The cement, commonly Portland cement, and other cementitious materials such as fly ash and slag cement, serve as a binder for the aggregate.

A method for producing Portland cement was patented by Joseph Aspdin on 1824.

Portland cement is the most common type of cement in general usage.

English masonry worker Joseph Aspdin patented Portland cement in 1824 ; it was named because of its similarity in color to Portland limestone, quarried from the English Isle of Portland and used extensively in London architecture.

Portland cement and similar materials are made by heating limestone ( a source of calcium ) with clay and grinding this product ( called clinker ) with a source of sulfate ( most commonly gypsum ).

** Portland cement, the classical concrete cement

Mixed with other compounds, lime forms an important part of Portland cement.

Carbonates are widely used in industry, e. g. in iron smelting, as a raw material for Portland cement and lime manufacture, in the composition of ceramic glazes, and more.

Hydraulic cements ( e. g., Portland cement ) harden because of hydration, chemical reactions that occur independently of the mixture's water content ; they can harden even underwater or when constantly exposed to wet weather.

In 1824, Joseph Aspdin patented a similar material, which he called Portland cement, because the render made from it was in color similar to the prestigious Portland stone.

This was what we call today " modern " Portland cement.

Thus Portland cement began its predominant role.

But its long curing time of at least a month made it unpopular after World War One in the construction of highways and bridges and many states and construction firms turned to the use of Portland cement.

Because of the switch to Portland cement, by the end of the 1920s of the 15 Rosendale cement companies, only one had survived.

But in the early 1930s it was soon discovered that, while Portland cement had a faster setting time it was not as durable, especially for highways, to the point that some states stopped building highways and roads with cement.

The resulting hard substance, called ' clinker ', is then ground with a small amount of gypsum into a powder to make ' Ordinary Portland Cement ', the most commonly used type of cement ( often referred to as OPC ).

Other members of the Portland delegation attending the conference in Columbus are: Kathleen Mason, Jefferson high school ; ;

Amber conventions, known as Ambercons, are held yearly in Massachusetts, Michigan, Portland ( United States ), Milton Keynes ( England ) and Modena, Italy.

Products such as PLC ( Portland Limestone Cement ), which incorporate limestone into the mix, are being tested.

A number of cleanup efforts are currently underway, including Superfund projects at Portland Harbor, Hanford, and Lake Roosevelt.

They are usually complex proprietary formulations containing Portland clinker and a number of other ingredients that may include limestone, hydrated lime, air entrainers, retarders, waterproofers and coloring agents.

Expansive cements contain, in addition to Portland clinker, expansive clinkers ( usually sulfoaluminate clinkers ), and are designed to offset the effects of drying shrinkage that is normally encountered with hydraulic cements.

In other standards ( e. g. ASTM ), pigments are not allowed constituents of Portland cement, and colored cements are sold as " blended hydraulic cements ".

The hydration products that produce strength are essentially the same as those produced by Portland cement.

Their use as a low-energy alternative to Portland cement has been pioneered in China, where several million tonnes per year are produced.

The level of clay components in the limestone ( around 30 – 35 %) is such that large amounts of belite ( the low-early strength, high-late strength mineral in Portland cement ) are formed without the formation of excessive amounts of free lime.

Many famous buildings in London are built from Portland limestone.

Sand, Portland cement, and thousands of minerals are examples of silicates.

All mail for both ZIP codes are processed in Portland.

Both are based on McAdam's concept of stone aggregate in a binder, asphalt cement or Portland cement respectively.

Different materials are more or less friendly environmentally: pumice-based trass, for example, when used as an extender is less energy-intensive than Portland cement concrete or petroleum-based materials such as asphalt or tar-penetration macadam ).

Many fast food operations have more local and regional roots, such as White Castle in the Midwest United States, along with Hardee's ( owned by CKE Restaurants, which also owns Carl's Jr., whose locations are primarily on the United States West Coast ); Krystal, Bojangles ' Famous Chicken ' n Biscuits, Cook Out, and Zaxby's restaurants in the American Southeast ; Raising Cane's in Louisiana ; Hot ' n Now in Michigan and Wisconsin ; In-N-Out Burger ( in California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and Texas ) and Original Tommy's chains in Southern California ; Dick's Drive-In in Seattle, Washington and Arctic Circle in Utah and other western states ; Halo Burger around Flint, Michigan and Burgerville in the Portland, Oregon area.

The documents required to claim Stevens ' assets and assume his identity are in a safe deposit box in a Portland bank ; the key to the box is hidden under a black volcanic rock along a rock wall lining a hay field in the small town of Buxton, not far from Shawshank.

Much larger forms are found in the later rocks of the upper part of the Jurassic and the lower part of the Cretaceous, such as Titanites from the Portland Stone of Jurassic of southern England, which is often 53 centimetres ( 2 feet ) in diameter, and Parapuzosia seppenradensis of the Cretaceous period of Germany, which is one of the largest known ammonites, sometimes reaching 2 metres ( 6. 5 feet ) in diameter.

Also of this family line is the Earl of Portland, whose titles are extant.

The Portland Trail Blazers, commonly known as the Blazers, are an American professional basketball team based in Portland, Oregon.

Gypsum is often added to Portland cement to prevent early hardening or " flash setting ", allowing a longer working time.

Portland cement ( often referred to as OPC, from Ordinary Portland Cement ) is the most common type of cement in general use around the world because it is a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco and most non-specialty grout.

Clark County's location in the Portland media market often results in the county voting differently on initiatives than the rest of the state.

Facilities constructed on the island included the Torpedo Control Officers School of the Portland Naval Training Center, a navy supply pier with a naval fuel annex often cited as a source of contamination for both the island's marsh and Casco Bay, and the Casco Bay Naval Auxiliary Air Facility ( NAAF ) seaplane base operated as part of Naval Air Station Brunswick from 14 May 1943 to 15 December 1946.

Until that time, the city had simply been known as Campground because this forested site was where pioneers often stopped to spend the night and compose themselves before moving on to Portland and the Willamette Valley.

In late summer, the regular schedules of the steamers " Mascot " and " Walker ", paddle-wheeling to Portland, were often interrupted by low water.

Portland International Airport is often referred to by its IATA airport code, PDX.

While Repton worked for equally important clients, such as the Dukes of Bedford and Portland, he was usually fine-tuning earlier work, often that of Brown himself.

" Drumhead ( sign ) | Drumhead " logos such as this often adorned the ends of the observation car s on the City of Portland.

Ground granulated slag is often used in concrete in combination with Portland cement as part of a blended cement.

The beach is often identified as a tombolo, although research into the geomorphology of the area has revealed that it is in fact a barrier beach which has " rolled " landwards, joining the mainland with the Isle of Portland, giving the appearance of a tombolo.

His designs were stripped of ornament, often using simple detailed masses of Portland stone in the construction of the shelters and other architectural elements.

Portland cement mortar ( is very often known simply as cement mortar ) and is created by mixing Ordinary Portland cement ( OPC ), hydrated lime, and aggregate ( or sand ) with water.

The association with Fenway and the Red Sox is so strong that some local Little League fields often are decorated with replicas of the Citgo sign, as is Hadlock Field in Portland, Maine, home of the Boston Red Sox ' AA affiliate Portland Sea Dogs.

This resulted in formal, planned developments such as King Street, Portland Street, Saint Marnock Street and latterly John Finnie Street ; the last often suggested as one of the finest Victorian planned streets in Scotland.

Asphalt concrete pavements are often called just " asphalt " by laypersons who tend to associate the term concrete with Portland cement concrete only.

He has done simulcasts with talk hosts from other areas of the country, such as Lars Larson of AM 750 KXL in Portland, Oregon, and often does transatlantic simulcasts with James Whale on the British station, talkSPORT, and was also, until October 2007, a frequent guest host for the nationally syndicated Rush Limbaugh Show.

Following his service he became a prominent attorney in Portland, Oregon, where he often defended labor unions and " radicals " including birth control activist Margaret Sanger.