Robert Plutchik agreed with Ekman's biologically driven but developed the " wheel of emotions ", suggesting eight primary emotions grouped on a positive or negative basis: joy versus sadness ; anger versus fear ; trust versus distrust ; and surprise versus anticipation.

Some psychologists such as John B. Watson, Robert Plutchik, and Paul Ekman have suggested that there is only a small set of basic or innate emotions and that fear is one of them.

Robert Plutchik ( 21 October 1927 – 29 April 2006 ) was professor emeritus at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and adjunct professor at the University of South Florida.

Robert Plutchik also created a wheel of emotions.

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* Plutchik, R. ( 1980 ).

In R. Plutchik & H. Kellerman ( Eds.

* Zwerling I, Plutchik R, Hotz M, Kling R, Rubin L, Grossman J, Siegel B.

In R. Plutchik & H. R. Conte ( Eds.

Plutchik proposed that these ' basic ' emotions are biologically primitive and have evolved in order to increase the reproductive fitness of the animal.

Plutchik argues for the primacy of these emotions by showing each to be the trigger of behaviour with high survival value, such as the way fear inspires the fight-or-flight response.

Plutchik first proposed his cone-shaped model ( 3D ) or the wheel model ( 2D ) in 1980 to describe how emotions were related.

Plutchik contributed the " Emotions " article to the encyclopedia, World Book Millennium 2000.

Examples of this include the dimensional models of Russell and others, the emotion wheel of Plutchik, and the general distinction between basic and complex emotions.

Robert James Lee " Bob " Hawke AC GCL ( born 9 December 1929 ) is a former Australian politician who served as the 23rd Prime Minister of Australia from 1983 to 1991.

He received accolades for his portrayal of Sydney Carton in a made for television version of A Tale of Two Cities ( 1980 ), co-starred with Dennis Hopper in The Osterman Weekend ( 1983 ), which was based on the Robert Ludlum novel of the same name, and co-starred with Goldie Hawn in Protocol ( 1984 ).

* 1902 – Robert F. Bradford, 57th Governor of Massachusetts ( d. 1983 )

He followed this up with a critically acclaimed performance in Martin Scorsese's 1983 film, The King of Comedy, in which Lewis plays a late-night TV host plagued by obsessive fans ( played by Robert De Niro and Sandra Bernhard ).

* 1983 – Robert Ri ' chard, American actor

She married Dr. Robert Levine on November 23, 1983, at the Pierre Hotel in New York City.

* Sampson, Robert ( 1983 ) Yesterday's Faces: A Study of Series Characters in the early Pulp Magazines.

* In 1983 Robert Anton Wilson published a non-fiction book called Prometheus Rising ( which was followed by Quantum Psychology )

* 1983 – Robert A. Heinlein, The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress and Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged

* Robert Ten Broeck Stevens ( 1899 – 1983 ), American businessman and politician, Secretary of the Army, opposed Joseph McCarthy

* Robert Ten Broeck Stevens ( 1899 – 1983 ), American businessman and politician, Secretary of the Army, opposed Joseph McCarthy

Robert Kronemeyer in 1980 published Overcoming Homosexuality, while research psychologist Elizabeth Moberly in 1983 published Homosexuality: A New Christian Ethic.

Hootenanny was played on over two hundred radio stations across the country, with critics acclaiming the album ; The Village Voice < nowiki >'</ nowiki > s Robert Christgau deemed it " the most critically independent album of 1983 ".

* Hine, Robert V. ( 1983 ) California's Utopian Colonies ( University of California Press ) ISBN 0-520-04885-7

On November 7, 1983, a group called the Armed Resistance Unit claimed responsibility for a bomb that detonated in the lobby outside the office of Senate Minority Leader Robert Byrd.

The first cases of AIDS were reported in 1981, and HIV, the retrovirus causing it, was identified in 1983 by Robert Gallo and Luc Montagnier.

Robert Shea provided a four-paragraph introduction to the rulebook for the Illuminati Expansion Set 1 ( 1983 ), in which he wrote, " Maybe the Illuminati are behind this game.

Kranzberg served as president of the society from 1983 to 1984, and edited the society's journal from 1959 to 1981, when he turned it over to Robert C. Post of the Smithsonian Institution.

Smith also appeared in a number of films, often as himself ; The Candidate ( 1972 ),, The President's Plane Is Missing ( 1973, a made-for-television production of the Robert J. Serling novel of the same name ), Nashville ( 1975 ), Close Encounters of the Third Kind ( 1977 ), The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas ( 1982 ), the " The Odd Candidate " ( 1974 ) episode of the television series The Odd Couple ( playing himself ), the " Kill Oscar " episode ( 1977 ) of The Bionic Woman ( playing himself anchoring an ABC newscast ), and both V ( 1983 ) and the subsequent 1984 television series.

* Benayoun, Robert, The Look of Buster Keaton ( 1983 ) St. Martin's Press

* Dark Valley Destiny: the Life of Robert E. Howard ( 1983 ) ( with Catherine Crook de Camp and Jane Whittington Griffin )-the first major biography of Robert E. Howard

* How To Keep Dinosaurs Robert Mash ( Rushton illustrations only ) ( Penguin Books, 1983 )

* 1983 – Robert B. Laughlin explains the fractional quantum Hall effect