Kielce stadium has a complete system of monitoring, which could serve as a model for other Polish stadiums.

* List of Polish language radio stations

The deportees were taken from their homes to railway stations and were put on trains to the Polish border.

During the Second World War there were a number of RAF stations within a few miles of Newark, from many of which operated squadrons of the Polish Air Force.

* List of Polish language radio stations

* 10 April 1919 – Commission of NRL decrees removing all signs in German language from offices and train stations, and changes all streets names into Polish.

Committee of Radio and Television " Polish Radio and Television " () (( also called as a Radiocomittee-Radiokomitet ) was a institution, which managed all stations of Polish Television and Polish Radio in People's Republic of Poland ( PRL ) and in Republic of Poland.

There are Polish sports clubs ( Pogoń Lwów, Polonia Vilnius ), newspapers ( Gazeta Lwowska, Kurier Wileński ), radio stations ( in Lviv and Vilnius ), numerous theatres, schools, choirs and folk ensembles.

As a result, during the Polish-Soviet War the Polish military were regularly kept informed by Russian signals stations about the movements of Russian armies and their intentions and operational orders.

Ścieżyński surmises that the Soviets must likewise have intercepted Polish operational signals ; but he doubts that this would have availed them much since Polish cryptography " stood abreast of modern cryptography " and since only a small number of Polish higher headquarters were equipped with radio stations, of which there was a great shortage ; and finally, Polish headquarters were more cautious than the Russians and almost every Polish division had the use of a land line.

The adoption of the bill in its original form proposed by the government would have prevented Agora S. A. from buying Polsat, one of Polish private TV stations.

Crews of three Polish BRDM-2s mounting their vehicles via two hatches over driver's and commander's stations.

Before the Second World War, Polish Radio operated one national channel – broadcast from 1931 from one of Europe's most powerful longwave transmitters, situated at Raszyn just outside Warsaw and destroyed in 1939 by the invading German Army – and nine regional stations:

The company ’ s other stations already carried programmes, such as Oto Polska, which was a partial collaboration with the Polish broadcaster Telewizja Polska.

The first were nearly all in the downtown of Buenos Aires ( el égido de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires ), and soon Polish brewers began industrial production of beer: San Carlos in the province of Santa Fe, Río Segundo and Córdoba in the province of Córdoba, Quilmes ( Quilmes beer ) and Lavallol on the outskirts of La Plata ( in Buenos Aires Province ), San Miguel de Tucumán in the province of Tucumán and on the outskirts of the cities of Mendoza and Salta.

In 1929 the Polish mathematician Marian Rejewski, who would solve the German Enigma cipher machine in December 1932, began studying actuarial statistics at Göttingen.

The Nazis began the systematic genocide of over 11 million people, including the majority of the Jews of Europe and Gypsies as well as millions of Polish and Soviet Slavs.

He began his political career in 1980 / 1981 as one of the leaders of the Students ' Solidarity ; he was governor of the Gdańsk Voivodship from August 1990 to July 1996, and was elected to the Sejm ( the lower house of the Polish parliament ) in September 1997.

Within the first few days of the invasion, Germany began conducting massacres of Polish and Jewish civilians and POWs.

However, because the Soviets were removing Poles from annexed formerly Polish territories, Banach began preparing to leave the city and settle in Kraków, Poland, where he had been promised a chair at the Jagiellonian University.

Peace negotiations began on December 22, 1917, a week after the conclusion of an armistice between Russia and the Central Powers, at Brest-Litovsk ( modern Brest, Belarus, near the Polish border ).

After nine years of debate, in 1565, the anti-Trinitarians were excluded from the existing synod of the Polish Reformed Church ( henceforth the Ecclesia maior ) and they began to hold their own synods as the Ecclesia minor.

Throughout the spring and summer of 1733, France began building up forces along its northern and eastern frontiers, while the emperor massed troops on Polish borders, reducing garrisons in the Duchy of Milan for the purpose.

After Hitler's takeover of the German government in 1933, political enemies of the Nazis were persecuted, and their institutions closed or destroyed ; the Gestapo began actions against Polish and Jewish students ( see: Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau ), Communists, Social Democrats, and trade unionists, arrests were even made for speaking Polish in public, in 1938 the Nazi-controlled police destroyed the Polish cultural centre.

The Polish logician and philosopher, Jan Łukasiewicz, began to create systems of many-valued logic in 1920, using a third value, " possible ", to deal with Aristotle's paradox of the sea battle.

Therefore, when the Battle of Varna began on 10 November 1444, the Polish king and his multi-ethnic subjects did not sense that this would be for many of them their final fight.

The uprising, which began in May 1409, at first provoked little reaction from the Knights, who had not yet consolidated their rule in Samogitia by building castles ; but by June their diplomats were busy lobbying Władysław's court at Oborniki, warning his nobles against Polish involvement in a war between Lithuania and the Order.

When the War of the Polish Succession began in 1733, Philip and Elisabeth saw another opportunity to advance the claims of their sons and recover at least part of the former possessions of the Spanish crown on the Italian peninsula.

On August 15, 1943, the Białystok Ghetto Uprising began, and several hundred Polish Jews and members of the Anti-Fascist Military Organisation () started an armed struggle against the German troops who were carrying out the planned liquidation of the ghetto with deportations to the Treblinka extermination camp.

In 2011 however the Polish Government began to withdraw their subsidies, and this has led to protests by people opposed to their closure.

Polish volunteers began in 2012 an annual event to remove litter.

From then forward Bolesław III was the sole lord of the Polish lands, though in fact his over-lordship began in 1107 when Zbigniew paid him homage as his feudal lord.

In the early 1980s, in the times of martial law, Polish heavy metal began its existence.

The Warsaw mint issued grosz and złoty until 1832, when it began to issue coins denominated in both Polish and Russian currencies.

While his uncle, Nikolaus Graf von Üxküll-Gyllenband, had approached him before to join the resistance movement against the Hitler regime, it was only after the Polish campaign that Stauffenberg began to consider it.

Immediately after the Pact, preparations for the Polish – Lithuanian – Teutonic War began.

Shortly after its return to Polish territory Tychy began to develop into a small urban settlement, acquiring a hospital, a fire station, a post office, a school, a swimming pool, a bowling hall and a number of shops and restaurants.

* Operation Wawer-Palmiry — a major propaganda campaign which included painting patriotic and anti-German slogans on walls ( see also kotwica ); distribution of leaflets, posters stickers, and fake issues of supposed German newspapers ; intercepting German propaganda megaphones and using them to spread Polish propaganda ; destroying German flags and other symbols ; disrupting German events by setting off fire alarms ; and, last but not least, stink-bombing German-operated movie theaters.

Polish Constitutional Court however, in September 2008, decided that the regulations were unconstitutional and dismissed them.

Banach spaces are named after the Polish mathematician Stefan Banach who introduced them in 1920 – 1922 along with Hans Hahn and Eduard Helly .< ref >

The Cossack army were well acquainted with this Polish style of war well, having much experience of fighting against the Poles and alongside them.

Elbląg is the Polish derivative of the German name Elbing, which was assigned by the Teutonic Knights to the citadel and subsequent town placed by them in 1237 next to the river.

Most Holocaust historians identify six German Nazi extermination camps, all in occupied Poland ; two of them, Chełmno and the Auschwitz II, in the western Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany ( October 1939 ), four in the General Government area.

Some of them refused to fight against blacks, supporting the principles of liberty ; also, a few Poles ( around 100 ) actually joined the rebels ( Władysław Franciszek Jabłonowski was one of the Polish generals ).

On 26 March, in an extremely stormy meeting with the Polish Ambassador Józef Lipski, Ribbentrop accused the Poles of attempting to bully Germany by their partial mobilization and violently attacked them for only offering consideration of the German demand about the " extra-territorial " roads.

The manuscript is known today only from facsimile copies, twenty four of which were made in 1886 by Edward Rożnowski, Wybicki's grandson, who donated them to Polish libraries.

Masurians showed considerable support for the Polish uprising in 1831, and maintained many contacts with Russian-held areas of Poland beyond the border of Prussia, the areas being connected by common culture and language ; before the uprising people visited each other's country fairs and much trade took placw, with smuggling also widespread Some early writers about Masurians-like Max Toeppen-postulated them as mediators between German and Slav cultures.

After 1871 there appeared resistance among the Masurians towards Germanization efforts, the so called Gromadki movement was formed which supported use of Polish language and came into conflict with German authorities ; while most of its members viewed themselves as loyal to Prussian state, a part of them joined the Pro-Polish faction of Masurians.

Names of those Masurs supporting Polish side were published in German newspapers, and their photos presented in German shops ; afterwards a regular hunts were organised after them by German militias which terrorized Polish population At least 3, 000 Warmian and Masurian activists who were engaged for Polish side had to flee the region out of fear of their lives At the same time German police engaged in active surveillance of Polish minority and attacks against Polish activists Before the plebiscite Poles started to flee the region to escape the German harassment and terror

The majority ( over 100 thousand ) gradually left and after the improvement of German-Polish relations by the German Ostpolitik of the 1970s 55, 227 persons from Warmia and Masuria moved to Western Germany in between 1971 and 1988, today approximately between 5, 000 and 6, 000 Masurians still live in the area, about 50 percent of them members of the German minority in Poland, the remaining half is ethnic Polish.

Henry II sent a delegation to the Polish rulers, in an effort to induce them to conclude a peace settlement.

The nobles accepted the proposal that Hedwig should reign over them and Elizabeth contended herself with seeing her other daughter ascend to the Polish throne.

His policies concerning the Poles of Prussia were generally unfavourable to them, furthering enmity between the German and Polish peoples.

In the United States, Polish Americans number more than 11 million ( see: Polish language in the United States ) but most of them cannot speak Polish fluently.

By the end of 2012, 8 of the 10 largest Polish cities ( Gdańsk, Poznań, Wrocław, Łódź, Warsaw, Kraków, Katowice, Szczecin ) will have a motorway connecting them with the motorway network of Europe.

Upper Silesia, in 1945, had a considerable number of Roman Catholic mixed bilingual inhabitants that spoke both German and Polish dialects, and their Polish linguistic skills were solid enough for them to be allowed to remain in the area.