Polyploidy is the state where all cells have multiple sets of chromosomes beyond the basic set.

Polyploidy can be induced in plants and cell cultures by some chemicals: the best known is colchicine, which can result in chromosome doubling, though its use may have other less obvious consequences as well.

Polyploidy in lower plants ( ferns, horsetails and psilotales ) is also common, and some species of ferns have reached levels of polyploidy far in excess of the highest levels known in flowering plants. Polyploidy in animals is much less common, but it has been significant in some groups. Polyploid series in related species which consist entirely of multiples of a single basic number are known as euploid.

Polyploidy is a condition wherein organisms have three or more sets of genetic variation ( 3n or more ).

Polyploidy is a condition where the phenotype of the offspring may be quite different from the parent, or indeed any ancestor, essentially allowing possibly random expression of all ( or any ) of the characteristics of all the generations that have gone before.

Polyploidy occurs in some animals, such as goldfish, salmon, and salamanders, but is especially common among ferns and flowering plants ( see Hibiscus rosa-sinensis ), including both wild and cultivated species.

Polyploidy occurs commonly in plants, but rarely in animals.

Polyploidy is pervasive in plants and some estimates suggest that 30 – 80 % of living plant species are polyploid, and many lineages show evidence of ancient polyploidy ( paleopolyploidy ) in their genomes.

Polyploidy in crop plants is most commonly induced by treating seeds with the chemical colchicine.

Polyploidy in plants.

* Polyploidy, where there are more than two sets of homologous chromosomes in the cells, occurs mainly in plants.

Polyploidy is a mechanism that has caused many rapid speciation events in sympatry because offspring of, for example, tetraploid x diploid matings often result in triploid sterile progeny.

* Polyploidy, a phenomenon also known as ancient genome duplication

Polyploidy is important in hybrids as it allows reproduction, with the two different sets of chromosomes each being able to pair with an identical partner during meiosis.

Polyploidy may be associated with increased vigor and adaptability.

Polyploidy is important in hybrids as it allows reproduction, with the two different sets of chromosomes each being able to pair with an identical partner during meiosis.

Polyploidy is common, with up to 343n having been recorded in some species.

Polyploidy from the diploid ( 14 chromosomes ) to the tetradecaploid ( 98 chromosomes ) is exhibited.

Polyploidy refers to a numerical change in a whole set of chromosomes.

Polyploidy may occur due to abnormal cell division, either during mitosis, or commonly during metaphase I in meiosis.

Polyploidy in animals.

Polyploidy is important in hybrids as it allows reproduction, with the two different sets of chromosomes each being able to pair with an identical partner during meiosis.

The major effect of these advances appears to lie in the part they have played in the industrial revolution and in the tools which scientific understanding has given us to build and manipulate a more protective environment.

That this and the closing of the East Berlin-West Berlin border have not been accepted by the Western governments appears in notes which Britain, France, and the United States sent to Moscow after the latter's gratuitous protest over a visit of Chancellor Adenauer and other West German officials to West Berlin.

The appointment of U Thant of Burma as the U.N.'s Acting Secretary General -- at this writing, the choice appears to be certain -- offers further proof that in politics it is more important to have no influential enemies than to have influential friends.

Under this new management considerable progress appears to have been made.

In fact, one of the major reasons for the failure of the ill-starred expedition appears to have been a lack of full information on the extent to which Cuba has been getting this Russian military equipment.

It was indeed a remarkable feat that a man who had had no experience of bridge building should have applied the principle of the arch, which appears in his famous bridges at Portsmouth, Haverhill, and Philadelphia.

Yet, the object of the element of achieving through the process of goal attaining for this population appears to have been changed by circumstances brought about by the war.

By these measures, Congress, so the Court ( in effect ) now decides, gave not only needless but inadequate relief, since it now appears that the federal courts have inherent power to sterilize the Act of 1875 against all proceedings challenging local regulation ''.

Until such evidence appears, we must make do with the evidence we have.

Anglo-Saxon poetry appears to have no comparable amount of repetition ; ;

Blood in the bathtub where the murderer appears to have washed his hands.

He is not there on business, since he appears to have private means.

In the infliction of the remaining plagues, he appears to have acted merely as the attendant of Moses, whose outstretched rod drew the divine wrath upon the Pharaoh and his subjects ( Exodus 9: 23, 10: 13, 22 ).

Highly specific local traditions in architecture and pottery emerged, and trade over long distances appears to have been common.

This modest community appears to have been abandoned during the same time period.

The Doubleday myth appears to have rested solely on the testimony of one elderly admirer who was later committed to an insane asylum.

The idea of negative matter appears in past theories of matter that have now been abandoned.

It appears, however, to have been partly derived from older Eocene deposits and it occurs also as a derivative phase in later formations, such as glacial drift.

The term Animism appears to have been first developed as animismus by German scientist Georg Ernst Stahl, circa 1720, to refer to the " doctrine that animal life is produced by an immaterial soul.

26 ) by Hippolytus, who appears in these chapters to have followed the Exegetica of Basilides.

Shu-Durul ( 2168 – 2154 BC ) appears to have restored some order, however he was unable to prevent the empire eventually collapsing outright from the invasion of barbarian peoples from the Zagros Mountains known as the Gutians.

A cadastral survey seems also to have been instituted, and one of the documents relating to it states that a certain Uru-Malik, whose name appears to indicate his Canaanite origin, was governor of the land of the Amorites, or Amurru as the semi-nomadic people of Syria and Canaan were called in Akkadian.

The Trojan War is supposed by many to have occurred at the height of the Mycenaean civilization ( see discussion of Troy VII ), roughly the point at which this palace appears to have been abandoned.