works now lost, to whom he is thus a valuable witness.

Pytheas's account was noted later by other writers including Pliny the Elder and Diodorus Siculus.

Pliny indeed mentions a great calamity which the city had sustained, when ( he tells us ) half of it was swallowed up by the sea, probably from an earthquake having caused the fall of part of the hill on which it stands, but we have no clue to the date of this event ; The Itineraries attest the existence of Tyndaris, apparently still as a considerable place, in the fourth century.

Its position gave it a high importance in Ægean trade ; while the island itself was rich in wines of considerable fame ( Pliny, xxxv.

Silius Italicus speaks of it as abounding in fish, litus piscosa Calacte and its name, though omitted by Pliny, is found in Ptolemy, as well as in the Antonine Itineraries ; but there is considerable difficulty in regard to its position.

There are considerable catacombs near the ancient town of Busiris ( Pliny xxxvi.

The Siris and Aciris ( modern Agri ) are mentioned in conjunction by Pliny as well as by Strabo, and are two of the most considerable streams in Lucania.

In book 8, chapter 16 of Pliny the Elder's Natural History from 77 AD the elk and an animal called achlis, which is presumably the same animal, are described thus:

Melampus, for example, quotes from her in his book Peri Palmon Mantike (" On Twitches ") § 17, § 18 ; and Pliny quotes from her respecting eagles and hawks, evidently from some book of augury, and perhaps from a work which is still extant in MS., entitled Orneosophium.

In his book on sculpture, Pliny describes two statues of " Bonus Eventus " which were in fact renamed images of Greek gods.

Pliny the Elder, notes that although emmer was called far in his time formerly it was called adoreum ( or " glory "), providing an etymology explaining that emmer had been held in glory ( N. H. 18. 3 ), and later in the same book he describes its role in sacrifices.

Material from this book is quoted directly or indirectly by Diodorus Siculus, Strabo, Pliny the Elder, Aelian ( Claudius Aelianus ) and other authors.

The Abarimon people were first described by Pliny the Elder in his book, Natural History ( VII 11 ).

Both Pliny the Elder ( Natural History book iv ) and Jordanes are aware that the names in Sar-and in Sauro-are interchangeable variants, referring to the same people.

Ophrys was first mentioned in the book " Natural History " by Pliny the Elder ( 23-79 AD ).

X. 1. 95 ), Varro was recognized as an important source by many other ancient authors, among them Cicero, Pliny the Elder, Virgil in the Georgics, Columella, Aulus Gellius, Macrobius, Augustine, and Vitruvius, who credits him ( VII. Intr. 14 ) with a book on architecture.

Pliny The Elder mentioned the Great Sphinx in his book, Natural History, commenting that the Egyptians looked upon the statue as a " divinity " that has been passed over in silence and " that King Harmais was buried in it ".

Although older writings exist which deal with herbal medicine, such as Edwin Smith Papyrus in Egypt, Pliny ’ s pharmacopoeia and De Materia Medica ( Περί ύλης ιατρικής ), a five volume book originally written in Greek by Pedanius Dioscorides, are considered the major initial works in the field.

The book is unfinished, and treats only of the first luminary, Cicero ; the others intended were apparently Seneca and Pliny.

References to St. Elmo's fire can be found in the works of Julius Caesar ( De Bello Africo, 47 ), Pliny the Elder ( Naturalis Historia, book 2, par.

This folktale has been contested ever since antiquity: in 77 AD, Pliny the Elder provides the first surviving refutation in Natural History ( book 10, chapter xxxii: olorum morte narratur flebilis cantus, falso, ut arbitror, aliquot experimentis ), stating: " observation shows that the story that the dying swan sings is false.

( Pliny the Younger mentions Rectina, whom he calls the wife of Tascius, in Letter 16 of book VI of his Letters.

The novel takes as its motto two parallel quotes, from Tom Wolfe's " Hooking Up " and from the " Natural History " of Pliny the Elder ( who, as noted, is a central character in the book itself ), with both writers speaking in nearly identical terms of the preeminence of, respectively, the present United States and the Roman Empire, over the rest of the world.

In his 2008 book, Neuroarthistory: from Aristotle and Pliny to Baxandall and Zeki, Professor John Onians of the University of East Anglia considers himself to be at the forefront of the field of neural scientific biased art historical research, although such a ' history ' is much shorter than Onians would have us believe.

Pliny the Elder, in his book " Natural History " writes: " The physician Apollodorus, in the work in which he wrote recommending King Ptolemy what wines in particular to drink -- for in his time the wines of Italy were not generally known -- has spoken in high terms of that of Naspercene in Pontus, next to which he places the Oretic, and then the Aeneatian, the Leucadian, the Ambraciotic, and the Peparethian, to which last he gives the preference over all the rest, though he states that it enjoyed an inferior reputation, from the fact of its not being considered fit for drinking until it had been kept six years.

In book 28, chapter 51, Pliny writes:

The second part of book II treats animal symbolism and allegory, essentially derived from Aristotle, Aelian, Pliny and Artemidorus, and are probably an addition by the Greek translator.