At first, the islands of Cape Verde housed an extensive savanna and dry forest cover, but mostly it was removed to convert to agricultural land, which, together with the arid climate and rugged terrain, has led to a soil erosion and desertification widespread.

Once trees have been removed by fire or logging, infiltration rates become high and erosion low to the degree the forest floor remains intact.

As the uplift was occurring some of mostly Mesozoic sedimentary strata were removed by erosion over the core of the mountain range and spread as sand and clays across the Great Plains to the east.

In the 48 million years since the slide occurred, erosion has removed most of the portion of the slide.

Dead organisms in nature are usually quickly removed by scavengers, bacteria, rotting and erosion, but sedimentation can contribute to exceptional circumstances where these natural processes are unable to work, causing fossilisation.

** Soil erosion – process by which soil is removed from the Earth's surface by natural processes such as wind or water flow, and then transported and deposited in other locations.

These sands cannot support crops, and if the trees are removed erosion is rapid and severe.

In pressure release, also known as unloading, overlying materials ( not necessarily rocks ) are removed ( by erosion, or other processes ), which causes underlying rocks to expand and fracture parallel to the surface.

Associated with the logging and early settlement were vast wild fires which not only removed the forests, but led to soil erosion.

Isostatic rebound can account for significant changes over thousand or hundreds of years, and allows erosion of a mountain belt to promote further erosion as mass is removed from the chain and the belt uplifts.

The Save our Sands Campaign ( SOS ) was set up on 26 March 2009 to raise awareness amidst concerns over the erosion of Montrose beach, caused by the " one million tonnes of sand, swept by the tide into the harbour ... removed from the local area over the past 25 years ".

The frontage of the red brick Alexandra Hall had an ironwork and glass canopy, which was removed in the late 1950s because of rust erosion.

Since the end of the Carboniferous time there has been erosion and more than a thousand metres of the coal-bearing rocks have been completely removed from the area.

Over time, most of the overlying rock was uplifted along with the rest of the Sierra Nevada and was removed from the area by erosion.

95 % of these rocks were eventually removed by uplifted-accelerated erosion.

In older examples, or those latterly surrounded by the sea, the tail is often missing, having been removed by post-glacial erosion.

Overgrazing and erosion have removed much of the topsoil from the island.

At Durdle Bay nearly all of the limestone has been removed by sea erosion, whilst the remainder forms a small headland.

In the Llano Estacado, erosion had removed everything down to the Triassic, and even to the Permian redbeds.

The Norse settlement has been partly removed by coastal erosion, and the cliffs are reinforced by concrete rip-rap to prevent further damage.

Subsequent erosion removed softer rocks, such as mudstone ( rock formed by consolidated mud ) and siltstone ( a slightly coarser-grained mudstone ) while leaving harder rocks, such as limestone ( calcium-rich rock consisting of the remains of marine organisms ) and dolomite ( rocks similar to limestone containing calcium and magnesium ).

Vugs may also result when mineral crystals or fossils inside a rock matrix are later removed through erosion or dissolution processes, leaving behind irregular voids.

The process of erosion has removed much of the surrounding schist from the mountain tops, exposing the underlying granite.

Other formations totaling thick may have been deposited in the region during Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous only to be uplifted and entirely removed by erosion.

It has a raised rim that is free from impact erosion, and is surrounded by a small radial skirt of ejecta.

Mount Shasta's surface is relatively free of deep glacial erosion except, paradoxically, for its south side where Sargents Ridge runs parallel to the U-shaped Avalanche Gulch.

Although being affected by the ice-sheet history spanning the Quaternary period of the last 2. 5 million years, much of the landscape are moderately imprinted by ice-sheet erosion except from in the main valleys.

Jangbok () the highest peak, except if a bulmosan, elevation below the wide distribution of the mountain, and a small erosion of mountain ranges are scattered throughout the basin.

Goat Rock Beach is subject to continuing marine erosion as well as windborne erosion, thus creating a situation where an average of one to three feet per year of land mass is lost, except for the hardest of outcrop formations.

Master valves are normally in the fully open position and are never opened or closed when the well is flowing ( except in an emergency ) to prevent erosion of the valve sealing surfaces.

Winter annuals are important ecologically, as they provide vegetative cover that prevents soil erosion during winter and early spring when no other cover exists and they provide fresh vegetation for animals and birds that feed on them.

* A wave-cut platform forms after erosion and retreat of a sea cliff has been occurring for a long time.

illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity ( in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries ); soil erosion ; in rural areas, most of the population does not have access to potable water ; declining fish stocks because of illegal fishing and overfishing

Almost all of the natural environment has been destroyed by conversion to agriculture and logging for firewood, as well as natural soil erosion, all of which has threatened several species of birds and reptiles.

: Deforestation, largely a result of the clearing of land for cattle ranching ; soil erosion ; coastal marine pollution ; fisheries protection ; solid waste management ; air pollution

In ecosystems, compost is useful for erosion control, land and stream reclamation, wetland construction, and as landfill cover ( see compost uses ).

The early personages most cited for propounding composting within farming are for the German-speaking world Rudolf Steiner, founder of a farming method called biodynamics, and Annie Francé-Harrar, who was appointed on behalf of the government in Mexico and supported the country 1950 – 1958 to set up a large humus organization in the fight against erosion and soil degradation.

poaching threatens wildlife populations ( for example, the Painted Hunting Dog, Lycaon pictus is now considered extinct in the Congo due to human overpopulation and poaching ); water pollution ; deforestation ( chiefly due to land conversion to agriculture by indigenous farmers ); refugees responsible for significant deforestation, soil erosion, and wildlife poaching ; mining of minerals ( coltan — a mineral used in creating capacitors, diamonds, and gold ) causing environmental damage

This in turn changes erosion rates and the availability of water for either ecosystem functions or human services.

The US Forest Service, in Bandelier National Monument for example, is studying how to restore the former ecosystem, and reduce erosion, by removing the trees.

Water and wind erosion are now the two primary causes of land degradation ; combined, they are responsible for 84 % of degraded acreage, making excessive erosion one of the most significant global environmental problems we face today.

Rill erosion refers to the development of small, ephemeral concentrated flow paths, which function as both sediment source and sediment delivery systems for erosion on hillslopes.

Saltation is responsible for the majority ( 50-70 %) of wind erosion, followed by suspension ( 30-40 %), and then surface creep ( 5-25 %).

The problem has been exacerbated in modern times, due to mechanized agricultural equipment that allows for deep plowing, which severely increases the amount of soil that is available for transport by water erosion.

Soil erosion rates are expected to change in response to changes in climate for a variety of reasons.

Studies by Pruski and Nearing indicated that, other factors such as land use not considered, we can expect approximately a 1. 7 % change in soil erosion for each 1 % change in total precipitation under climate change.

Water and wind erosion are now the two primary causes of land degradation ; combined, they are responsible for 84 % of degraded acreage.

The most commonly used model for predicting soil loss from water erosion is the Universal Soil Loss Equation ( USLE ), which estimates the average annual soil loss as:

The most effective known method for erosion prevention is to increase vegetative cover on the land, which helps prevent both wind and water erosion.