Some sources, including The Saint Petersburg Gazette, have claimed that her illegitimate father was the Jewish – Russian banker Lazar Polyakov.

The Mir programme held the record for the longest uninterrupted human presence in space, at 3, 644 days, until 23 October 2010 ( when it was surpassed by the ISS ), and it currently holds the record for the longest single human spaceflight, of Valeri Polyakov, at 437 days 18 hours.

His most important leak of information was the betrayal of Dmitri Polyakov, code named TOPHAT.

For unknown reasons, the Soviets did not act on their intelligence about Polyakov until he was betrayed a second time by CIA mole Aldrich Ames in 1985.

Polyakov was arrested in 1986 and executed in 1988.

On 28 June 2008, he was reported by Mail Online to have received a warning from Downing Street after MI5 discovered that he was holding meetings with a suspected Russian spy Alexander Polyakov, officially a counsellor at the Russian Embassy in London ; it was also claimed that MacKinlay had been targeted by aides of Russia's richest man, Oleg Deripaska, as a ' stooge ' for use in a High Court battle.

Along with Commander Vladimir Lyakhov and Flight Engineer Valery Polyakov, Momand was part of the Soyuz TM-6 three-man crew, which launched at 04: 23 GMT August 29, 1988.

The three person crew that was launched consisted of Research Doctor Valeri Polyakov, who became part of the EO-3 crew, as well as the two crew members of the week-long mission Mir EP-3, which included the first ever Afghan cosmonaut, Abdul Ahad Mohmand.

One was Dr. Valeri Polyakov, who would remain aboard Mir with Titov and Manarov to monitor their health during the final months of their planned year-long stay.

They would join the third crew member of EO-4, cosmonaut / physician Valeri Polyakov, who was on Mir for the second half of EO-3.

Dr. Polyakov was slated to

Polyakov was born in Tula, Tula Oblast, Russian SFSR on April 27, 1942.

Polyakov was selected as a cosmonaut in Medical Group 3 on March 22, 1972.

When researchers compared the results of these medical exams, it was revealed that although there were no impairments of cognitive functions, Polyakov experienced a clear decline in mood as well as a feeling of increased workload during the first few weeks of spaceflight and return to Earth.

It was also revealed that Polyakov did not suffer from any prolonged performance impairments after returning to Earth.

Following this critique, Polyakov was stripped of his 1948 Stalin Prize but retained the other one, for a Moscow Metro station.

It was introduced by S. Deser and B. Zumino and independently by L. Brink, P. Di Vecchia and P. S. Howe ( in Physics Letters B65, pgs 369 and 471 respectively ), and has become associated with Alexander Polyakov after he made use of it in quantizing the string.

* Book by Yury Polyakov ( Ю ́ рий Миха ́ йлович Поляко ́ в ): Сто дней до приказа (" One Hundred Days Till the Release Order ", written in 1980, but was only able to be published in 1987 ).

It was first found independently by Gerard't Hooft and Alexander Polyakov.

Alexander Polyakov was awarded the Lars Onsager prize ( together with A. Belavin and A. Zamolodchikov ) in 2011, Harvey Prize in 2010, Dirac Medal and the Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics in 1986, the Lorentz Medal in 1994, and the Oskar Klein Medal in 1996.

Upon finding out about the letter, which was a de facto " declaration of war against China ", U. S. and British authorities had contacted Polyakov and arranged to purchase it back from him.

He then meets one of the professor's students who was Polyakov's former lover and who informs him that Polyakov had had a relationship with Vladimir Bresnavitch ( Orson Welles ) of the Soviet Central Committee.

* 1994 – Russian cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov on Soyuz TM-18 leaves for Mir.

* March 22 – Cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov returns after setting a record for 438 days in outer space.

The duration record for a single spaceflight is 437. 7 days, set by Valeriy Polyakov aboard Mir from 1994 to 1995., three astronauts have completed single missions of over a year, all aboard Mir.

On the arm of Valeriy Polyakov, a Poljot 3133 chronograph movement-based watch set a space record for the longest space flight in history.

In his 1977 paper Quark Confinement and Topology of Gauge Groups, Alexander Polyakov demonstrated that instanton effects in 3-dimensional QED coupled to a scalar field lead to a mass for the photon.

Polyakov is the creator and the leader of the International Science School of Universology, consisting of hundreds of teams that develop and apply Universology as a philosophical school, and provide a methodology for a healthy lifestyle.

These were marred by numerous administrative sanctions, due to " lack of discipline " and occasional drunken sprees which were a reaction, mainly, to the lack of serious roles and his inability to realise his artistic potential A short stint in 1962 with the Moscow Theater of Miniatures ( administered at the time by Vladimir Polyakov ) ended with him being fired, officially " for a total lack of sense of humour ".

* March 22-Cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov returns after setting a record for 438 days in space.

Polyakov completed his second flight into space in 1994 – 1995, spending 437 days in space between launching on Soyuz TM-18 and landing on TM-20, setting the record for the longest time continuously spent in space by an individual in human history.

After staying aboard the Mir space station and conducting research for 240 days, Polyakov returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TM-7.

Polyakov volunteered for his 437 day flight to learn how the human body would respond to the micro-gravity environment on long-duration missions to Mars.

Upon returning from his second spaceflight, Polyakov held the record for the most total time in space.

Since returning from space, Polyakov remained active in the discipline of international spaceflight, becoming a " cosmonaut-investigator " for the United States, Austria, Germany, and France during their respective space science missions to the Mir space station.

Polyakov has won several awards for his spaceflight and academic achievements, including the Hero of the Soviet Union / Russian Federation, Order of Lenin, Order of the Legion of Honour, and the Order of Parasat.

The Volga – Don Canal, together with the Tsimlyansky water-engineering system ( chief architect Leonid Polyakov ), form part of an architectural ensemble dedicated to the battles for Tsaritsyn during the Russian Civil War and for Stalingrad during the German-Soviet War.

It is, for example, a symmetry of the Polyakov action.

Alexey Dushkin and Yevgeny Rybitsky received special criticism for triple cost overruns and luxurious floorplans ; Rybitsky and Polyakov were deprived of their Stalin prizes.

Alifirenko, Polyakov and Schumann all reached 592 points, a much higher result level than in Sydney, but still far from Schumann's Olympic record from Atlanta, 596.

On January 9, 1995, after 366 days in space, Polyakov formally broke the spaceflight duration record previously set by Vladimir Titov and Musa Manarov six years earlier.